东天山尖山铜矿床地质特征及成矿规律

尖山铜矿位于塔里木板块觉罗塔格晚古生代沟弧带南缘,赋矿地层为下石炭统白鱼山组,含矿岩性为安山质凝灰岩.矿体受康古尔塔格深大断裂之分支断裂苦水大断裂形成的低序次层间断裂破碎带控制,矿体形态为细长脉状.近矿围岩蚀变主要为绿帘石化、绿泥石化、阳起石化、黄铁矿化及绢云母化等,成因类型为中-低温热液石英脉型.     

中天山东段古生代淡色花岗岩的发现及其构造意义

在吐鲁番地区底坎尔南的中天山构造带,新发现含电气石和石榴石的淡色花岗岩侵入于富铝泥质片岩系中。SHRIMP U—Pb 锆石年代学分析,表明淡色花岗岩的形成不晚于354±16Ma,同时还给出了600～1200Ma 的原岩继承锆石年龄。淡色花岗岩的发现及其形成年龄的确定,表明中天山在354Ma 前具有与陆缘弧背景相似的构造环境,并在354Ma 前完成碰撞过程,为进一步研究古生代天山构造演化提供了新的证据。     

Interactions between basalts and oil source rocks in rift basins： CO2 generation

Basalts interbedded with oil source rocks are discovered frequently in rift basins of eastern China, where CO2 is found in reservoirs around or within basalts, for example in the Binnan reservoir of the Dongying Depression. In the reservoirs, CO2 with heavy carbon isotopic composition (δ13C>-10‰ PDB) is in most cases accounts for 40% of the total gas reserve, and is believed to have resulted from degassing of basaltic magma from the mantle. In their investigations of the Binnan reservoir, the authors suggested that the CO2 would result from interactions between the source rocks and basalts. As the source rocks around basalts are rich in carbonate minerals, volcanic minerals, transition metals and organic matter, during their burial history some of the transition metals were catalyzed on the thermal degradation of organic matter into hydrocarbons and on the decomposition of carbonate minerals into CO2, which was reproduced in thermal simulations of the source rocks with the transition metals (Ni and Co). This kind of CO2 accounts for 55%-85% of the total gas reserve generated in the process of thermal simulation, and its δ13C values range from -11‰- -7.2‰ PDB, which are very similar to those of CO2 found in the Binnan reservoir. The co-generation of CO2 and hydrocarbon gases makes it possible their accumulation together in one trap. In other words, if the CO2 resulted directly from degassing of basaltic magma or was derived from the mantle, it could not be accumulated with hydrocarbon gases because it came into the basin much earlier than hydrocarbon generation and much earlier than trap formation. Therefore, the source rocks around basalts generated hydrocarbons and CO2 simultaneously through catalysis of Co and Ni transition metals, which is useful for the explanation of co-accumulation of hydrocarbon gases and CO2 in rift basins in eastern China.     

长沙、株洲、湘潭三市土壤中重金属元素的来源

为追踪长沙、株洲、湘潭3个城市表层土壤中Cd、As、Pb等重金属元素的来源,分析了土壤、基岩、大气干湿沉降、水、悬浮物等介质之间重金属元素的质量平衡和土壤自身重金属元素含量随时间变化的特点。结果显示,除As外,区内基岩中的重金属元素含量低于克拉克值;残积物中Cd相对基岩贫化,As、Pb、Cu、Hg等重金属元素相对基岩的富集小于3倍;大气干湿沉降重金属元素相对土壤富集了数倍至数十倍;湘江水体主要向沿江潮土提供As、Cd物源:近50年内土壤重金属元素有较高的增加速率。不同介质间重金属元素的质量变化特点支持长沙、株洲、湘潭三市土壤重金属元素富集的主要物源为大气沉降,地表水及悬浮物是沿江湖土重金属元素的主要物源,基岩对土壤提供的物源有限的结论。     

Research of the Conductive Structure of Crust and the Upper Mantle beneath the South-Central Tibetan Plateau

With the super-wide band magnetotelluric sounding data of the Jilong (吉隆)-Cuoqin (措勤) profile (named line 800) which was completed in 2001 and the Dingri (定日)-Cuomai (措迈) profile (named line 900) which was completed in 2004,we obtained the strike direction of each MT station by strike analysis,then traced profiles that were perpendicular to the main strike direction,and finally obtained the resistivity model of each profile by nonlinear conjugate gradients (NLCG) inversion. With these two models,we described the resistivity structure features of the crust and the upper mantle of the center-southern Tibetan plateau and its relationship with Yalung Tsangpo suture: the upper crust of the research area is a resistive layer with resistivity value range of 200-3 000 ?·m. The depth of its bottom surface is about 15-20 km generally,but the bottom surface of resistive layer is deeper in the middle of these two profiles. At line 900,it is about 30 km deep,and even at line 800,it is about 38 km deep. There is a gradient belt of resistivity at the depth of 15-45 km,and a conductive layer is beneath it with resistivity even less than 5 ?·m. This conductive layer is composed of individual conductive bodies,and at the south of the Yalung Tsangpo suture,the conductive bodies are smaller with thickness about 10 km and lean to the north slightly. However,at the north of the Yalung Tsangpo suture,the conductive bodies are larger with thickness about 30 km and also lean to the north slightly. Relatively,the conductive bodies of line 900 are thinner than those of line 800,and the depth of the bottom surface of line 900 is also shallower. At last,after analyzing the effect factors to the resistivity of rocks,it was concluded that the very conductive layer was caused by partial melt or connective water in rocks. It suggests that the middle and lower crust of the center-southern Tibetan plateau is very thick,hot,flabby,and waxy.     

喷锚支护技术在软土基坑的应用

以宜昌市污水处理厂洋坝泵房基坑边坡支护设计与施工为例，介绍在软土地质条件下，如何依据工程地质条件、水文地质条件、环境及边坡稳定性计算参数确定支护方案。该区基坑支护方案确定为放坡喷锚支护结构．即采用放坡开挖，其高宽比为1：0．5，坡面采用灌浆锚杆挂网喷射砼进行封闭止水处理。在超深基坑施工中采用的喷锚支护及坑底降水等技术措施得当，支护效果良好。     

Experiments on the primary migration of oil from source rocks

Simulation experiments on the primary migration of oil were carried out on massive samples. The results proved that oil generated from source rocks was expelled in the form of an independent oil phase. High oil-expulsion efficiency was observed. It follows that the primary migration of oil is not directly dependent on the quantity of oil generated from the source rocks. Therefore, the oil-expulsion proportion was high though some source rocks yielded only a limited amount of oil. A great deal of gas was produced at the same time of oil-generation. Thus, it can be concluded that the main expulsion energy for oil primary migration came from these gases.     

利用储层流体包裹体确定鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙区块上古生界油气充注期次和时期

流体包裹体是保存在储层中的微小流体样品,包含有丰富的地质信息。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙区块18口井的62块流体包裹体样品进行荧光观察和显微测温,认为该区上古生界地层共发生过6期流体活动,均与油气成藏有关,并以第二期—第六期的天然气充注为主。结合埋藏史分析可知,油气成藏分别发生在距今190～150Ma的早侏罗世中期—中侏罗世晚期,150～124Ma的中侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期,124～101Ma的早白垩世早期—早白垩世中期,101～86Ma的早白垩世中期—早白垩世中末期和86～70Ma的早白垩世中末期—早白垩世末期。其中,早侏罗世中期—中侏罗世晚期为油气充注的初始阶段,中侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期为轻质油的主要成藏时期,中侏罗世晚期至早白垩世末为研究区内目的层天然气的主要成藏时期。     

西藏日土-改则6.1级地震前的OLR值异常变化

应用了美国国家环境监测中心的NOAA卫星长波辐射(OLR)月际资料。用月距平、涡度计算等处理方法,对2007年5月5日西藏日土—改则MS6.1地震前后的OLR资料进行分析,结果发现在震前的2个月,震中附近地区出现明显的高值辐射变化,其高值中心位于阿尔金断裂和西昆仑地震带的交汇部位,异常形态呈孤立的"V"字形,分析认为这种现象可能与地震前的热动力状态有关。     

光学探生仪研制

光学探生仪主要用于在地震等灾害造成的残垣断壁中快速、准确地寻找被困人员。因此,在研制光学探生仪时,必须充分考虑灾害救助现场的恶劣工作条件和对仪器的特殊要求。本文首先简要介绍了光学探生仪研究的有关情况,然后对光学探生仪主要部件的设计、选型和实验进行了详细研究,探讨研制先进、实用的光学探生仪的途径。这对我国探生仪研制工作具有借鉴意义。