基础设施投入效率时空演变及其关联格局研究——基于中国地级以上城市的实证

城市基础设施效率研究是科学评价基础设施发展质量的重要环节.在构建城市基础设施投入效率评价指标体系的基础上,借助MaxDEA软件,运用DEA模型,对2006-2016年中国地级以上城市基础设施投入产出效率进行测度和分解,探究其时空演变特征,并通过ESDA方法分析其空间关联格局.研究结果显示:①中国城市基础设施的总体投入产...     

1981—2018年中国东北地区秋冬季霾日变化及其与北极海冰的关系

利用中国东北地区1981—2018年166个地面气象观测站资料,定义了中国东北地区秋冬季霾日指数,分析了年际尺度上该地区霾日数与同期大气环流异常的内在关系。结果表明：中国东北地区秋冬季霾日指数存在显著的年际变化特征,欧亚—太平洋遥相关型(Eurasia-Pacific Teleconnection Pattern, EUP)负位相、东亚大槽偏弱等大气环流异常配置导致中国东北地区秋冬季霾的发生频次增加。巴伦支海与喀拉海北部海域是影响中国东北地区秋冬季霾日年际变化的海冰关键区,该区域海冰面积与霾日数呈显著负相关,北极海冰通过改变大气环流间接影响中国东北地区秋冬季霾日发生频次,当北极海冰异常偏少时,东亚冬季风偏弱,近地面风速偏低,环境湿度偏高,中国东北地区受东北亚异常反气旋西侧的异常偏南风控制,且受“EUP”负位相模态影响,东亚大槽减弱,有利于大气污染物和水汽向中国东北地区输送,该地区秋冬季霾的发生频次增加。     

An analytical model for evaluating the dynamic response of a tunnel embedded in layered foundation soil with different saturations

This paper proposes an analytical model for evaluating the dynamic response of an underground railway tunnel in layered foundation soil with different saturations. The soil is modeled as layered media, and the circular tunnel lining is modeled as an infinite Flügge cylindrical shell. The separation of variables method is used to solve the motion equation of the shell, and the wave equation of the soil is solved using the Helmholtz decomposition theorem. A dynamic matrix reflecting the wave vecto...     

Thermal and rheological structures of the Xisha Trough, South China Sea

The Xisha Trough, located in the northwest of the South China Sea (SCS) mainly rifted 30 Ma ago, has been a failed rift since the cessation of the seafloor spreading of the NW subbasin. Based on the velocity–depth model along Profile OBH-4 across the Xisha Trough, a seven-layer density–depth model is used to estimate density structure for the profile. The relationship between seismic velocity and radiogenic heat production is used to estimate the vertical distribution of heat sources in the lower crust. The 2-D temperature field is calculated by applying a 2-D numerical solution of the heat conduction equation and the thermal lithosphere thickness is obtained from the basalt dry solidus (BDS). The rheology of the profile is estimated on the basis of frictional failure in the brittle regime and power-law steady-state creep in the ductile regime. Rheological model is constructed for a three-layer model involving a granitic upper crust, a quartz diorite lower crust and an olivine upper mantle. Gravity modeling supports basically the velocity–depth model. The Moho along Profile OBH-4 is of relatively high heat flow ranging from 46 to 60 mW/m² and the Moho heat flow is higher in the trough than on the flanks. The depth of the “thermal” lithospheric lower boundary is about 54 km in the center, deepens toward two sides, and is about 75 km at the northern slope area and about 70 km at the southern Xisha–Zhongsha Block. Rheological calculation indicates that the two thinnest ductile layers in the crust and the thickest brittle layer in the uppermost mantle lie in the central region, showing that the Xisha Trough has been rheologically strengthened, which are mainly due to later thermal relaxation. In addition, the strengthening in rheology during rifting was not the main factor in hampering the breakup of the Xisha Trough.     

基于元素Mn、Co、Cd、Mo的海相沉积岩有机质 富集因素判别指标在四川盆地北缘的应用

基于金属元素Mn、Co、Cd、Mo的海洋富有机质沉积岩沉积环境和有机质富集主控因素判别指标Al—Co·Mn和Co·Mn—Cd/Mo,能够有效地区分促进有机碳埋藏的两种海洋端元沉积环境:大陆边缘开放/上升洋流环境和滞留的边缘海盆环境。利用这种方法研究了四川盆地北缘城口县月亮坪剖面五峰组和龙马溪组页岩沉积时期的水体环境和有机质富集的主控因素。研究表明五峰组Mn、Co富集程度低,Mo富集程度自下而上明显增大;龙马溪组Mn整体亏损,Co富集程度低,Mo富集程度自下而上明显减小。Al—Co·Mn方法的使用发现滞留环境主要出现在五峰组早期和龙马溪组晚期,以及观音桥段附近,而五峰组中晚期和龙马溪组早—中期水体主要处于开放/上升洋流区。剖面[w(Co)/(μg/g)]·[w(Mn)/(%)]值均小于平均页岩值1.615;五峰组Cd/Mo值整体大于正常海水值0.006,全部小于平均页岩值0.308,龙马溪组整体小于正常海水值。Co·Mn—Cd/Mo联合图版的使用发现月亮坪剖面五峰组和龙马溪组有机质富集主要受到保存条件控制,与使用U/Th、V/Cr、P/Ti、Ba/Al与TOC相关性分析得出的结论一致。基于金属元素Mn、Co、Cd、Mo的判别指标对于判断古生代大陆边缘地区富有机质页岩沉积环境及有机质富集主控因素有较好的效果。     

夏季不同天气背景和灌溉条件下绿洲地表辐射和能量平衡特征

利用2005年"绿洲系统能量和水分循环过程"野外观测实验(JTEX)资料,分析了夏季不同天气背景下的金塔绿洲小气候特征、辐射和能量平衡特征的日变化规律.结果表明:不同天气和土壤湿度背景下的辐射和能量平衡特征有较大差异.观测中发现有较大的能量不平衡差额,晴天时的能量亏损大于阴天的.     

Effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and soil fertility improvement in restoration of the abandoned opencast mining areas in Shanxi, China

A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer on herbage growth and fertility improvement of raw mixed-loess soils at the west waste dump of Antaibao surface mine (ATB) in Shanxi, China. Four indigenous species present in mining areas, including Kentucky bluegrass, Erect milkvetch, Alfalfa and Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture were selected as the herbaceous plants in the field trial. The results showed that applying sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer, biomasses of all the four grasses were significantly increased when compared with those in the control group. After 100 days growth, applying sewage sludge had the greatest effects on biomass increasing for Kentucky bluegrass (17.54 times in the overground yields and 13.94 times in underground yields when compared with the control group) or Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture (5.34 and 7.20 times, respectively); meanwhile, the combined application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer also had the best effects. It was concluded that Kentucky bluegrass is the best pioneer species for quickly establishing vegetation in ATB abandoned opencast mining areas; municipal sewage sludge is an effective bio-fertilizer for the fertility improvement of raw mixed-loess soils; and the combined application of sewage sludge and nitrogen fertilizer in plots revegetated with Alfalfa–ryegrass mixture is the best strategy to help quickly establish a self-sustaining vegetation system during the primary stage of reclamation in ATB abandoned opencast mining areas in China.     

滇西马登地区晚二叠世-早三叠世地层组合及年代学:火山岩锆石U-Pb定年证据

在西南"三江"造山带中段的兰坪盆地内,由于露头状况不好,盆地基底岩石出露状况不详,导致地层划分、归属相当混乱。详细的野外地质调查揭示,盆地东缘马登地区出露的基底岩石主要由2个构造地层单元组成,上部为火山-沉积序列,下部为浅海相泥岩、灰岩及生物碎屑灰岩。上部火山-沉积序列出露厚约1200m,可分为4个喷发-沉积韵律,由英安质熔岩、流纹质熔岩与晶屑凝灰岩、火山集块岩、火山角砾岩、流纹质凝灰岩、火山碎屑岩及少量泥岩相间组成。火山岩锆石LAICP-MS U-Pb法测年数据显示,岩浆活动始于250Ma,持续至244Ma,总体处于早三叠世,构成江达-维西-云县弧火山岩带的一部分。强烈变形的海相地层与火山岩二者呈断层接触,其时代老于250Ma。结合砂岩中碎屑锆石年龄结果(大于260Ma)判定,这套沉积岩应属于晚二叠世,其与早三叠世-中三叠世火山岩一起组成兰坪盆地的基底岩石。     

硫氰酸钾分光光度法有效提高铀矿石中钼的测定精度

在国标GB/T 14353.9—1993基础上,以氯化亚锡为还原剂,硫氰酸钾为络合剂,用国家一级合成硅酸盐光谱分析标准物质验证,对比不同熔矿方法和不同酸性介质对钼最低检出范围的影响,优化了用硫氰酸钾比色法有效检测铀矿石中含量≥10.0μg/g钼的实验方法。数据结果稳定可靠,步骤简单,测得钼的最低检出限可降低至10.0μg/g。方法的测定值与等离子体发射光谱的分析结果相符,可满足实验室内铀矿石批量检测的要求。     

关于火山岩型铀矿床成矿规律中一些问题的讨论

火山岩型铀矿常位于大的地质构造单元界线附近,特别是稳定区与活动区之间的过渡带上。矿区的基底不仅需有较高的成熟度而且是在火山岩形成前或长期处于隆起状态者。负向火山构造,上叠式或拗凸型上叠式火盆是铀矿田的有利构造形式。红盆对成矿的作用不是古气候方面的而是构造方面的。火山岩型铀矿成矿深度可以较大,而且在垂向上不只一个富集高峰。铀及其主要伴生组份不是来源于赋矿围岩,而是来自基底或更深处。