南翼山富钾锂卤水储层识别方法

油井调查显示,在柴达木西部以南翼山为代表的储油构造区,广泛分布含钾、锂等有用元素的深层卤水,在古近纪?新近纪不同层位均有分布,具有极大的社会经济价值.根据构造及地层岩性特征,认为卤水储存空间为孔隙、裂隙型,由于南翼山地区含水层在声波测井曲线中响应特征并不明显,传统以声波测井为约束条件的波阻抗反演技术难以有效识别卤水储层...     

川中磨溪—高石梯地区下寒武统龙王庙组层序格架内滩体的发育演化特征及对储层的控制

川中磨溪—高石梯地区龙王庙组可划分为两个三级层序。通过大量岩心、薄片以及测井资料综合分析,磨溪—高石梯地区龙王庙期整体属于局限台地沉积,可划分为台内滩、滩间洼地以及潟湖亚相。以台内滩颗粒含量、沉积构造以及单层滩体沉积厚度为基础,结合测井响应特征分析,将台内滩划分为滩核、滩翼以及白云岩坪等微相,并建立了台内滩的3种典型沉积序列:滩翼—滩核—白云岩坪、潟湖—滩间洼地—台内滩,以及滩间洼地—台内滩。层序格架内台内滩的纵横向发育特征表明:SQ_2时期较SQ_1时期更为发育,滩体单层厚度和总厚度均较大,层序界面附近的滩核—白云岩坪沉积序列上部为最有利的储层发育相带。     

Validation of MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields for monitoring deforestation and forest degradation: two cases in Mexico

This study assesses whether MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields percent tree cover (PTC) data can detect deforestation and forest degradation. To assess the usefulness of PTC for detecting deforestation, we used a data set consisting of eight forest and seven non-forest categories. To evaluate forest degradation, we used data from two temperate forest types in three conservation states: primary (dense), secondary (moderately degraded) and open (heavily degraded) forest. Our results show that PTC can differentiate temperate forest from non-forest categories (p = 0.05) and thus suggests PTC can adequately detect deforestation in temperate forests. In contrast, single-date PTC data does not appear to be adequate to detect forest degradation in temperate forests. As for tropical forest, PTC can partially discriminate between forest and non-forest categories.     

中元古界非叠层石灰岩中的MISS:以北京延庆千沟剖面高于庄组第三段为例

前寒武纪碳酸盐岩多以叠层石碳酸盐岩序列为特征。燕山地区中元古界高于庄组,其中的第三段(张家裕亚组)则为一个以灰岩为主、贫乏叠层石的碳酸盐岩沉积序列,该序列被定义为前寒武纪非叠层石碳酸盐岩序列。该非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,尤其以燕山西部的延庆千沟剖面最为典型。根据沉积相序列及其所反映的旋回性,可以将该剖面的高于庄组第三段划分为3个三级层序。在这些三级层序的海侵体系域和早期高水位体系域中,中薄层隐晶质泥晶灰岩(均一石灰岩)和灰黑色薄层泥灰岩组成若干潮下型米级旋回;而在隐晶质泥晶灰岩层面上,普遍发育各种奇形怪状的沉积构造。这些沉积构造包括穹窿状构造、规则网状和杂乱的帐篷脊、变余波痕等,构成一个潮下相灰岩层面上的特别的微生物形成的沉积构造(Microbial Induced Sedimentary Structure,MISS)组合。因此,延庆千沟剖面的高于庄组第三段,特别的岩石类型和沉积构造成为前寒武纪碳酸盐岩沉积中非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列的典型代表,尤其是那些奇形怪状的MISS所代表的沉积学特点表明:在前寒武纪,即使在叠层石生长的黄金时段,也发育非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列。因此,这些现象将特别有助于对前寒武纪非叠层石生态系所造成的另一类席底生境的深入理解,也有助于复杂多变的碳酸盐岩世界。     

伊乐藻—草鱼圈养复合生态系统中水生生物的变化和影响

从细菌、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和有机碎屑等几个方面分析了养鱼对伊乐藻种植区(以下简称为有草区)和无草区水域环境的影响。结果表明:两个区域存在着显著的差异性。有草区由于生长着茂密的水生植被,对环境压迫的缓冲能力增强,水生生物的群落结构较为稳定,物种多样性指数高于无草区,有机物的沉降速率也大大低于无草区。与此相比,无草区对环境压迫的缓冲能力较差,水体浮游植物数量增加,富营养化加剧。通过本项实验可以看出,人工种植伊乐藻对养鱼区水质有着明显地控制作用,是发展生态渔业的一条有效途径。     

Changes in material fluxes from the Changjiang River and their implications on the adjoining continental shelf ecosystem

This study aims to examine the changing patterns of Changjiang material fluxes, which are influenced by anthropogenic activities, and the resultant modifications to the coastal and shelf oceanographic conditions, and to propose future research about the effect of these changes on the estuarine and shelf ecosystem. Within the catchment basin of the Changjiang River, the construction of more than 48,000 dams has caused significant sediment discharge reduction, together with modifications to the timing of seasonal freshwater discharge. In the future, the mean freshwater discharge will decrease following the completion of the water-diverting project for water supply to northern China. At the same time, the riverine nutrient loadings (N and P) have increased due to the extensive use of chemical fertilizers and the large discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. These changes are modifying the oceanographic conditions of the estuarine and shelf waters. The flushing time for the river water becomes longer in wet seasons but shorter in dry seasons. An increase in salinity can be expected after the completion of the water-diverting project. Nutrient concentrations will be enhanced in the shelf waters. In contrast to the decrease in the suspended sediment concentration of the river water, field measurements have not shown well-defined patterns of changes within the estuary; nevertheless, net sediment accumulation and carbon burial rates would be reduced in the deltaic areas because of the reduced sediment discharge. Finally, increase in the nutrient input appears to enhance the primary production in the East China Sea region, which, in turn, may enhance the fishery catch.     

“明灯1号”人工爆破地震地磁效应场地试验

中国地震局地球物理研究所于2007年12月12日在河北省怀来县实施了"明灯1号"大当量人工爆破,目的是以人工震源开展地球深部结构探测及地球物理学相关研究.这无疑是开展地震地磁效应场地试验的机会.在人工震源周围数十千米范围内开展了地磁三分量重复测量和地磁总强度连续测量.初步分析结果显示了有意义的信息.测量过程和数据处理结果也验证了流动地震地磁观测具有可靠的精度.     

A simulation experimental study on oxidative kinetics of sphalerite under hypergene condition

The sphalerite oxidative kinetics under hypergene condition was simulated and studied by means of a mixed flow reactor over a pH range of 1.0 7.8,and at dissolution temperatures from 20 to 55℃,ferric ion concentrations from 1.0×10-5 to 1.0×10-2 mol/L,O 2 flux of 0.5 L/min,and oxidants of ferric ion and O 2.It is indicated that with ferric ion as oxidant,the oxidation rate of sphalerite increases with increasing ferric ion concentration,temperature and decreasing pH value,and under the studied conditions,the dissolution rates of Zn and Cd are approximately identical,with the values of activation energy being 41.75 and 42.51 kJ·mol-1,respectively,suggesting that the oxidation rate of sphalerite is controlled by chemical reactions on mineral surface.However,with O 2 as oxidant,the oxidation mechanism of sphalerite varies with pH value.Oxidation rate decreases with increasing pH value when pH is lower than 5.95,whereas the increase of pH value results in an increase in oxidation rate when pH value is higher than 7.The oxidation rate of sphalerite can be expressed as:R Zn =10 1.1663 [Fe3+] 0 0.154 ·[H+] 0.2659 ·e-41.75/RT or R Cd =10 1.7292 [Fe3+] 0 0.170 ·[H+] 0.2637 ·e-42.51/RT     

论内生金属矿床深部成矿预测地质模型的建立

建立各种地质模型是对内生金属矿床进行深部成矿预测的主要途径和重要方法.分别论述了构造控矿模型、矿化有序分布模型、工业矿体产状模型、矿床（体）空间展布模型及成矿作用动力学模型的主要内容和一般规律,并讨论了其应用的途径和方法.     

灰色系统理论在二连洪浩尔舒特凹陷储层评价中的应用

本文利用测井资料,依据测井地质评价油气储层的分析准则,提出灰色理论精细评价油气储层的处理方法和解释系统。通过二连洪浩尔舒特凹陷储层的精细评价和综合解释,取得了明显的效果。文中介绍了这一分析方法处理过程及实用效果。