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101.
Thibaut Lery CÉline Combet Gareth Murphy Luke O. C. Drury 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):375-378
As network performance has outpaced computational power and storage capacity, a new paradigm has evolved to enable the sharing
of geographically distributed resources. This paradigm is known as Grid computing and aims to offer access to distributed
resource irrespective of their physical location. Many national, European and international projects have been launched during
the last years trying to explore the Grid and to change the way we are doing our everyday work. In Ireland, we have started
the CosmoGrid project that is a collaborative project aimed to provide high performance super-computing environments. This
will help to address complex problems such as magnetohydrodynamic outflows and jets in order to model and numerically simulate
them. Indeed, the numerical modeling of plasma jets requires massive computations, due to the wide range of spatial-temporal
scales involved. We present here the first jet simulations and their corresponding models that could help to understand results
from laboratory experiments. 相似文献
102.
103.
Sub-grid scale parameterisation of 2D hydrodynamic models of inundation in the urban area 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents preliminary results from a study considering the parameterisation of coarse-grid 2D flood models to take
into account sub-grid scale flow patterns occurring in the urban area. A simulation of a severe flood in an urbanized coastal
floodplain is first run using a fine grid that can resolve the flow around and between buildings. Next, the same model is
run again using the same underlying topography, although stripped from any buildings, and a set of 7 values of the roughness
parameter (Manning’s n), all larger than (or equal to) the value used in the original run. A further set of simulations is carried out using a five-fold
increased grid cell size. It is found that while it may be possible to model the overall effects of the buildings using strongly
increased roughness parameter values, using a coarse grid otherwise has implications related to the loss of information about
the site topography that results in flood flow routes being incorrectly modelled. 相似文献
104.
Gareth S. Jones Jonathan M. Gregory Peter A. Stott Simon F. B. Tett Robert B. Thorpe 《Climate Dynamics》2005,25(7-8):725-738
Volcanic ‘super-eruptions’ have been suggested to have significantly influenced the Earth’s climate, perhaps causing glaciations
and impacting on the human population. Climatic changes following a hypothetical ‘super-eruption’ are simulated using a coupled
atmosphere ocean general circulation model, incorporating scaled volcanic stratospheric aerosols. Assumptions are made about
the stratospheric sulphate aerosol loading, size distribution, lifetime, chemical make up and spatial distribution. As this
study is concentrating on the physical climatological impacts over long timescales, microphysics and chemical interactive
processes are not simulated. Near-surface temperatures fall by as much as 10 K globally for a few months and a considerable
deviation from normal temperatures continues for several decades. A warming pattern is evident over northern land masses during
the winter due to increased longwave forcing and a positive AO mode. The overturning rate of the North Atlantic thermohaline
circulation doubles in intensity. Snow and ice increases in extent to a maximum coverage of 35% of the Earth. Despite these
and other impacts longer term climatic changes that could lead to a transition to a glaciation do not occur, for present day
boundary conditions and one possible plausible aerosol loading. 相似文献
105.
This paper presents the current progress of the River Level Monitoring using GPS Heighting (RiGHt) project. The aim of the
project is to develop an integrated system to allow the continuous monitoring of river heights using a buoy equipped with
Global Positioning System (GPS) and satellite communications and using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques. ?
2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
Simon J. Nicol Valerie Allain Graham M. Pilling Jeff Polovina Marta Coll Johann Bell Paul Dalzell Peter Sharples Robert Olson Shane Griffiths Jeffrey M. Dambacher Jock Young Antony Lewis John Hampton Jesus Jurado Molina Simon Hoyle Karine Briand Nic Bax Patrick Lehodey Peter Williams 《Climatic change》2013,119(1):131-145
Climate change presents an emerging challenge to the sustainable management of tuna fisheries, and robust information is essential to ensure future sustainability. Climate and harvest affect tuna stocks, populations of non-target, dependent species and the ecosystem. To provide relevant advice we need an improved understanding of oceanic ecosystems and better data to parameterise the models that forecast the impacts of climate change. Currently ocean-wide data collection in the Pacific Ocean is primarily restricted to oceanographic data. However, the fisheries observer programs that operate in the region offer an opportunity to collect the additional information on the mid and upper trophic levels of the ecosystem that is necessary to complement this physical data, including time-series of distribution, abundance, size, composition and biological information on target and non-target species and mid trophic level organisms. These observer programs are in their infancy, with limited temporal and spatial distribution but recent international and national policy decisions have been made to expand their coverage. We identify a number of actions to initiate this monitoring including: consolidating collaborations to ensure the use of best quality data; developing consistency between sub-regional observer programmes to ensure that they meet the objectives of ecosystem monitoring; interrogating of existing time series to determine the most appropriate spatial template for monitoring; and exploring existing ecosystem models to identify suitable indicators of ecosystem status and change. The information obtained should improve capacity to develop fisheries management policies that are resilient and can be adapted to climate change. 相似文献
109.
Thomas M. Davison Fred J. Ciesla Gareth S. Collins Dirk Elbeshausen 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2014,49(12):2252-2265
Collisions between planetesimals in the early solar system were a common and fundamental process. Most collisions occurred at an oblique incidence angle, yet the influence of impact angle on heating in collisions is not fully understood. We have conducted a series of shock physics simulations to quantify oblique heating processes, and find that both impact angle and target curvature are important in quantifying the amount of heating in a collision. We find an expression to estimate the heating in an oblique collision compared to that in a vertical incidence collision. We have used this expression to quantify heating in the Rhealsilvia‐forming impact on Vesta, and find that there is slightly more heating in a 45° impact than in a vertical impact. Finally, we apply these results to Monte Carlo simulations of collisional processes in the early solar system, and determine the overall effect of impact obliquity from the range of impacts that occurred on a meteorite parent body. For those bodies that survived 100 Myr without disruption, it is not necessary to account for the natural variation in impact angle, as the amount of heating was well approximated by a fixed impact angle of 45°. However, for disruptive impacts, this natural variation in impact angle should be accounted for, as around a quarter of bodies were globally heated by at least 100 K in a variable‐angle model, an order of magnitude higher than under an assumption of a fixed angle of 45°. 相似文献
110.
Denise C. Gabuzda Elizaveta A. Rastorgueva Paul S. Smith Shane P. O'Sullivan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(4):1596-1602
We investigate the relationship between the optical and radio emission of active galactic nuclei (AGN) by analysing optical and 15+22+43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) polarization observations simultaneous to within a day for 11 BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects and the blazar 3C279. We have determined and corrected for the Faraday rotation measures in the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) cores, enabling us to compare the intrinsic (zero-wavelength) VLBI-core polarization angles and the optical polarization angles χopt . A clear alignment between these two angles emerges in the transition toward higher radio frequencies, and a prominent peak at 0° is visible in the distribution of |χopt −χ43 GHz |. This correlation implies that the magnetic-field orientations in the regions giving rise to the optical and radio polarization are the same, and can be easily understood if the radio and optical polarization are roughly cospatial. It is difficult to rule out the possibility that they arise in different regions in a straight jet with a uniform magnetic-field structure, but this seems less likely, since the VLBI jets of AGN are often bent on parsec-scales. This may suggest that much or all of the strong optical polarization in these sources arises in the inner radio jets, possibly associated with the formation and emergence of compact new VLBI components. 相似文献