环北极填图计划：北极新的磁异常和重力异常图

环北极地球物理和基岩资料汇编项目由几个国家（俄罗斯、瑞典、芬兰、丹麦、美国、加拿大、德国和挪威）的代表机构执行。本项目编制了一套以60°N为界的北极区1：500万地顷和地球物理数字图集。     

О·Ю·ШМИДТ(施米特)

地球物理学家施米特(O·U·Schmidt)是苏联科学院院士,1819年出生在苏联乌克兰。施米特青年时代在基辅大学攻读数学,后来从事科学研究、教学和国家领导工作。1918年施米特加入苏联共产党后,曾任苏联粮食、财经,教育人民委员会成员,国家计划主席团成员。曾领导苏联国家出版事业,组织苏联大百科全书的出版工作。并参与组建和颁发列宁奖金的工作。二十年代末,为适应苏联国民经济发展的要求,他被任命为北极研究所所长,北海干线主任,组织领导北极探险,由于出色地完成任务而获得苏联英雄称号。三十年代中期,他组建了苏联科学院地理研究所地球物理部,于1938年扩建成理论地球物理研究所,他亲自担任所长,吸引了许多学者,使该研究所成为苏联地球物理学家们第一个理想的工作场所。     

和达清夫

地震学家和达清夫是日本人,1902年出生在日本。和达清夫青年时代进入日本东京大学攻读物理,1925年毕业后在日本中央气象台担任日本地震台网观测资料的分析处理工作。日本中央气象台升格为日本气象厅后,1956年至1963年和达清夫担任该厅长官。1949年他当选为有声望的日本学士院成员,后任该院院长。 和达清夫对地震学的贡献,有科学研究方面的成就,也有科学组织工作方面的成绩。他早期在分析处理日本地震台网观测资料过程中,创造了测定发震时刻和测定震源位置的方法,至今仍被广泛使用,并被称为测定发震时刻的和达法和测定震源位置的和     

根据垂直和水平位移资料得到的三次Gazli大地震的破裂运动学特征

Ｇａｚｌｉ地区水平和垂直位移资料的反演表明，１９７６年４月５月以及１９８４年３月的Ｇａｚｌｉ地震发生在各种不同取向的断层面上。１９８４年地震破裂的运动特征展示了一次２．５ｍ的纯逆断层滑动。１９７６年破裂序列期间，不同事件的普通资料对求解破裂特征并不理想。     

Responses of a Northern Adriatic Ampelisca-Corbula community to seasonality and short-term hydrological changes in the Po river

During the 20th century, increased nutrient inflow has increased the frequency and intensity of eutrophication events in the North-western Adriatic Sea. More recently, evidence of a reduction in the Po river flow and a recovery of the benthic environment were reported. We examined the role played by Po river regime and seasonality in determining the temporal pattern of macrozoobenthos variation: samples were collected from a site located 10-12km off Cesenatico during two years from October 2004 to September 2006, when the mean Po discharge remained exceptionally low. 88 taxa were found, and the community was dominated by few species: Ampelisca diadema, Lumbrineris latreillii, Corbula gibba, Aricidea claudiae, Levinsenia gracilis and Nucula nucleus account for about 80% of total abundances. The density of these species exhibited a marked seasonal variability. Moreover, the total abundance and the density of the sensitive species, A. diadema, were negatively affected by several disturbance events (hypoxic conditions, frequent storms and an anomalous winter flood) that occurred between November 2005 and March 2006. The reduction of C. gibba and the increase of A. diadema densities observed in the investigated period, and verified recently by other authors could be related to the reduction in river inputs as a consequence of climatic changes.     

Intra- and inter-specific variability in total and methylmercury bioaccumulation by eight marine fish species from the Azores

We relate fish biological and ecological characteristics to total and organic mercury concentrations to determine whether accumulation is influenced by trophic level, Hg concentration in the diet, and vertical distribution. Levels of total mercury and methylmercury were determined in the muscle tissue of eight species of fish: Pagellus acarne, Trachurus picturatus, Phycis phycis, P. blennoides, Polyprion americanus, Conger conger, Lepidopus caudatus and Mora moro, caught in the Azores. All such fishes are commercially valuable and were selected to include species from a wide range of vertical distributions from epipelagic (<200 m) to mesopelagic (>300 m) environments. Methylmercury was the major form accumulated in all species, comprising an average of 88.1% of total mercury. Concentrations of mercury (total and methylmercury) increased with age, length and weight. Based on data from other studies, mercury concentrations in fish diet were estimated. Mercury levels in food ranged from 0.08 to 0.32 ppm, dry weight. Hg concentrations in the food and in muscle tissue from different species were positively correlated. Total Hg levels in the muscles were approximately nine times those estimated in food. Total mercury concentrations in muscle were positively correlated with both trophic level and median depth. Such enhanced mercury bioaccumulation in relation to depth appears to be determined primarily by concentrations in food and ultimately by water chemistry, which controls mercury speciation and uptake at the base of the food chain.     

Urban policy in Russia: a geographic perspective

The author "describes current features of the Russian urban settlement system, recounts erroneous planning practices of the past, and prescribes changes for the improvement of settlement planning in the future. [Included] are tables, disaggregated to the economic regional level, showing spatial variations in the number of new cities registered over the period 1927-1989. In [a] modification of conventional former Soviet thinking, a case is made in favor of such processes as polarization of space, agglomeration, spontaneous transformation of urban economic profiles, and place-based rather than norm-based planning."     

Assessment of polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation by potentially pathogenic environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from coastal Louisiana, USA

A presumed Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolate from Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA was previously reported to grow on phenanthrene, a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) found in crude oil. Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, concerns were raised that PAH-degrading V. parahaemolyticus could increase in abundance, leading to elevated risks of disease derived from shellfish consumption. To assess this possibility, we examined responses to naphthalene and phenanthrene of 17 coastal Louisiana environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolates representing five distinct genotypes. Isolates were obtained immediately after the spill began and after oil had reached the Louisiana coast. None of the isolates grew on or oxidized either substrate and a naphthalene degradation product, 1-naphthol, substantially inhibited growth of some isolates. The use of PAH by V. parahaemolyticus is unusual, and an increase in human health risks due to stimulation of V. parahaemolyticus growth by oil-derived PAH under in situ conditions appears unlikely.