Heat oscillation in the upper ocean of the southern South China Sea

Data used in this study are temperature/depth profiles taken over the upper 400 m of the ocean in the southern South China Sea (4°-14° N, 106°-120° E) for the period 1961-1973. The data are analyzed on the grid 2 (latitude) by 2 (longitude) in space and bimonthly in time. The vertically averaged temperature (TAV) over the upper 100 m of the ocean is calculated as the estimate of the heat content in the upper ocean.The TAV is cooler in the northwest region of the study area and warmer in the southeast in the annual and seasonal mean figures. The first EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) of anomalous TAV accounts for 41 % of the total variance for the period 1961-1973. The time function associated with it displays a significant interannual changes in the heat content, with 2-4 a oscillation period and associated with the ENSO events. During ENSO event TAV increases with the tendency of increasing towards equator along the basin. This anomalous states also exist in the water layers below 100 m depth. T     

冲绳海槽浮岩岩浆活动模式浅析

本文根据部冲绳海槽的地下结构、地温场特征、以及浮岩中斑晶矿物的结晶温度和榴辉岩的熔融相关系等，综合分析了冲绳海槽酸性浮岩岩浆的活动模式。提出：在冲绳海槽中部和东部地下１５ｋｍ以下的地幔物质部分熔融、产生橄榄拉斑玄武质岩浆，而在海槽中部地壳一结构层中（７－１５ｋｍ）熔融产生少量安山质岩浆。因此，在冲绳海槽地下存在有双层岩浆房结构，并且二者之间中部有岩浆通道。来自地幔的拉斑玄武质岩资源下部地壳中一方面     

陡峭S形柔性管初始形状计算

本文采用悬链线方程的解，推导出陡峭Ｓ形柔形管初始形状的计算公式，计算出柔性管的初始形状、张力和弯矩，与国外资料的实例计算进行对比表明，结果相当一致。     

珠江口台风增水对热带气旋参数改变的反响

通过计算，研究热带风暴中心气压下降示度、最大风速半径、热带气旋登陆地点、热带气旋登陆时的入射角、热带气旋移动速度等参数改变条件下，珠江口５个测站风暴潮的变化。结果表明，各站的反响很不一致，在风暴潮预报中对地形的特点、热带气旋移动速度及热带气旋登陆地点等应给予足够的重视。     

An Overview of Researches on Land-Atmosphere Interaction over Semi-Arid Region Under Global Changes

The semi-arid region, as a key part of global land, plays an important role in climate change. In the process of modern climate change, the semi-arid region is significantly affected by local human activities, showing remarkable expansion and obvious decadal variations. In this paper, we summarized the studies of the land-atmosphere interaction in the semi-arid regions in recent years, and major land surface observation plans. We put emphasis on energy balance, water cycle, carbon cycle in land-atmosphere interaction of climate change, and their performance in historical simulation and future prediction. The prediction results illustrate that new character of land-atmosphere interaction will appear as the drying of drylands in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of land-atmosphere interaction and move forward energetically on research in regional climate from different aspects.     

The application of HVSR method in detecting sediment thickness in karst collapse area of Pearl River Delta,China

The microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR, or H/V spectral ratio) method is an effective tool for detecting sediment thickness. Firstly, single-station microtremor measurements were taken beside 52 boreholes located in Pearl River Delta, China. Sediment thicknesses revealed by those boreholes range from 7.9 to 39.6 m. Then, those microtremor data were analyzed using HVSR method, and peak frequency of each site was extracted. According to those peak frequencies of HVSR and corresponding sediment thicknesses, the frequency-to-thickness fitting (f–Z) equation which is suitable for Pearl River Delta area was established. And this equation was compared with several fitting equations derived from different regions by other researchers. Finally, this fitting equation was applied in a collapse area in Guangzhou city to estimate site sediment thickness. Compared with data from five boreholes in this collapse area, the consistency between estimated sediment thickness and real value was relatively good. Karst sinkholes are generally located in regions where thickness of sediments is shallow. Therefore, the method described in this paper can provide support for delineating potential collapse areas.     

Application of seismic velocity tomography in investigation of karst collapse hazards,Guangzhou, China

This paper describes seismic velocity tomography applied to the investigation and assessment of karst collapse hazards to facilitate accurate characterization of geological conditions of karst sinkhole formation. In the survey areas of Xiamao, Guangzhou, China, and Huangchi, Foshan, China, seismic velocity tomography was used to explore the structures of rock and soil associated with karst collapse. The results show that sand intercalated with clay or clay intercalated with soft soil dominates the cover of these two areas. The overburden is 20–33 m thick and underlain by Carboniferous limestone. In the limestone, there are well-developed karst caves and cracks as well as highly fluctuating bedrock surfaces. The seismic velocities are less than 2500 m/s in the cover, 2500–4500 m/s in the karst fracture zones and caves of Xiamao, and 1500–2000 m/s in the Huangchi collapse area. The karst fracture zones, relief of bedrock surfaces, and variations of soil thicknesses revealed by seismic velocity tomography are well constrained and in agreement with those in the drilling borehole profiles. This paper demonstrates that seismic velocity tomography can delineate anomalies of rock and soil with the advantages of speed, intuitive images, and high resolution.     

Analytical solutions for constant-rate test in bounded confined aquifers with non-Darcian effect

This paper proposes a simplified analytical solution considering non-Darcian and wellbore storage effect to investigate the pumping flow in a confined aquifer with barrier and recharge boundaries. The mathematical modelling for the pumping-induced flow in aquifers with different boundaries is developed by employing image-well theory with the superposition principle, of which the non-Darcian effect is characterized by Izbash’s equation. The solutions are derived by Boltzmann and dimensionless transformations. Then, the non-Darcian effect and wellbore storage are especially investigated according to the proposed solution. The results show that the aquifer boundaries have non-negligible effects on pumping, and ignoring the wellbore storage can lead to an over-estimation of the drawdown in the first 10 minutes of pumping. The higher the degree of non-Darcian, the smaller the drawdown.     

P波极性资料确定的2022青海门源MS6.9地震序列震源机制及应力场

为研究2022年门源M_S6.9地震的发震构造及构造应力场特征,文章先搜集了1月8—30日M≥1.9地震事件的P波初动符号,基于P波初动极性反演震源机制解的方法,得出66个地震的震源机制解,参考水平应变花面应变对地震震源机制的划分原则进行分类,虽然震源机制分布类型较广,但走滑类震源机制超过半数,表明此次地震序列以走滑为主;然后基于得到的震源机制解,利用网格搜索法反演该区构造应力场,得到研究区内呈NEE-SWW向挤压,NNW-SSE向拉张;主震震源机制P和T轴与所处的应力区应力方向相近;最后模拟研究了主震震源机制与应力体系的关系,得到此次地震是在构造应力场作用下沿最优节面破裂的,可视其为该区域应变能积累后的一次正常释放。该研究对后续的发震机制和地球动力学分析具有参考意义。