STONE KNIFE'S FUNCTION: SIMULATION EXPERIMENT VIA STARCH GRAIN ANALYSIS

淀粉粒分析在国内外环境考古学研究中得到了大量应用,但是目前国内还没有关于淀粉粒分析、石器功能与植物利用关系的现代过程研究.本研究针对石刀这一新石器时代重要的生产和生活工具开展现代过程的模拟实验,尝试利用淀粉粒分析方法验证石刀功能及其加工的植物类型.我们利用打制的简易石片模拟石刀,对未成熟和成熟的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)进行了共两次割穗操作,提取并观察石片割穗后不同部位表面残留物中的淀粉粒形态及其组合.实验结果表明,石片表面残留物中的淀粉粒主要来源于小麦秸秆;小麦秸秆淀粉粒的A型和B型淀粉粒(未成熟和成熟小麦秸秆淀粉粒——A+B型淀粉粒,含量分别为90.91％和92.59％)分别与其成熟籽粒的A型和B型淀粉粒形态、大小相似,具备形态鉴定的特征;小麦秸秆中还发现了独特的多面体型淀粉粒(未成熟和成熟小麦秸秆多面体型淀粉粒含量分别为9.09％和7.41％),这是小麦种子中缺少的类型.根据本次现代实验模拟的结果,考古遗址出土石刀上提取到的淀粉粒很可能来自于植物收割(或切削)过程的残留物,结合淀粉粒分析、石刀形制和出土状况进行分析,可以获取出土石刀功能与古人类植物利用的信息.     

瞬时频率属性在沉积相研究中的应用-以白音查干凹陷西部腾格尔组为例

利用白音查干地区的测井、录井及地震资料。通过定性、定量两种手段进行瞬时频率与岩性的相关性分析,认为瞬时频率能够较好的区分砂泥岩。当砂岩百分比小于0.12时,瞬时频率属性为低频;当砂岩百分比为0.16～0.33时,瞬时频率为高频。通过瞬时频率切片与沉积相平面展布图对比分析发现,不同相类型的砂体在瞬时频率切片中具有明显不同的特征,辫状河三角洲砂体表现为沿物源方向延伸的枝状或朵状中高频区,滩砂表现为不规则滩状的高频区,坝砂在盆地边缘呈高频带状分布。此外,瞬时频率还可以进行物源分析、三角洲朵叶体识别和扇体叠置识别,是进行沉积体系、砂体展布和储层预测等方面研究的重要手段。     

新疆小拐地区二叠系佳木河组裂缝分布规律探讨

通过对新疆小拐地区二叠系佳木河组,17口井的岩心观测、测井解释裂缝以及其中14口井200余个薄片鉴定分析,结合区域构造演化分析,认为该区裂缝主要为区域性的构造缝,为多次地质作用叠加改造的结果,裂缝倾角主要以≥75°的直立缝为主,所占比例超过75％,总体特征表现为裂缝延伸较长(大于20 cm),裂缝宽度主要集中在0.1mm～1 mm之间,所占比例达60％以上,裂缝密度多数在0.6条/米～0.8条/米,未充填裂缝所占比例为90.5％,占绝对优势;工区裂缝主要受岩性和层厚的控制,裂缝主要发育在细砾岩、砂砾岩和薄层含砾砂岩中,根据研究区的实际情况,综合利用地质认识、古构造应力反演、相干数据体处理对裂缝分布规律进行再认识,预测裂缝发育带.最终对这3种方法进行权重分析及裂缝的综合评价表明:裂缝主要发育在G102-G5-G105、CP3-G103、G9井区、G13及G3井、C502-C67-C501及其南部,总体上呈片状或扇形展布.     

泰国东北呵叻府苏拉娜里地区新生代硅化木及其古环境意义

摘要: 泰国东北部新生代硅化木十分丰富且保存完好。经对23 件木化石标本研究,已鉴定出真双子叶植物6 科7 属约13 种,包括Canarium sp． ( Burseraceae) ; Terminalia sp． vel Combretum sp． ,Terminalia sp． ( Combretaceae) ; cf． Irvingia sp． ( Irvingiaceae) ; Cynometroxylon holdeni,Cynometroxylon sp． ,cf． Cynometroxylon spp． ,cf． Millettia spp． ( Leguminosae) ; Careya spp. ( Lecythidaceae) ; Azadirachta sp． ( Meliaceae) ; 以及其他4 个分类群( 分类位置待定) 。这些高度分化的古植物群显示出与泰国东北部现存的混合落叶林、干旱阔叶林和干旱常绿林非常相似的特征,反映了该地区当时的古气候是近于湿润的热带疏林草原气候( 热带干湿气候) 。     

铁厂—石缸河锡钨矿带成矿模式及找矿潜力

矿床(点)定位于岩浆岩内外接触带及断裂构造较为发育的背斜核部。成矿带内有漕涧—志本山—瓦古等北北西向钨、锡、铅、锌、铜化探异常带,多与现有的钨锡矿床(点)对应良好;对形成构造控制高温热液矿床具有有利条件。     

钾盐泥浆体系在吉林壳牌油页岩勘探中的应用

我公司首次由地质岩芯钻探进入石油钻探领域,在敦化1、2井的失败中吸取经验教训,研制出了钾盐-聚合物钻井液,并在吉林伊通、农安2个矿区约2375 m的钻探施工中,孔壁稳定,孔内无事故,钻进效率显著提高的情况下,岩芯采取率均达98％以上。我公司在吉林壳牌公司油页岩勘探中主要存在泥岩、砂岩、页岩、粘土岩这四种类型的地层,且层位厚薄不均,各岩层互换频繁（0~1000 m换层58次之多）,均为较软的、水敏性强的地层,要想顺利钻进,泥浆的性能是成败的关键。     

Causes of landslide recurrence in a loess platform with respect to hydrological processes

Irrigation-induced landslide is a recurring problem in the Heifangtai loess platform of northwest China. The landslide sites are characterized by a concave topography. Numerical modeling indicates that the groundwater table at the past-landslide site rises more quickly than the other natural platform borders under irrigation conditions. This is consistent with the field observations that seepage of the groundwater appeared in the hollow is higher than that of lateral slopes. In order to investigate the response of soil behavior due to rise in groundwater table, stress-path tests were performed on undisturbed specimens. It has been observed that the increase in pore water pressure in loess can trigger soil liquefaction and eventually results in landslide. Hence, the concave past-landslide site is much more prone to landsliding, which contributed to the landslide recurrence.     

Stable isotope geochemistry of dissolved chloride in relation to hydrogeology of the strongly exploited Quaternary aquifers,North China Plain

Deep Quaternary groundwater is the main source for industrial, domestic, and agricultural water supply in the North China Plain (NCP). There is currently a regional decline of groundwater levels, deterioration of water quality and environmental geological problems induced by increasing exploitation of the NCP Quaternary aquifer system. To trace sources and transport processes of dissolved Cl⁻ in a regional aquifer system and to reveal hydrogeological characteristics of Quaternary complexes, δ³⁷Cl, δ¹⁸O and δD, and chemical compositions (including F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻) of the deep groundwater sampled from the northern flow system of the NCP were measured along the west–east groundwater flow paths. The measured δ³⁷Cl values decreased from 0.39‰ to −2.22‰ (SMOC) along the groundwater flow direction, with increasing Cl⁻ concentrations. Marine aerosol input via rainfall is the main source of Cl⁻ in the deep groundwater near the recharge areas, and subsequent evaporation/evapotranspiration appears to be responsible for Cl⁻ accumulation. Mixing of recharge water with water of high-Cl⁻ and low-δ³⁷Cl accounts for the pattern of δ³⁷Cl and Cl⁻ concentration observed in Aquifer-3 along the west–east transect. The water with high-Cl and low-δ³⁷Cl is likely from pore water released from compacted clays induced by over-exploitation of deep groundwater, suggesting that clay is a dominant subsurface source of Cl⁻ for groundwater where a regional depression cone is present in the Quaternary aquifers. The groundwater of Aquifer-4 in the Huang-Hua depression is potentially mixed with an upward flux of Cl⁻ from the Neogene aquifer through subvertical faults. Diffusion and ion filtration are two mechanisms invoked to explain the highly negative δ³⁷Cl data for groundwater of Aquifer-4 in the Yanshan–Haixing areas, which provides new insight into solute migration and the hydraulic relationship in the strongly exploited groundwater system. This study using the conservative solute Cl⁻ provides additional important information for further investigations of the geochemistry of a wide range of reactive solutes in the Quaternary aquifer system, so guiding water resource management.     

高分辨率遥感影像在新疆塔什库尔干地区沉积变质型铁矿勘查中的应用

采用Worldview-2、Quickbird高辨率分数据及Aster数据,开展了新疆塔什库尔干地区的沉积变质型铁矿遥感综合研究工作。在对研究区开展高分辨率遥感影像特征、遥感异常等成矿信息综合分析的基础上,以老并一赞坎铁矿区为例,建立了区域沉积变质型铁矿的遥感找矿模型,并利用该模型选择塔萨拉地区作为成矿有利地段进行了深入细致的研究,圈定了塔萨拉地区矿化蚀变带的分布范围。研究成果表明在布伦阔勒岩群南部的塔萨拉地区具有较好的寻找沉积变质型铁矿的前景。     

纯油条件下合成碳酸盐岩烃类包裹体及其捕获机制探讨

设计了在接近实际储层温压条件下,流体介质为纯原油时在冰洲石中合成烃类包裹体的实验。合成样品的显微观察及荧光分析证实实验成功合成了烃类包裹体,实验证明油气对晶体生长和包裹体的形成有抑制作用,但不会终止其形成,纯油条件晶体仍能生长捕获包裹体,水并不是矿物生长捕获烃类包裹体的必须条件。结合矿物润湿性实验及前人研究将碳酸盐岩烃类包裹体捕获机制归纳为3种情况:油水共存(水润湿)、油水共存(油润湿)及纯油条件。水润湿条件下由水溶液提供矿物质来源,较易形成包裹体; 油润湿条件下由水溶液和油中的极性组分共同提供矿物质来源; 纯油条件下由原油中的极性组分和裂解产生的有机酸提供物源,形成烃类包裹体较少,晶体生长受到抑制。