Is the Universe an actual subsystem of the infinite whole of reality?

On the basis of the law of conservation of energy, the variations of radiation energy as a result of the variations of the dimensions of the Universe and of the increase in total energy of the hypothetical false vacuum, the author introduces an assumption that the Universe is an actual subsystem of the infinite whole of reality. Analyzing the consequences of introducing this assumption into the standard model of the Universe, he comes to the conclusion that the Universe, with respect to its evolution, represents an ultrastable system consisting of a dynamic system of the de Sitter evolution phase with the Planck values and of a dynamic system of Friedmann's phase of evolution into which the dynamics of its partial subsystems is incorporated.     

A note on the problem of choosing a model of the Universe,I

The author considers the possibility of transition of the current universe expansion to contraction. The considerations are based on the fact that a homogeneous Universe is structured into non-homogeneous units, the latter expanding as a whole. An analysis of the effects of these wholes on further development shows that in the future contractions may occur only locally; however, the current spatial expansion of the Universe cannot be replaced by a global contraction.     

Structure of the inner corona derived from observations of the eclipse of 16 February 1980

The volume emission measure EM(V) of the arch systems of the inner corona, not immediately associated with developed active regions, has been determined by analyzing the pictures of the green corona. It was found that the EM(V)-values of these systems are substantially lower than those obtained from X-ray data for the active regions, and this fact should be taken into account in interpreting extra-atmospheric observations. The combined investigation of data on the radiation of the corona in the green line and in the continuum enables one to determine the total extension of the radiating matter, (0.5–1) × 10¹⁰ cm, as well as the density in the separate arches, 1.5 × 10⁹ cm^-3. It is assumed that matter exists between the arches with a density of 10⁸ cm^-3.     

Sunspot activity according to Greenwich observations

This article presents a survey of studies incorporating methods of evaluation of Greenwich observations. It also describes some extreme sunspot groups (i.e., groups with a very large area, a very long life, and/or in very high heliographic latitudes); data on the total areas of the largest sunspots are given, and a survey of the parameters concerning individual 11-year cycles, resulting from Greenwich Photoheliographic Results, is presented.     

Hydrothermal alteration in volcanic rocks,eastern part of the Lukavice Group, Železné Hory Mountains,Czech Republic

Many rocks mapped as felsic metavolcanics in the eastern part of the Lukavice Group are shown to be altered mafic metavolcanics, similar to those in the Noranda and Flin Flon-Snow Lake mining districts, Canada. The relatively fresh rocks of the Lukavice Group are rhyolite, dacite-andesite, and andesite-basalt of calcalka-line character. Assuming no substantial volume change during alteration, Ti, P, La, Ce, Yb, Lu, Th (partly), Sc and V contents remained unchanged. Altered rocks are enriched in (Fe + Mg), K and Si and depleted in Na, Ca and Zr. Some elements show both increased and decreased contents in altered rocks (Mg, Ba, Sm, eu, Tb and Hf). Although hydrothermal alteration in the Lukavice Group is of large extent, it is of the proximal Kuroko style and not of regional Amulet Rhyolite style. Implications for a large hydrothermal system within a volcanic pile are discussed in relation to the Ordovician Lukavice Group and its mineral deposits and to some other parts of the Bohemian Massif with volcanosedimentary sequences of the same age.     

The acceleration of back-scattered beam electrons in a return-current electric field

Using a 1-D hybrid model of the electron beam bombardment in a flare loop, it is demonstrated that beam electrons, back-scattered in dense layers of the solar atmosphere, are accelerated in the return-current electric field. This effect is shown in two regimes of the electron beam bombardment: (a) with a monoenergetic quasi-steady beam, and (b) with a sequence of 4 pulse beams. It is suggested that the mirroring of electrons at loop magnetic mirrors can amplify this process. The role of such acceleration for the formation of a collisionless return-current, and thus for a decrease of return-current losses, is discussed.     

Smoothing the source time function – a tool to soften inadequate modelling of the medium during inversion of local waveforms?

The inconsistency of records of local earthquakes and synthetic seismograms due to noise contamination of the data and/or to improper Green function because of an inexact structural model often results in high frequency oscillations of the source time function, which prolongs it spuriously. A priori limit on the roughness of the source time function turned out to reduce the spurious oscillations but it keeps its spurious extension unchanged. Thus, it may yield a severe distortion of the seismic moment. However, it reduces the spurious volumetric component of the mechanism resulting from improper modelling of the structure and, thus, may help decide whether the retrieved volumetric component is real or false. The demand for the smoothness is incorporated as a penalty function in the minimization of the least square residuals, which allows us to decide about the degree of the smoothness. The minimization is performed with a simple genetic algorithm, which offers the advantage of a detailed exploration of the model space reducing the danger of being trapped in local minima.     

Coronal line photometer

A new photoelectric photometer to determine intensities of the spectral lines of the solar corona is described. The measurements cover the range from 400 nm to 900 nm with a time resolution up to 0.04 s. Starting from 1 January, 1991 the new photometer is used for patrol observations of the green (530.3 nm) and the red (637.4 nm) coronal lines at the coronal station Lomnický tít.     

A possible relation between geomagnetic activity and winter air surface temperatures in Prague

Summary A possible relation between the 10-day geomagnetic activity, solar activity and temperatures as measured at the meteorological station Prague - Klementinum in 1932–1975 was sought. It was found that: 1) Kp correlates with the surface temperature in Prague substantially better than Wolf's number R. 2) The correlation between Kp and the surface air temperature is not very close, but is significant at the level p=0.9! 3) If the QBO phase is taken into account, the correlations for the January and February decades of the years 1956–1975 improve as in [27] (van Loon, Labitzke).     

Microwave characteristics of a behind-the-limb proton flare

Behind-the-limb flares provide a unique opportunity for the study of vertical source structures of microwave bursts and dynamic flare processes. Based on complex observational data related to the outstanding solar proton event on 16 February, 1984, the development of burst emission at a height z 200000 km above the photosphere has been investigated. A comparison with the associated X-ray emission measured aboard various spacecraft yields a time lag of about 1 min between the onset of the unocculted impulsive HXR-emission and the onsets of the X-ray and microwave emissions occulted by the solar limb. The lag corresponds to a range of speeds of the propagation of the flare volume of about 3000–5000 km s^–1. Considering competing transport agents that could account for such expansion of the source volume, a qualitative model of shock-wave activation of loops successively reaching into larger coronal heights is proposed.From a discussion of the possible emission processes involved, conclusions about the magnetic field, electron density, and particle energies have been obtained.