青藏高原地壳运动与形变的GPS研究：第1期观测的精密星历解

本项目组于１９９３年７月至８月，对青藏高原的地壳运动进行第１期监测，并用广播星历进行解算．１９９４年秋，又使用经武汉测绘科技大学改进到微机上的美国麻省理工学院研制的ＧＡＭＩＴ精密定位软件和ＮＧＳ（ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＧｅｏｄｅｔｉｃＳｕｒｖｅｙ）精密星历，重新进行解算．解算结果表明，在４００多公里范围内，观测两个时段平均基线的重复性达到几毫米的高精度，相对精度优于３．１０×１０（－８），与广播星历解相比，基线重复精度提高了５～１２倍．     

南黄海海面大气长波辐射计算方法的比较

利用了中国近海海洋综合调查与评价项目在南黄海区获得的海-气通量观测资料,对一些常用的计算海面大气长波辐射通量的经验公式进行了比较.结果表明,采用Clark和Josey各自提出的经验公式所得的计算结果与实测结果具有较好的一致性;而利用Bignami和Bunker提出的经验公式计算的海面大气长波辐射通量值与实测资料则存在着较大的误差.出现差别的原因可能与不同经验公式所选参数密切相关.     

黑龙江省东部饶河杂岩的就位时代与东北东部中生代构造演化

黑龙江省东部饶河杂岩由含放射虫深海沉积岩以及镁铁质的熔岩和侵入岩组成,并被视为大洋壳的残片。该杂岩被晚期蛤蚂河和太平村花岗岩侵入。锆石U-Pb年龄结果表明,上述两花岗岩岩体均形成于早白垩世,其中蛤蚂河岩体形成于131、124和～115Ma三个阶段,太平村岩体形成于111～114Ma左右。饶河杂岩中辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为166±1Ma,深海沉积岩中最晚出现的放射虫的时代为160～150Ma,显示饶河杂岩的就位应发生在150～131Ma的晚侏罗世—早白垩世,古地磁资料显示本区自晚三叠世—侏罗纪有明显的从低纬度向高纬度的北移现象：从而表明在晚侏罗世—早白垩世及以前该区存在太平洋板块的俯冲-走滑作用。岩石学研究显示,两花岗岩岩体中均存在岩浆结晶成因的堇青石,并具有过铝质花岗岩的特点,为典型的来源于沉积岩部分熔融形成的S型花岗岩。Hf同位素测定发现,这些花岗岩中的锆石具有较高的~(176) Hf/~(177)Hf同位素比值和较正的ε_(Hf)(t)值,以长英质地壳为源岩的Hf同位素模式年龄为500～780Ma,说明其源岩应为新元古代—显生宙新增生的地壳物质,从而反映在晚侏罗世—早白垩世以前本区曾发生过显著的地壳抬升与风化剥蚀。     

黄河上游径流与太平洋海温场关系及其预测应用

根据北太平洋网格点月平均海温资料的统计分析,揭示了海面水温场与黄河上游年径流量丰枯的联系,并探讨了海温异常变化对径流的影响.同时建立了回归方程,利用海温资料对黄河上游年径流量作长期预测试验,效果良好.     

全站仪在工程测量中的应用研究

对全站仪测量时平距、高差测量的精度进行了分析,并提出了全站仪测量的注意事项和适用范围。     

Relationships between body weight and other morphological traits in young sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicas

Correlation, multiple regression, and path analyses were used to investigate the relationships between body weight and three other morphological traits in juvenile Japanese sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus. We measured live body weight(BW), body length(BL), numbers of papillae(NP), and numbers of tube feet(NF) at 60, 80, 100, and 130 days post-hatching(dph). We calculated path correlation coe cients, correlation indices( R~2), and coe cients of determination with BW as the dependent variable and the other morphological traits as independent variables. The coe cient of variation for BW was high across all age groups, and all measured morphological traits were significantly correlated( P 0.01). BL had the greatest direct ef fect on BW across all age groups(60 dph, 0.526; 80 dph, 0.404; 100 dph, 0.620;and 130 dph, 0.681), while NF had the greatest indirect ef fect on BW across all age groups(60 dph, 0.528;80 dph, 0.452; 100 dph, 0.666; and 130 dph, 0.603). Regression analyses between morphological traits and BW indicated that R 2 was greater than 0.85 only in the 100-dph specimens. The indirect ef fects of the other measured morphological traits on BW were age-dependent. The optimal regression equations,as determined with stepwise regression, were, for 60-dph specimens: BW_(60)=10~((-3.04+0.092 BL+0.014 NP+0.014 NF))( R~2 =0.632); for 80-dph specimens: BW _(80)=10~((-3.035+0.056 BL+0.017 NP+0.02 NF))( R~2 =0.686); for 100-dph specimens:BW_(100) =10~((-3.742+0.069 BL+0. 633*l g( NP)+0. 464*l g( NF)))( R~2 =0.893); and for 130-dph specimens: BW_(130)=10~((-2.472+0.065 BL+0.012 NP))( R~2 =0.774). Our work clarified the correlation between various morphological traits and body weight of a commercially-important sea cucumber species( A. japonicus). Our predictive models for body weight might be useful for the aquaculture and selective breeding of A. japonicus. These models might also provide theoretical support for the indirect selection of traits that are di cult to select directly.     

日照市莒县南涧村滑坡地质灾害稳定性评价及治理方法

通过对日照市莒县南涧村滑坡体地质灾害的稳定性分析评价计算,探讨分析了该处地质灾害的特征及现状特点,并就南涧滑坡地质灾害的治理方案进行了初步分析探讨,为日照市滑坡地质灾害的防治提供了理论基础资料。     

A model describing the time course and variability in toxicity of hydrophobic chemicals to aquatic organisms

The growth of Chlorella marine, Nannochloris oculate, Pyramimonaos sp., Platymonas subcordiformis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum exposed to chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene was tested. The Boltzman equation was used to describe organism growth. The time course for uptake of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) by aquatic organisms was expressed by incorporating growth and, if desired, the effect of metabolism into the HOC bioconcentration process. The probability of any given concentration of HOCs in the organisms causing a specified toxic endpoint was expressed with a modified Weibull distribution function. The combined bioconcentration and probability equations were tested with data for time course of incubation of algae exposed to chlorinated benzenes (CBs). A set of parameters, including the uptake rate constant k ₁, the elimination rate constant k ₂ and thereafter the bioconcentration factor on a dry weight basis, BCF _D, the critical HOC concentration in the organism resulting in a specified toxic endpoint, C _A ^* , and the spread factor, S, could be obtained by fitting only experimental data for percent growth inhibition(%)-time-CB exposure concentration. The average coefficients of variation within CBs were 15.2% for BCF _D, 21.0% for k ₁, 18.3% for k ₂, 8.1% for C _A ^* and 9.7% for S. The variability in toxicity (such as EC₁₀, EC₅₀, EC₉₀) derived from the model equations agreed well with those experimentally observed.     

“三层递进、五化合一”GIS人才培养模式的研究与实践

如何根据专业性质和地区特点,改革专业教学,开展工学结合,各高职院校一直在积极地探索和实践。本文在总结昆明冶金高等专科学校地理信息系统与地图制图技术专业改革成果的基础上,提出了"三层递进、五化合一"的高职人才培养模式。     

济南高陡土质边坡稳定性分析及治理方法探讨——以济南南部山区山间平原为例

在济南山前及山间倾斜平原区常见土质边坡存在较大安全隐患,本文结合实例,对此类边坡开展稳定性评价及治理方法研究,对不稳定边坡的成因做了详细分析,并采用毕肖普条分法对边坡稳定性进行了定量计算,提出清坡+格构+钢筋混凝土挡板+截水沟的方案解决土质边坡失稳问题。治理后边坡滑动安全系数为1.673,实现了土质边坡的有效防治,为此类土质边坡失稳问题提供了新的治理思路。