环境演变对中华文明影响研究的进展与展望

近年来自然环境演变研究和中华文明演变研究的大量科学积累显示,中国的地理环境及其演变与中华文明的产生和发展之间存在着多样而复杂的相互影响关系。从已有的研究成果可以概括出以下认识：(1) 中华文明具有“多元一体结构”,其连续性得益于与巨大的生存空间相联系的多样的环境类型与环境演变的区域差异。(2) 尽管并非所有的暖期中华文明都繁盛,但中华文明繁盛的时期往往是各种时间尺度上的暖期。(3) 环境极端恶化事件对中华文明产生严重冲击,同时也促使文明发生重大变革,中华民族在对不利环境影响的适应过程中不断开拓创造、不断积累经验,从而促进社会的更大进步。进一步开展有关环境演变对中华文明影响的过程与机制研究,应以重大环境演变事件的识别为基础,以环境变化引起的资源变化为切入点,通过文明发展对环境演变影响的适应研究来深化对文明内涵的理解。     

Regional Summer Temperature Decrease against Global Warming in China, Landform Effect？

The data of 160 national meteorological observatory(NMO)stations with long-term monthly temperature data for China were analyzed in this study to show the basin-centered summer temperature decrease against global warming in the past half century. The summer and winter isotherm structures of 1950s and 1990s worked out by interpolation show the isotherm structure variations: the isotherm structure generally moves northward in winter, but in summer it is characterized with separate high-temperature and low-temperature centers and the isotherm structure moves inward the centers with global warming, indicating that the temperature in the highland areas increases but that in the lowland areas decreases in the summer of the duration. The possible mechanism of the basin-centered temperature decrease in summer is discussed in this paper.     

柴达木盆地自然伽玛曲线在古气候及沉积环境研究中的应用

应用自然伽玛测井（GR）曲线反演古气候和古环境的方法在国际上逐渐得到重视并取得了进展，柴达木盆地第四纪应用其反演2.85Ma B.P来的古气候变化也取得了成功。本文以柴达木盆地侏罗系冷科1井和雨33井自然伽玛曲线并结合孢粉等地质资料进行了古气候与沉积环境分析，证明GR曲线是有价值的古气候研究参数。GR值的大小及古气候的干湿变化和沉积水体的深浅变化均有内在联系，GR曲线振幅与频率的变化快慢反映出沉积环境动荡与稳定的相对特征，据此对两口井的沉积环境演变作了具体分析。结合古气候与沉积环境综合分析，GR曲线的异常波动还具有特殊的指相意义。GR值增大-古气候加湿-沉积水体加深的同步表现特征是一般性规律，构造-古地理背景的变动可改变这一对应关系，因而提供了研究古地理演变的信息，进一步丰富了GR曲线研究的地质涵义。说明在侏罗纪古气候和古环境研究上，GR曲线是一有价值的参考指标。     

Global Change and Regional Landscape Response and Desertification in Siberia

Climate changes and associated natural and anthropogenic processes have manifested themselves particularly clearly during the last two decades. The study of consequences of these changes has become one of the central scientific, social and political issues of our time (Pilot 2000; UNEP 2007).     

Mechanisms and Simulation of Accelerated Shrinkage of Continental Glaciers: A Case Study of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 in Eastern Tianshan, Central Asia

Similar to most mountain glaciers in the world, Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (UG1), the best observed glacier in China with continued glaciological and climatological monitoring records of longer than 50 years has experienced an accelerated recession during the past several decades. The purpose of this study is to investigate the acceleration of recession. By taking UG1 as an example, we analyze the generic mechanisms of acceleration of shrinkage of continental mountain glaciers. The results indicate that the accel...     

On the Relationship between Local Topography and Small Glacier Change under Climatic Warming on Mt. Bogda, Eastern Tian Shan, China

Glacial features in the geological record provide essential clues about past behavior of climate. Of the numerous physical systems on earth, glaciers are one of most responsive to climate change, especially small glaciers, their direct marginal response taking only a few years or decades to be expressed. Accelerating recession of modern glaciers raises the issue of the climate’s impact on water runoff. Data based on topographic maps and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Radiometer (ASTER) imagery sho...     

Spatial Distribution of the Debris Layer on Glaciers of the Tuomuer Peak, Western Tian Shan

This article, based on the field work took place on the zone of Tuomuer (托木尔) Peak, western Tian Shan (天山) during the period May 2008 to September 2009, obtained the spatial distribution of debris layer on the reference glaciers (Glacier No. 72, Glacier No. 74, Tuomuer Glacier) by detailed measurements of debris thickness and ablation rates on glacier and further by Spot-5 (5 m, 2005) high-resolution satellitic image applying remote sensing and geographic information systems approach to research the spatial...     

基于HHT的吕宋岛西北海域叶绿素浓度及相关环境物理要素的多时间尺度分析

利用基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)方法而改进的Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)方法,分析了吕宋岛西北海域从1997年9月至2009年7月近12年的月平均遥感叶绿素浓度观测序列以及相关环境物理要素时间序列,分离出各要素的特征振荡模态(IMFs);在此基础上以叶绿素与相关要素间具有相同或相近频率的IMF对偶之间相位差余弦值的方差为指标,探讨了该海域叶绿素浓度与环境场之间的联系。结果表明:1)海区各研究变量都具有明显的季节和年际振荡特征,叶绿素准年周期模态方差贡献达81%,年际变化中准两年振荡是海区诸要素共同的波动类型,此外叶绿素浓度还具有4年左右周期的振荡。2)除埃克曼抽吸速度在准年周期振荡上与叶绿素浓度显著正相关、Nio3区海表温度在准两年周期上有弱的正相关关系外,其余要素均与叶绿素浓度在不同时间尺度上呈负相关关系。这些结果说明HHT是气候序列多时间尺度分析中的一种有力工具。     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VELOCITY PROFILE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION

I. ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE SEDIMENT~LADEN FLOW VELOCITY PROFILEThe influence of sediment on the water--now structures must be considered when thevelocity profile of the sediment--laden now (or turbid flow) is studied. widely usedparameters for reflecting thoses influences are the sediment concentrahon and theffichardson number, where Ri represents the variation of the concentration gradient.Generally, the vertical distributions of sediment concentration and th…     

我国北方上更新统城川组的建立

在传统认为属河湖相沉积的萨拉乌苏组,经研究在其上部划分出一套以风成砂沉积为主的城川组。城川组风成砂与马兰黄土是同期风力分异出来的产物;城川组的沉积相、沉积环境和古生物与其下的萨拉乌苏组是不同的。萨拉乌苏河流域的城川组,马兰黄土形成于晚更新世晚期,萨拉乌苏组为晚更新世早期;前者相当于玉木冰期,推测年代距今70000a。