亚洲中东部岩石圈下层网络状塑性流动与应变场

在板块边缘驱动力的挤压作用下,岩石圈下层（含下地壳和岩石圈地幔）塑性流动网络的共轭角随着变形的增大而由初始的直角变为钝角,因此,可根据共轭角的增量推测应变的大小,并给出该层的应变场,亚洲中东部所含3个塑性流动网络系统的研究表明,岩石圈下层的应变场控制或影响着上部地壳的构造变形和地形起伏,表现在应变“凸锋~”与地形凸峰之间的相互对应以及“稳定”块体的低应变效应和应变的波动传播,网络共轭角推测应变的方法为认识板内应变场和构造变形提供了新的途径。     

Discovery of A-type Granite Zone and Its Geodynamic Significance in the Western Kunlun Mts., China

l. IntroductionGranite distributes widely in western KunlunMts. Many researches have been conducted byscientists (Wang Yuzhen et.al., l987; Zhang Yuquanet.al., l989, Fang Xilian et.al., I990, Jiang Chunfaet.al., 1992; Pan Yusheng, l992, Xu Ronghua et.al.,l 994; Jing Daogui et.al., l996, Zhang Yuquan et.al.,l998). But all of the researches have been donealong Sino-Pakistan road and Xinjiang-Tibet roadt"ith fOcus on isotopic dating of the intrusion andconducted a few on origin and tect…     

东昆仑活动断裂带东段古地震活动特征

东昆仑活动断裂托索湖——玛曲以东肯定那一带， 可据阿尼玛卿玛积峰为界再分为花石峡段和玛沁段两个在几何上不连续的段落. 两段在表征断层全新世活动特征的古地震事件方面有明显差异， 花石峡段的地震活动性明显高于玛沁段的地震活动性. 古地震研究表明， 花石峡段上3次强震活动相邻两次地震发生的时间间隔分别约为500 a和640 a， 玛沁段上最近两次古地震事件间大致有1 000 a左右的时间间隔. 根据断层平均滑动速率计算的花石峡段7.5级地震的平均复发间隔为411~608 a， 相对应的同震平均水平位错约为（5.75plusmn;0.57）m. 虽然玛沁段的地震活动性较弱， 但由于该段上最近一次地震事件离现在较为久远， 已经积累的应变能应该使我们对其未来地震危险性的分析有足够重视.      

中国含油气盆地构造分析主要进展与展望

本文简要总结了中国含油气盆地构造分析的主要进展。中国区域大地构造理论特别是板块构造理论，对于指导盆地构造研究起了重要作用。通过各种地球物理探测方法，揭示了中国含油气盆地的上地幔结构，地壳结构、基底结构与盖层构造的关系。中国含油气盆地在地质历史中的演化过程十分复杂，伸展盆地、前陆盆地、走滑盆地、克拉通盆地和叠合具有各自独特的地球动力学系统。构造样式分析是盆地构造分析的重要方面，直接与寻找油气圈闭有关，可以划分出伸展构造、挤压构造、走滑构造、反转构造和潜山－披覆构造等。断裂和不含油气盆地中的重要构造要素，控制着油气运聚成藏、叠合盆地多期成盆、多期改造造成的复杂构成图像，是中国含油气盆地的重要特色之一。展望21世纪 中国油气盆地构造分析，需要重点关注的是：叠合盆地形成演化和地球动力学过程分析；盆－山耦合过程的深部－浅部耦全过程分析；盆地三维构造精细描述和盆地模拟技术，盐构造和天然气构造分析。     

Hydrothermal Alteration Zoning and Kinetic Process of Mineral-Water Interactions

This study reports the kinetic experimental results of albite in water and in KCI solution at 22 MPa in the temperature range of 25 to 400℃. Kinetic experiments have been carried out in an open flow-through reaction system (packed bed reactor). Albite dissolution is always incongruent in water at most temperatures, but becomes congruent at 300℃ (close to the critical point 374℃). At temperatures from 25 to 300℃, the incongruent dissolution of albite is reflected by the fact that sodium and aluminum are easily dissolved into water; from 300 to 400℃ it is reflected by silicon being more easily dissolved in water than Al and Na. Maximum albite dissolution rates in the flow hydrothermal systems have been repeatedly observed at 300℃, independent of flow rates.The kinetic experiments of albite dissolution in a KCl aqueous solution (0.1 mol KCl) indicate that the dissolution rate of albite increases with increasing temperature. Maximum silicon release rates of albite have been observed at 400℃, while ma     

塔里木盆地晚泥盆世及石炭纪岩相古地理

塔里木盆地上泥盆统及石炭系包括5个组，自下而上分别为上泥盆统东河塘组和甘木里克组，石炭系巴楚组、卡拉沙依组和小海子组。其中东河塘组和甘木里克组地质时代为晚泥盆世，巴楚组地质时代为早石炭世杜内早中期，卡拉沙依组地质时代为晚杜内中期至巴什基尔期，小海子组地层时代为巴什基尔末期至莫斯科早期。岩石类型有碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩，还有膏盐岩，并夹薄层火山碎屑岩。沉积相主要为海陆过渡相组合，包括河流、三角洲、滨岸、浅海、碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘6种相和12种亚相及33种微相。晚泥盆世东河塘期至石炭纪发生过4次较大的海侵，海侵范围由下而上逐渐增大，至晚石炭世小海子期海侵规模最大。东河塘期开始海侵，海水由西而东侵入，此时周缘碎屑物质供应充分，主要为无障壁海岸和障壁海岸沉积，西南缘为浅海相沉积。巴楚期晚期，海侵范围进一步扩大，物源向北或北东方向退却，陆源碎屑物质注入急剧减少，形成了一套富含生屑的碳酸盐岩地层，发育了开阔台地和局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期中期海侵规模比巴楚期更大，海水深度加大，西部为开阔台地亚相沉积，其余地区为局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期晚期和小海子期海侵达最大，向东扩展，大部分地区为开阔台地亚相沉积，东部地区为局限台地亚相沉积，塔北大部分地区缺失。     

中国西北地区石炭纪岩相古地理?

根据研究区实测露头剖面沉积构造、岩矿、沉积地球化学、粒度分析、古流向资料、重矿物及沉积相的综合研究，结合地层、古生物、区域岩性资料等，对研究区石炭纪岩相古地理特征进行了分析。研究区早石炭世有5个古陆，即阿勒泰古陆南准噶尔古陆、敦煌-走廊古陆、阿拉善古陆、陇西古陆；有10个沉积相区，即库马苏滨浅海相区、布尔津-富蕴滨浅海相区、博格达滨浅海区、北准噶尔深海-半深海相区、北天山半深海-深海相区、克拉美丽冲积扇-湖泊相区、克拉玛依冲积扇-湖泊区、南天山-北祁连滨浅相区、柴达木碳酸盐台地相区、中祁连滨浅海相区。晚石炭世的岩相古地理与早石炭世相比，既有继承性，也有一定的差异，古陆范围有所小；有5个古陆，即阿勒泰古陆、北准噶尔古陆、马鬃山古陆、敦煌-阿拉善古陆、中天山古陆；有9个沉积相区，即库马苏河湖相区、布津-富蕴河湖相区、克拉美丽－巴里坤滨浅海相区、博乐－库尔勒－红柳园滨浅海相区、克拉玛依－哈密半深海－深海相区、乌鲁木齐生物滩丘区、柴达木碳酸盐岩台地相区、宗务隆山浅海-半深海相区、祁连滨浅海相区。半深海-深海相区、滨浅海相区和三角洲相区是较为有利的气分布区。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE TRENDS OVER THE LAST 150 YEARS

A global two-dimensional chemistry model is developed to study long-term trends of CH_4 sinceindustrial revolution.The sources of CH_4,CO and NO_x are parameterized as functions of latitudeand time.With two long-term emission scenarios,long-term trends of CH_4 are simulated.The resultshave a good agreement with observation from ice cores.The modeled CH_4 increased from 760 ppbvin 1840 to 1611.9 ppbv in 1991, while the modeled number concentration of tropospheric OHdecreased from 7.17×10~5 cm~(-3)in 1840 to 5.79×10~5 cm~(-3) in 1991.The increase of atmosphericCH_4 can be explained by the increase of emission of CH_4 and build-up because of decrease of OHradicals that remove CH_4 from the atmosphere.The model is also used to simulate the distribution of CH_4.Comparisons between the modelresults and observations show that the model can simulate both latitudinal distribution and seasonalvariation of CH_4 well.     

INVESTIGATION ON GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT,FRONTOGENESIS AND OSCILLATIONS

Geostrophic adjustment and frontogenesis are examined by means of the 2-D ARPS model.The simulation shows that.without the large-scale forcing,both the frontogenesis and frontolysisare observed during the geostrophic adjustment process and the intensity of the front oscillates inthe case of no discontinuity.The convergence (divergence) induced by the secondary circulation isthe most important factor for frontogenesis (frontolysis) at the top and bottom boundaries.Theamplitude and period of oscillation are dependent on the initial atmospheric stratification and theCoriolis frequency,and they are related to the inertio-gravity wave.     

藻类勃发—湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制

浮游藻类是重要的湖相生油母质，本文以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷早第三纪湖相生油岩为例，研究了其中藻类（主要是颗石藻和沟鞭藻＿化石的分布特征，并通过与现代水体中藻类生产和沉积作用的比较，探讨了生油湖泊中藻类生产和沉积方式及其对油源岩形成所起的控制作用，结果显示，藻类勃发现象在早第三纪生油湖泊中相当普遍，而且贯穿于各类油源岩的形成过程，这类快速事件性沉积是湖相油源岩形成的一种重要机制。