冬季大鹏澳海域微表层浮游植物色素特征的日变化研究

于2013年12月3日清晨、正午、傍晚采集了大亚湾大鹏澳海域3个站位的微表层和次表层水样,经过三级分级过滤(小型:20μm;微型:2.7~20μm;微微型:2.7μm)后,对其进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)色素分析,通过藻类色素化学分类法(CHEMTAX)分析不同浮游植物对Chl a的贡献,研究了微表层及次表层光合色素粒径特征及浮游植物群落结构差异。结果表明,冬季大亚湾海域水体中存在的浮游植物光合色素主要有17种,以岩藻黄素和Chl a含量较高。微表层总Chl a平均浓度为0.797μg/L,略高于次表层的0.714μg/L,不存在显著性差异(P0.05);微表层和次表层Chl a含量清晨最高,傍晚次之,正午最低。微表层不同粒径浮游植物对Chl a的贡献率从大到小依次为小型、微型、微微型浮游植物,分别为80.7%,10.1%和9.2%。CHEMTAX分析结果得出,冬季该海域硅藻占绝对优势,甲藻、定鞭藻、青绿藻、蓝藻、隐藻所占比重相差不大。微表层中定鞭藻、青绿藻和蓝藻等较小粒径浮游植物种群所占比重高于次表层,说明相对于次表层,微表层中的浮游植物群落有小型化趋势。     

The Variability of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxies from the Pan-STARRS's View

By means of the data sets from the Pan-STARRS1 survey,we have systematically examined the relationship between the variability characteristics and the physical ...     

新疆OLR基本特征及强震前的异常现象

利用美国国家环境监测中心的NOAA卫星长波辐射(OLR)月际资料进行数据的月距平、涡度场计算等处理,总结分析了新疆地区长波辐射场的基本特征.对2003年以来新疆及其周边地区发生的中强震进行研究,发现在部分地震前震中及附近地区出现较明显的高值辐射异常,认为这种现象可能与强震前的地一气系统变化有关.应用OLR资料进行新疆地区的地震趋势预测研究可在一定程度上弥补前兆台网监测能力的不足.     

兰州市金城关断层的活动特征

金城关断层是兰州盆地北部边界的一条重要断层.野外地质调查和钻探资料证实,金城关断层断错在前寒武系变质岩和第三纪砂岩之间及早更新世砾岩之间,其活动时代为第四纪早期.沙井驿-白塔段和五一山段明确有断层存在,而青白石段和南坡坪段不存在断层,金城关断层的实际断层长度只有25km.     

哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井氦气（He）含量映震特征

介绍了哈萨克斯坦卡帕尔-阿拉善4号井的水文地球化学环境,分析其17年氦气（He）含量变化映震特征,氦气（He）变化的地震前兆异常表现为：上升（或下降）幅度、速率变化超出正常范围,具有较好的重复性,测值遵循的是,背景值－趋势性上升（或突升）,趋势性下降（或突降）－恢复至背景值的变化过程。将该井氦气（He）观测数据经过滤波、差分处理后,以3倍均方差作为异常识别标准,结果表明：氦气（He）对监测点周围300km范围5级地震、400km范围6级地震的对映率分别为100％、66．7％,是较好的地震前兆手段之一。     

刚性挡土墙主动土压力颗粒流模拟

将土体离散为具有滑动连接模型的刚性条块,用颗粒流PFC2D程序数值从细观力学角度模拟了墙体平移(T)、绕墙底转动(RB)和绕墙顶转动(RT)位移模式下不同位移大小时刚性挡土主动土压力分布。模拟结果表明：刚性挡墙主动土压力非线性分布、墙土间外摩擦角和土体剪切角或内摩擦角对土压力有很大影响;墙体绕顶部转动时,大约0.3倍墙高以上的主动土压力大于静止土压力产生土拱效应;模拟计算值与模型试验实测数据吻合比较好,具有一定的理论价值。     

近30年来中国铁路运输重心空间演变轨迹分析

利用1978-2005年的铁路运输数据,从客运量、客运周转量、货运量和货运周转量4个方面,对我国铁路运输的重心空间变化进行了测定和分析.结果发现:(1)客运量重心在逐步向西、南方向移动,其中向西移动了2°,向南移动了2.6°,揭示了我国铁路客运周转量在南北和东西方向上的差距有所减小,且南北方向差距减小的速度要比东西方向快.(2)客运周转量重心呈直线形逐步向西南方向移动,其中,重心向西移动了2.3°,向南移动了2.9°,揭示了我国铁路客运周转量在南北和东西方向上的差距有所减小,且南北方向差距减小的速度要比东西方向快.(3)货运量重心在向西南方向移动但波动较大.(4)货运周转量重心变化轨迹略呈指数型,自1978年以来重心在逐步向西南方向移动,其中,重心向西移动了2.6°,向南移动了1.2°,揭示了货运周转量差异在东西和南北方向上都有所减小,且东西差异减小速度要比南北差异减小的快.     

1208-1369年陕甘宁交界地区干湿变化

More than 240 items of historical records containing climatic information were retrieved from official historical books, local chronicles, annals and regional meteorological disaster yearbooks. By using moisture index and flood/drought (F/D) index obtained from the above information, the historical climate change, namely wet-dry conditions in borderland of Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (BSGN, mainly included Ningxialu, Hezhoulu, Gongchanglu, Fengyuanlu and Yan’anlu in the Yuan Dynasty) was studied. The results showed that the climate of the region was generally dry and the ratio between drought and flood disasters was 85/38 during the period of 1208–1369. According to the frequencies of drought-flood disasters, the whole period could be divided into three phases. (1) 1208–1240: drought dominated the phase with occasional flood disasters. (2) 1240–1320: long-time drought disasters and extreme drought events happened frequently. (3) 1320–1369: drought disasters were less severe when flood and drought disasters happened alternately. Besides, the reconstructed wet-dry change curve revealed obvious transition and periodicity in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The transitions occurred in 1230 and 1325. The wet-dry change revealed 10- and 23-year quasi-periods which were consistent with solar cycles, indicating that solar activity had affected the wet-dry conditions of the study region in the Mongol-Yuan Period. The reconstructed results were consistent with two other study results reconstructed from natural evidences, and were similar to another study results from historical documents. All the above results showed that the climate in BSGN was characterized by long-time dry condition with frequent severe drought disasters during 1258 to 1308. Thus, these aspects of climatic changes might have profound impacts on local vegetation and socio-economic system.     

Present and Late Pleistocene equilibrium line altitudes in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China

According to the glacial landforms and deposits with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results, two glacial stages of the last glacial cycle (LGC) and Late Glacial were identified. The Late Glacial stage (Meteorological Station glacier advance) took place about 11 ka (11.3±1.2 ka), and the last glacial maximum (LGM), named Black Wind Mouth glacier advance, occurred at 20 ka (20.0±2.1 ka). Based on the Ohmura’s formula in which there is a relationship between summer (JJA) atmospheric temperature (T) and the annual precipitation (P) at ELA, the present theoretical equilibrium line altitude (ELAt) in Changbai Mountains was 3380±100 m. Six methods of accumulation–area ratio (AAR), maximum elevation of lateral moraines (MELM), toe–to headwall altitude ratios (THAR), the terminal to summit altitudinal (TSAM), the altitude of cirque floor (CF), and the terminal to average elevation of the catchment area (Hofer) were used for calculation of the former ELAs in different stages. These methods provided the ELA for a range of 2250–2383 m with an average value of 2320±20 m during the LGM, which is 200 m higher than the value of previous investigation. The snowlines during the Late Glacial are 2490 m on northern slope, and 2440 m on western slope. The results show that the snowline on northern slope is 50 m higher than that on western slope during the Late Glacial, and the average snowline is 2465m. The ELA △ values were more than 1000 m during the LGM, and about 920 m lower than now during the Late Glacial stage respectively. Compared with Taiwanese and Japanese mountains in East Asia during the LGM, the effect of the uplift on ELA in Changbai Mountains during the glaciations (i.e. 20 m uplift in the LGM and 11 m in the Late Glacial) is not obvious.