2006年广安特大伏旱成因分析

从青藏高原积雪以及北半球极涡面积指数、海温等方面对广安2006年特大伏旱的气候成因进行了分析,指出冬春青藏高原积雪,北半球极涡面积指数、海温等对广安伏旱预测有重要指示意义.     

射线交点法在煤矿地测信息系统绘制任意切剖面时的应用

将点在多边形内的检测常用算法———射线交点法,应用到封闭区域钻孔的搜索中,并对任意切剖面时钻孔的搜索技术进行了深入的探讨。     

The impacts of urbanization on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region

The accelerated urbanization has resulted in new soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region since the 1980s. A concept of urban erosion and its impacts on environment are discussed. The experimental studies and field investigations show that those loose silt and earth piles formed by urban construction can be eroded seriously: Under stormy rain, the amount of sediment from steep man-dumped slope is 10.8–12.2 times that of from uncovered slope land; the result of experiments with the wind tunnel also shows that the damage to the surface structure of dry loess can cause serious soil erosion by wind in some cities of the region. Even if in the urban built-up area, there are many loose sandy soil, mud and silt, which are washed into rivers by city’s ground flow in the rainy season. So, anthropogenically induced soil erosion has made soil erosion more serious around the urban areas. And the urban eroded environment has several characteristics such as fragility, complexity, seasonality and quick variability. Urban areas witness a quick economic growth and have more construction projects than rural areas, which brings more intensive changes of environments during a short period of time or adds some new elements to the erosion system. Therefore erosion has experienced more intensive impact by human activities. So, the possible impact of urbanization on erosion environment must be taken into consideration when designing or planning to exploit natural resources or to develop urban areas in the Loess Plateau.     

不同基质中三氯乙烯的好氧代谢研究

本实验选取了苯酚、苯甲酸、苯、甲苯、氯苯等五种化合物作为活性污泥的驯化基质,以瓦呼仪作为测试手段,分析了五种基质在驯化后的活性污泥中的可降解性及三氯乙烯(TCE)在不同基质驯化后的活性污泥中的可生化性,并用计算出的12 h有机物氧化率表征有机物的可生化性难易度.苯酚、苯甲酸、甲苯、苯在40 mg/L时的氧化率达到最大值,分别为93.71%、64.67%、39.24%、9.15%.氯苯仅在20 mg/L时可降解,氧化率为46.09%,据此推断出几种代谢基质的可降解性从易到难的顺序为:苯酚 > 苯甲酸 > 甲苯 > 苯 > 氯苯.在甲苯、苯酚、苯甲酸、氯苯驯化后的活性污泥中TCE在50 μg/L时,其氧化率达到最大值,分别为54.14%、33.69%、23.91%、21.11%.在苯驯化后的活性污泥中TCE仅在10 μg/L时可降解,氧化率为13.8%.据此可推断出TCE在五种代谢基质中的可生化性从高到低的顺序为:甲苯 > 苯酚 > 苯甲酸 > 氯苯 > 苯.     

纵横波弹性阻抗联立反演在GD地区的应用

在GD油田复杂油藏描述中应用叠前纵横波弹性阻抗反演,精确地进行了油藏岩性的划分。利用三个或三个以上部分叠加数据,进行纵横波弹性阻抗联立反演,既克服了因叠后地震反演结果单一而不能满足复杂储层描述的需求,又避免了由于叠前道集信噪比低造成反演结果不稳定的缺陷。本文论述了叠前弹性波阻抗反演的基本原理,结合GD地区实际资料,对反演过程中涉及的角道集子波提取、层位标定、横波速度预测、弹性参数提取与解释等关键步骤进行了详细研究,指出基于测井资料分析的多种弹性参数综合解释是提高叠前地震反演应用效果的关键。     

Spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Daya Bay, South China

The spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been investigated in Daya Bay, China. The concentration of total OCPs in surface sediment range from 16.66 to 44.04ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 26.60ng/g. DDTs and HCHs were the predominant species. The ratios of (DDD+DDE)/DDT reflected a cocktail input pattern of fresh and weathered DDTs. The predominant alpha-HCH and the alpha/beta-HCH ratios indicated that the technical HCH contamination was mainly due to historical usage, although there was fresh input of lindane. The variation profiles of concentrations showed that OCPs were extensively applied between the late 1950s and early 1980s in China. A recent increasing trend in concentrations of DDTs and HCHs was found in both cores. The increasing ratios of (DDE+DDD)/DDT with corresponding decreases of DDE/DDT ratio implied that most of the DDTs deposited after their production ban were more likely "weathered" DDTs derived from soil residues.     

GPS monitoring of temporal deformation of the Xianshuihe fault

Highly precise (σ ~1 mm) temporal deformation measurements are taken across the Xianshuihe fault from two pairs of continuous GPS stations straddling the fault. Baseline vector changes of the two pairs of stations show clearly the difference in deformation behavior between the Qianning and Daofu segments of the fault: the former deforms steadily, and the latter deforms with a strong transient component. The transient deformation across the Daofu segment is possibly related to its irregular geometry, where the fault splits into two branches, that is, the east and west branches. An attempt is made to interpret the baseline vector changes using a kinematic fault model composed of a brittle layer in the upper crust, a ductile layer in the lower crust, and a transition zone in between. The slip in the transition zone of the south segment of the Xianshuihe fault is steady. The slips in the transition zones of the north and Daofu segments of the Xianshuihe fault, however, are not steady, and the average slip rates there are higher than that of the south segment. The difference in deformation behavior is probably associated with the rheological properties of the fault interface, suggesting that the overall fault strength of the south segment is greater than those of the north and Daofu segments, corresponding to longer earthquake recurrence time.     

Mapping three-dimensional co-seismic surface deformations associated with the 2015 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>W</Subscript>7.2 Murghab earthquake based on InSAR and characteristics of crustal strain

Three-dimensional (3D) co-seismic surface deformations are of great importance to interpret the characteristics of coseismic deformations and to understand the geometries and dynamics of seismogenic faults. In this paper, we propose a method for mapping 3D co-seismic deformations based on InSAR observations and crustal strain characteristics. In addition, the search strategy of correlation points is optimized by adaptive correlation distance, which greatly improves the applicability of the proposed method in restoring deformations in decorrelation areas. Results of the simulation experiment reveal that the proposed method is superior to conventional methods in both the accuracy and completeness. The proposed method is then applied to map the 3D co-seismic surface deformations associated with the 2015 M_W7.2 Murghab earthquake using ascending and descending ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 images. The results show that the seismogenic fault is the Sarez-Karakul fault (SKF), which is dominated by NE-SW strike slips with an almost vertical dip angle. The north section and the south segment near the epicentre have obvious subsidence along with a southwestward motion in the northwest wall, and the southeast wall has northeast movement and surface uplift trend along the fault zone. The strain field of the earthquake is also obtained by the proposed method. It is found that the crustal block of the seismic area is obviously affected by dilatation and shear forces, which is in good agreement with the movement character of the sinistral slip.     

Peculiarities of the structure and conditions of formation of the Chin Shan porphyry-copper-gold deposit (People’s Republic of China)

The Chin Shan porphyry copper-gold deposit is located in the south of China in Fujian province. This is a large deposit containing more than 1000 t industrial reserves of gold and more than 0.5 mln. t of copper. It is related to a very complex polygenic and polychronic type of porphyritic plutonogenic hydrothermal deposits formed during the final stage of the formation of volcano-plutonic granite dioritic complex of the Cretaceous age. Later post-magmatic fluids of the Late Mesozoic (Kimmeridgian) epoch of tectonic magmatic activation also took part in ore formation. The gold-silver and polymetallic activation is related to precisely this epoch. The modern shape of the deposit and all industrial ores appeared in the Quaternary period during the formation of the unique extended oxidation zone.