氟苯尼考在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)疾病模型内的代谢动力学

为了解健康和疾病条件下药物在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)体内的代谢差异,在构建三疣梭子蟹溶藻弧菌疾病模型的基础上,按25mg/kg剂量分别给健康和患病三疣梭子蟹单次口灌氟苯尼考后,采用高效液相色谱法测定了其肝胰腺、肌肉和血浆中的药物浓度,药时数据应用3P97药代动力学软件拟合。结果显示:氟苯尼考在健康和患病条件下三疣梭子蟹相同组织中的药时曲线形态相似,三种组织的药时数据均符合带时滞的一级吸收二室开放模型;肝胰腺吸收药物最快,肌肉次之,血浆最慢;与健康组相比,患病蟹肝胰腺、肌肉、血浆三种组织对氟苯尼考的吸收和消除速度明显减慢,达峰时间推迟,半衰期延长,清除率减低,最高药物浓度下降,表观分布容积和药时曲线下总面积变大。说明疾病使氟苯尼考在三疣梭子蟹体内的吸收、分布、代谢和消除均发生了显著变化,建议患病三疣梭子蟹口服氟苯尼考的休药期至少10d。     

长心卡帕藻原生质体分离、培养研究

In this study, protoplasts were successfully isolated from Kappaphycus alvarezii using snail enzymes, abalone enzymes and cellulase. The optimum enzymic ratio was fixed to be 20% of abalone enzyme, 12% of cellulase and the osmotic stabilizer was 2.0 mol/L glucose. The optimum enzymic hydrolysis conditions were found to be dark enzymolysis at 30°C continuing for 4.0 h. The resultant density and yield of protoplasts achieved 32.60×104 mL-1, 65.20×104 g-1 tissue for Kappaphycus alvarezii. Finally, under the temperature of 20°C, light intensity of 1 500–2 000 lx and photoperiod of 12 h/d, two developmental pathways were investigated:(1) callus-like cell mass and regenerated plantlet occurred on protoplast;(2) young shoots and calluslike cell mass occurred in tissue blocks after enzymolysis.     

浒苔生物肥的制备及其对青菜品质影响的研究

以浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)为腐熟原料,利用EM-W菌剂,研究料水比和碳氮比(C/N)对浒苔腐熟的影响。将腐熟完全的浒苔配制成浒苔生物肥,研究其对青菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makino)品质的影响。结果表明,浒苔腐熟的最佳条件为料水比为1∶2.0、C/N为30∶1。此条件下,浒苔腐熟最高温度到64℃,45℃以上温度维持4~5d,具有升温迅速、温度高、周期短、组织降解彻底、无明显臭味的特点。在种植青菜过程中,施用5t/hm2的浒苔生物肥,相比对照处理组,青菜的鲜重、还原糖和β-胡萝卜素含量分别增加14.4%、25.0%和20.3%,显著增加了青菜的产量、提高了青菜的品质。浒苔肥的利用可减少无机化肥的施用量,改善土壤环境,达到减轻土壤环境污染的目的。     

A comparative study of intensive Litopenaeus vannamei culture on four bottom substrates without water change

The effect of four bottom substrates, oyster shell powder (OP), sugarcane bagasse (SB), a mixture of OP and SB (OS) and fresh soil (FS), on the water quality and bacterial and zooplankton density of intensive shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture tanks without water change and the growth performance of cultured shrimp were compared in this study. At the end of a 110 days culturing trial, the total ammonium-N (TAN) of the water on SB and the nitrite nitrogen (NO₂-N) on OS was significantly lower than that on the other substrates (P<0.05), which coincided with the high density of ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the water on SB and OS, respectively. The concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) increased slowly on OP, SB and OS but remained low on FS. The density of total bacteria on OP, SB and OS was one order of magnitude higher than that on FS, and the density of zooplankton on SB and OS was significantly higher than that on FS or OP (P<0.05). The improved water quality and increased density of bacteria and zooplankton on SB and OS may have had a synergistic effect on shrimp culture, improving its growth performance (high survival rate and yield and low feed conversion rate). SB and OS were more effective for improving the growth performance of intensively cultured L. vannamei without water change than OP and FS. To our knowledge, this study presents the first evidence regarding the effect of different bottom substrates on intensive shrimp culture.     

破头青断裂水旺庄矿区矿床地质特征及找矿方向

破头青断裂为招(远)-平(度)断裂带东北段,为区内一级控矿断裂。通过论述水旺庄矿区地质特征,总结破头青断裂深部控矿特征,证实该区矿体严格受构造蚀变带控制,新发现的②号蚀变带,与破头青构造蚀变带叠加,合成一个垂直厚度达700m的构造蚀变带。②号蚀变带发育以灰黑色断层泥为标志的断裂面;分带明显,蚀变带中心为黄铁绢英岩质碎裂岩。该带稳定性较好,且蚀变规模较大,控制矿体连续性较好,深部沿倾斜方向均未封闭。深部找矿前景巨大。     

基于MATLAB图像处理的汽车牌照识别研究

汽车牌照识别是智能交通领域的重要研究课题,整个过程主要分为预处理、车牌定位、字符分割、字符识别4个环节。用MATLAB软件编写代码实现每一个过程,有效地解决恶劣环境下的车牌定位、字符倾斜、字符分割等复杂问题,结果表明MATLAB在彩色汽车牌照的识别中十分有效。     

绿藻浒苔多元化应用研究进展

浒苔营养物质全面且含量丰富,藻体适应性强、光合效率高、生长速度快,是一种非常理想的生物材料。本文对近些年来浒苔在食品、饲料、活性物质开发、生物质能源研究、生态修复等方面的应用进行综述,为浒苔资源的充分利用与进一步开发提供可借鉴的理论和实践方面的科学依据。     

山东省近岸海域沉积物类型及变化趋势

文章依据山东省近岸海域表层沉积物调查资料,分析了沉积物粒度的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果显示:2020年,山东省近岸海域表层沉积物粒径总体呈由近岸向远海逐渐变小的趋势,其中,粉砂含量最高,平均66.45%;砂次之,平均26.78%;黏土含量较低,平均6.77%。沉积物不同粒级组分具有明显的空间分布差异性,类型包含粉砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂,以粉砂为主,占调查站位的61.9%。2016—2020年,山东省近岸海域表层沉积物整体呈现粗化的趋势,其中,日照、青岛、潍坊和滨州近岸海域粗化趋势较为明显,东营次之,烟台和威海粗化程度最低。沉积物粒度时空特征的主要影响因素包含物源、区域水动力条件(如,渤海和黄海海流、山东省沿岸流等)及沿海海岸工程建设情况,具体的影响机制仍需进一步调查研究。本研究成果可以为山东省近岸海域底质类型变化分析和海岸带保护与利用提供参考。     

ZIFs型金属有机框架材料在水处理混合基质膜中的应用进展

传统分离膜因存在渗透性和选择性相互制约、孔隙率低、膜孔尺寸不易控制、化学稳定性和热稳定性差等缺点,在诸多领域应用中受到限制。为了克服上述缺点,目前最有效的方法之一是在膜材料中掺入某些特定纳米材料作为分散相来构筑新型混合基质膜,以增强分离膜的分离性能,同时赋予抗污染性能、高强度等。沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(ZIFs)作为金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)的重要子类,具有独特的孔结构、优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性,是一类构筑混合基质膜的高性能分散相材料。本文主要对应用于水处理领域的ZIFs型混合基质膜及制备方法进行了归类和介绍,并以分离性能和运行稳定性为指标,对ZIFs在膜中掺杂的有效性进行了评估;其次概述了其在脱盐、染料废水处理、重金属离子、大分子蛋白质去除等领域的应用进展;最后总结了ZIFs型混合基质膜材料在科学研究和工程应用中存在的问题,对其今后的发展做出了展望。