Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (II): isotopic geochemistry and implications for crustal growth in the Phanerozoic

NE China is the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The area is distinguished by widespread occurrence of Phanerozoic granitic rocks. In the companion paper (Part I), we established the Jurassic ages (184–137 Ma) for three granitic plutons: Xinhuatun, Lamashan and Yiershi. We also used geochemical data to argue that these rocks are highly fractionated I-type granites. In this paper, we present Sr–Nd–O isotope data of the three plutons and 32 additional samples to delineate the nature of their source, to determine the proportion of mantle to crustal components in the generation of the voluminous granitoids and to discuss crustal growth in the Phanerozoic.

Despite their difference in emplacement age, Sr–Nd isotopic analyses reveal that these Jurassic granites have common isotopic characteristics. They all have low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7045±0.0015), positive _Nd(T) values (+1.3 to +2.8), and young Sm–Nd model ages (720–840 Ma). These characteristics are indicative of juvenile nature for these granites. Other Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic granites in this region also show the same features. Sr–Nd and oxygen isotopic data suggest that the magmatic evolution of the granites can be explained in terms of two-stage processes: (1) formation of parental magmas by melting of a relatively juvenile crust, which is probably a mixed lithology formed by pre-existing lower crust intruded or underplated by mantle-derived basaltic magma, and (2) extensive magmatic differentiation of the parental magmas in a slow cooling environment.

The widespread distribution of juvenile granitoids in NE China indicates a massive transfer of mantle material to the crust in a post-orogenic tectonic setting. Several recent studies have documented that juvenile granitoids of Paleozoic to Mesozoic ages are ubiquitous in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, hence suggesting a significant growth of the continental crust in the Phanerozoic.     

考虑土拱效应刚性挡墙土压力研究

基于库仑土压力理论,假定刚性挡墙后主应力拱迹线为抛物线,推导了主、被侧土压力系数和水平微分单元间摩擦系数的理论公式,得到改进的主、被动土压力计算公式。研究表明：考虑土拱效应计算结果与模型试验结果吻合比较好。主动极限状态下,土体内摩擦角越小,墙土接触面上外摩擦角越大,土拱效应越明显,主动土压力合力作用点越上移;被动极限状态下,土体内摩擦角和墙土接触面上外摩擦角越大,土拱效应越明显,被动土压力合力点越往下移。     

吉林南部太古宙英云闪长质片麻岩类的特征及成因

吉林南部太古宙英云闪长质片麻岩类主要由石英闪长质、英云闪长质、花岗闪长质和奥长花岗质片麻岩组成。地质学、岩相学、地球化学研究表明，它们是同源岩浆通过结晶分异作用形成的，最主要的分离矿物相是角闪石和斜长石。岩浆来源于下地壳角闪质岩石的部分熔融作用。     

强度折减法在某核电站泵房边坡分析中的应用

对边坡稳定性分别采用按极限平衡法、有限元强度折减法进行二维分析,通过对比计算结果来验证强度折减法分析的准确性与可行性。针对边坡开挖与加固及隧洞开挖的三维效应,采用三维弹塑性有限元强度折减法分析计算边坡的稳定性,计算分析了开挖完成、支护完成条件下边坡安全系数、位移分布、主应力分布、等效塑性应变区和潜在滑动面。结果表明,支护加固可较大提高边坡的稳定安全系数,三维强度折减法分析在岩土工程领域具有明显优势。     

塔里木盆地柯坪地区上寒武统表生溶蚀型藻格架白云岩的地球化学特征及意义*

采用野外观察、室内薄片鉴定及多项地球化学分析技术方法,对塔里木盆地柯坪地区上寒武统表生溶蚀型藻格架白云岩的特征及成因进行了研究。宏观上,藻格架白云岩呈丘状、透镜状夹于潮坪相白云岩层间,由于差异性溶蚀,发育了大量表生溶蚀孔。微观上,藻格架由富藻的泥粉晶白云石组成,而架间孔由浅色的亮晶白云石充填。藻格架泥粉晶白云石呈他形—半自形,镶嵌结构,具有暗红色—橙红色的阴极发光,较高的Na、K含量,较低的Fe含量;δ¹³C为-0.572‰～0.124‰、平均值-0.116‰,δ¹⁸O为-5.391‰～-4.983‰、平均值-5.240‰,表明其形成于准同生阶段盐度较高的相对氧化环境中。架间充填的亮晶白云石胶结物,呈半自形—自形中细晶,具有昏暗的阴极发光或者不发光,较低的Na、K含量,较高的Fe含量,δ¹³C值为-0.662‰～-0.251‰、平均值为-0.460‰;δ¹⁸O值为-6.639‰～-5.939‰、平均值-6.267‰,表明其形成于相对还原的埋藏环境。稀土元素分析结果表明,二者均具有LREE轻微富集、HREE亏损、Eu负异常特征,与海相泥晶灰岩稀土元素配分模式相似,揭示了其白云化流体均来自于原始的海水。在溶蚀作用方面,亮晶白云石胶结物相对泥粉晶白云石藻格架更易于溶蚀。前者在大气水表生溶蚀过程中,主量元素Ca、Mg丢失显著,Mg/Ca值由0.955降至0.007,微量元素Na、K丢失相对明显,Na/Ca值由原来的3.8×10^-4降为1.9×10^-4,K/Ca值由1.1×10^-3降至检测限以下,而不改变稀土元素的配分模式。这些特征表明,表生溶蚀过程在元素特征上是一个去白云化的盐度降低过程,而这一过程中基本无稀土元素的带入带出。     

Investigations and assessment of the landslide hazards of Fengdu county in the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River

The spatial database of landslides in Fengdu County of the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project (TGP) on the Yangtze River was compiled from a variety of different sources including field investigations on landslides, existing catalogues and archives on landslides, reports of meteorological events and human engineering activities that triggered slope failures. The major factors that are found to have affected the slope stabilities are outlined, and an assessment and zonation of landslide hazards of the region is made using an integrated information model, which is divided into destructive, disastrous, likely disastrous and essentially non-disastrous areas from the assessment of landslide hazards. The destructive and disastrous areas are respectively 1.9 and 13.8% of the total region, mostly being nearby townships, highways along the south bank of the Yangtze River and residential quarters along two flanks of the Yangtze River and its distributaries, that will impose direct impact to highway transportation and residential lives, and may effect to some degree the navigation of the Yangtze River, reservoir banks, and building of cities and towns.     

遥感技术在植物物候研究中的应用综述

通过遥感技术研究植物物候现象的机理分析,认为植被指数可反映植被各物候期的特征。国内外在探测植物生长季始末日期、花期变化、净第一性生产力变化、全球碳收支等方面的研究促进了植物物候的发展;同样物候研究也可提高遥感影像植物分类和作物估产的精度,同时可促进高光谱遥感的发展。通过我国物候研究从传统的农林业应用转向注重遥感探测、生态学应用的现状分析,展望了我国物候发展方向：关注植物生长季始末时间的时空分布规律;遥感监测植物季相变化;遥感监测植物花期;注重探讨植物生理和生态特征;植物高光谱遥感物候研究;重视物候科普普及工作。     

2007-2019年山东省短时强降水时空分布特征

选用山东123个国家级地面气象观测站2007-2019年地面逐小时降水资料,分析短时强降水分布特征,主要结论如下:1)其间共有695个短时强降水日、3 337个短时强降水时次和6 257个短时强降水样本,基于排序法确定山东省极端短时强降水阈值为71.2 mm·h-1,鲁东南地区阈值最高,鲁中地区阈值最低.2)各站年均发...     

中扬子地区显生宙构造演化及其对油气系统的影响

中扬子地区作为南方海相油气勘探的重点战略区块 ,自基底形成至今 ,陆块南北经历了多期造山活动。其中 ,古生代以来的后四期造山作用控制与发育了区内海陆相四套含油气系统 ,加里东及印支早期造山作用利于原生海盆含油气系统的发育与形成 ;印支晚期—喜山期造山作用对其具有改造和破坏作用 ,但利于陆相含油气系统的形成。研究区海盆发育期形成的古隆起及其周缘斜坡带是海相残留盆地油气运聚与保存的有利场所     

内蒙古霍林河煤田内蒙古拟刺葵(新种)Phoenicopsis (Phoenicopsis) neimengensis sp.nov.的首次发现

笔者首次发现了内蒙古霍林河煤田霍林河组(K1h)茨康类拟刺葵属拟刺葵亚属的一个新种—内蒙古拟刺葵(Phoenicopsis(Phoenicopsis)neimengensis sp.nov.)。该新种以表皮构造下气孔式,上表皮细胞未见乳突,下表皮普通表皮细胞发育中央乳突,气孔器副卫细胞多发育乳突,孔缝不定向等特征区别于拟刺葵属已知种。新种的研究对于了解拟刺葵属(Phoenicopsis)的分类,以及恢复古地理、古气候有重要作用。