一种改善MT低频数据质量的方法及其应用

电磁干扰是影响大地电磁测深方法（MT）数据质量的主要因素。目前，除从仪器电路上考虑压制50Hz的工业干扰外，主要的压制干扰的方法为近，远参考的ROBUST技术，它对高频电磁干扰或随机干扰有明显的压制作用。但在强干扰地区（通常具有很强的低频电磁干扰，如长，短脉冲和方波等低频干扰），低频数据的质量仍然很差，这是因为在低频数据处理时，强的低频电磁干扰使得级联分样后的数据发生了强的崎变，与实际的有用信号相差甚远，从MT时序数据出发，提出了应用小波变换的方法，重组低频干扰并加以消除，达到提高信噪比的目的，经实际资料处理证明，此方法效果明显。     

The link between the Victoria mode in the preceding boreal winter and spring precipitation over the southeastern USA and Gulf of Mexico

北太平洋海温第二主导模态是一个呈现东北.西南"+-"偶极子型变化的海温模态,被定义为维多利亚模态(VM)。本文利用1979.2014年的逐月资料,通过偏相关分析及回归分析等气象统计方法,探究了北半球前冬VM与春季美国东南部及墨西哥湾(SE USA及GM,(24–34°N,95–80°W))降水之间的关系,结果表明两者之间存在显著的正相关关系。当前冬为正(负)VM事件,则在随之而来的春季,SE USA及GM区域往往会出现降水增加(减少)。SE USA及GM区域的环流系统对前冬正(负)VM的响应十分显著,具体表现为比湿偏高(偏低),输入此区域的水汽输送增多(减少),并且,此区域对流层基本上被异常上升(下沉)运动控制,有利于(不利于)降水发生。因此,本文的研究可能为春季美国东南部及墨西哥湾降水的季节预测提供新的预测因子。     

Intercomparison of the Summertime Subtropical High from the ERA-40 and over East Eurasia and the western North Pacific

An intercomparison of summertime (JJA)subtropical geopotential heights from the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis is specifically conducted over East Eurasia and the western North Pacific. The NCEP/NCAR is obviously lower than the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere in most regions of East Eurasia before the mid-1970s, but becomes higher than the ERA-40 after the mid-1970s and thus demonstrates stronger increased trends during the period of 1958-2001. Both reanalyses are lower than the observations in most regions of China. The NCEP/NCAR especially shows tremendously systematic lower values before the mid-1960s and displays abrupt changes before the 1970s. Several indices of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), calculated from both reanalyzed summer geopotential heights, also reveal that the variation trend of the NCEP/NCAR is stronger than that of the ERA-40 in the mid-to-lower troposphere from 1958 to 2001. Through singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis, the summer geopotential heights at 500 hPa from the ERA-40 are better than the NCEP/NCAR counterparts at interacting with the precipitation over the East Asian monsoon region. The results indicate that the NCEP/NCAR in the mid-and-lower troposphere may overestimate interdecadal changes and should be used cautiously to study the relationship between the WNPSH and precipitation ove ther East Asia Monsoon region before the mid-1970s.     

Dredging influenced sediment toxicity of endosulfan and lindane on black tiger shrimp （Penaeus monodon Fabricius） in Chantaburi River estuary in Thailand

Series of experiments, including background sediment elutriate, spiked-sediment elutriate and spiked- water toxicity tests, were carried out to study the effect of dredging on survivability and ecological competence of commercially important shrimp postlarvae of Penaeus monodon Fabricius. The test sediment represented the most contaminated from endosulfan and lindane in the Chantaburi river mouth estuary. The maximum sediment contamination levels were 49.4 μg/kg of endosulfan and 58.1 μg/kg of lindane in dry weight basis. Dose-response studies in static, non-renewal spiked-sediment elutriate toxicity tests revealed that LC 50 （96 h） values for survival effect based on measured concentrations were 0.50 （0.26-0.95） μg/L for endosulfan and 0.92 （0.63-1.34） μg/L for lindane. The LOECs for endosulfan and lindane were 0.141 and 0.429 μg/L, respectively. The NOECs were estimated to be the dissoluted endosulfan and lindane concentrations from the Chantaburi estuary sediment. The effects on phenoloxidase enzyme activity in shrimp postlarvae exposed for sub-lethal to lethal doses in sediment elutriate were not significant （p〉0.05） at all tested dose levels. The worst case dissolution concentrations of endosulfan and lindane in the water column upon simulatory dredging in the Chantaburi estuary were found to be toxic to shrimp postlarvae on lethal and sub-lethal effects. The NOECs of respective chemicals （i.e., 0.034 and 0.16 μg/L） shared the same orders of magnitude for corresponding NOECs established for whole salt water aquatic life by the USEPA and ＂safe＂ levels calculated by 0.01 safety factor approach. In addition, the significance of multiple pollutant assessments for ecological toxicity testing is highlighted.     

线性热力学对大气系统的应用(I)大气系统的线性唯象关系和热力学性质(英文)

从一般的热力学原理或其它自然原理对唯象关系所强加的限制,能够演绎出大气系统的一系列热力学性质。利用非平衡态线性热力学导出了湍流K闭合理论中湍流交换系数同唯象系数的关系,从理论上证明大气系统热量湍流输送同水汽之间存在交叉耦合,还导出了湍流强度同速度和位温梯度的关系,从而证明速度和位温空间分布的非均匀性是湍流之源。并证明湍流强度定理,不可压缩气体和各向同性湍流大气中,湍流强度正比于速度与位温梯度的标积。进而证明大气涡旋定理,位温的切变将导致涡旋运动或各种环流运动,速度涡度等于速度同位温相对梯度的矢积。展现了线性热力学在大气系统的应用前景。     

定量评价中国北方粉尘源区地表覆盖类型对表土风蚀强度的影响

根据中国北方不同地表覆盖类型下表土的微团粒粒度分布和粗糙度长度参数,应用DPM模型分别计算了高草覆盖下、低草覆盖下、开垦耕地、砂砾质戈壁、砾质戈壁和裸露沙地在不同摩擦速度时的跃移通量。结果表明,裸露的粉细砂和细砂的跃移通量分别是砂砾质戈壁的几十倍;只有在极高风速条件下低草和高草覆盖下的砾质砂地才出现风蚀,其跃移通量与前面几种覆盖类型存在着1—2个数量级的差异。不同覆盖条件下地表可蚀性组分粒度分布和粗糙度长度的差异是造成风蚀强度差异的主要原因。在此基础上。从风蚀机制讨论了中国北方第四纪粉尘和现代粉尘的主要源区。     

红光固体二极管点阵在释光测年中的光照应用

释光测年实验室照明光源的特征(波长与功率)直接影响到释光测年数据的准确性,因此释光测年技术对照明光源的要求很严格。通过对比,选择了典型的红光固体二极管R LED1(661±15)nm作为研究对象。利用R LED1点阵对已知剂量的石英和钾长石样品进行不同时间的光照后,再用单片再生法恢复样品的等效剂量,发现样品的等效剂量与已知剂量差别不大,表明石英和钾长石经过不同时间的R LED1点阵光照后没有发生明显的信号衰减,对测年样品没有影响。因此,利用波长为(661±15)nm的红光固体二极管作为释光测年实验室的照明光源是安全可靠的。     

青海贵德盆地晚新生代沉积演化与青藏高原北部隆升

青海贵德盆地发育巨厚的新生代地层,并含较丰富的重要哺乳动物化石,对确定盆地及周边相似地层的年代和研究高原隆升过程具有重要的科学意义。本文结合哺乳动物采用典型剖面精确古地磁测年为基础的时间框架,对近11 Ma BP以来盆地沉积相进行了分析,划分出19个沉积岩相和湖泊、三角洲、辫状河流、水下扇三角洲和水上洪积扇5个沉积环境,以及8个沉积演化阶段。通过盆地沉积对构造隆升的响应探讨表明:>11～7.65Ma BP为高原构造稳定期,7.65～3.6Ma BP高原具阶段性逐步隆升构造特征,3.6～>2.6 Ma BP为高原整体快速隆升,2.6Ma BP左右高原大规模挤压断陷,1.8 Ma BP左右高原大规模整体快速隆升并使贵德盆地古湖被切穿排干,黄河在此诞生。     

下扬子地区沿江前陆盆地形成的构造控制

华北板块与扬子板块沿大别－胶南造山带的陆－陆碰撞使造 山带侧的扬子板块成为前陆变形带,并在其上发育了沿江前陆盆地。沿江前陆盆地初始继承性发育于下扬子区海退末期残留的陷区,随后于黄马青期受北界滁河断裂与南界江南断裂的对冲控制而成为双向压隐型盆地。     

基于DEM的流域降雨径流模拟——以蒲石河流域山区为例

DEM是目前用于流域地形分析的主要数据,基于DEM的水文模拟技术,在流域地形分析及水系构建等方面已形成了比较成熟的算法,给传统的水文模拟技术带来了根本性的变化。以蒲石河流域山区为例,借助流域水文软件WMS,结合ARCVIEW和SURFER软件,计算了流域的面积、周长、坡度与形状因子等参数。在生成山区数字高程模型的基础上,采用WMS嵌入的HEC-1模型对一场降雨进行了降雨径流模拟研究。