太行山南段平顺地区矽卡岩铁矿地质特征及成矿模式探讨

平顺地区矽卡岩型铁矿位于太行山南段山西省境内,主要产于燕山期中性侵入岩与中奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层接触带及其附近.矿化蚀变带明显,钠长石化是重要的找矿标志.矿化蚀变带特征和黄铁矿矿物(204Pb/204Pb=17.741～18.301,平均值17.993;207Pb204=Pb=15.433～15.551,平均值15.495)与早期侵入岩(206Pb/204Pb=17.859～18.474;207Pb/204Pb=15.429～15.431)以及晚期侵入岩(206Pb/204Pb=17.959～18.223,平均值18.088;207Pb/=204Pb:15.434～15.566,平均值15.536)的Pb同位素组成均说明晚期闪长岩是主要的成矿母岩,但早期超基性一基性侵入岩通过被晚期中性侵入岩交代同化,大量铁质进入晚期中性岩浆之内,间接为铁矿体的形成提供了物质来源.晚期侵入体的岩浆热液不仅是成矿物质的栽体,而且所产生的压应力和热能成为成矿流体运移的驱动力.在成矿过程分析的基础上,建立了本区矽卡岩型铁矿床的成矿模式.     

二次光化学氧化剂与气溶胶间的非均相过程

光氧化剂和气溶胶颗粒物在大气环境中普遍存在,影响着大气氧化能力和气候,威胁着人类健康。而大气光氧化剂与气溶胶颗粒物间复杂的耦合相互作用能产生二次污染物,使得大气污染过程更为复杂,成为国际大气化学研究的前沿和热点课题。挥发性有机物（VOCs）和氮氧化物（NOx）等一次污染物在大气中经过复杂的光化学反应可形成以臭氧（O3）为主的二次光化学氧化剂,并以大气气溶胶为平台发生非均相反应,使大气污染更严重,引起人们普遍关注。二次光化学氧化剂和气溶胶颗粒物之间非均相过程的实验室研究是深入认识这两者间耦合相互作用的关键,实验室研究可以为分析和深入认识外场观测结果提供基础,还能为数值模式模拟研究提供基本参数。概括了大气二次光化学氧化剂的形成过程,总结了国际上近年来二次光化学氧化剂与大气气溶胶颗粒物非均相反应的实验室研究进展以及研究方法,最后提出了现有的一些主要科学问题,对未来这一重要领域的研究前景进行了展望。     

松辽盆地长岭断陷构造演化及其动力学背景

通过大量高精度二维地震剖面的构造解析与平衡地质剖面构造演化史定量恢复,探讨了松辽盆地长岭断陷的构造演化及其地球动力学背景。长岭断陷发育NNE、NNW、SN等多个方向的低角度铲式正断层,它们可能是在晚侏罗世一早白垩世郯庐断裂系左行走滑派生的次级破裂的基础上受断陷期强烈地壳伸展拆离作用形成的。断陷期可分为早晚两个脉冲式伸展事件,每个伸展脉冲均由一个快速伸展期和其后的缓慢伸展期组成,前者与火山活动高峰期相对应,后者则是构造转换期。早期伸展是以热穹窿式多向拉伸为标志,可能是侏罗纪岩石圈加厚后根部发生拆沉作用导致地壳弹性回调和岩浆底侵的结果。而晚期伸展则以NWW-SEE向区域伸展为标志,是对中国东部广泛的地壳伸展拆离和岩石圈减薄事件的响应,可能是伊则纳崎板块俯冲产生的弧后扩张效应。     

地下连续墙钢筋笼安放施工技术

结合苏州工业园区南环快速路东延工程地下连续墙施工,叙述在保证吊装长大钢筋笼和接头桩的安全性、可靠性、使被吊物体不发生弹性变形和降低抗弯强度的情况下,选择起重设备、确定吊点位置、配备吊具,并介绍接头桩、钢筋笼的吊装过程及注意事项。     

磁场重联中的电子加速机制的数值模拟研究

在应用2.5维混合模拟方法研究Petschek模型磁场重联的基础上,考察了试验电子被加速的特征. 模拟结果表明,稳态的低频重联场能将少量试验电子加速到高能,电子的能谱为幂律谱,但总体分布函数未发生显著变化. 电子在整个加速过程中被束缚在低磁场的加速区内,由重联产生的感应电场Ey分量对其直接加速,根据加速时间和加速区域可以将这些电子分为两种情况：初始位于加速区和漂移到加速区被加速.     

Ab initio study of the composition dependence of the pressure-induced spin crossover in perovskite (Mg1 − x,Fex)SiO3

We present ab initio calculations of the zero-temperature iron high- to low-spin crossover in (Mg_1 ? xFe_x)SiO₃ perovskite at pressures relevant to Earth's lower mantle. Equations of state are fit for a range of compositions and used to predict the Fe spin transition pressure and associated changes in volume and bulk modulus. We predict a dramatic decrease in transition pressure as Fe concentration increases. This trend is contrary to that seen in ferropericlase, and suggests the energetics for spin crossover is highly dependent on the structural environment of Fe. Both Local Density Approximation (LDA) and Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) exchange-correlation methods are used, and both methods reproduce the same compositional trends. However, GGA gives a significantly higher transition pressure than LDA. The spin transition is made easier by the decreasing spin-flip energy with pressure but is also driven by the change in volume from high to low spin. Volume trends show that high-spin Fe²⁺ is larger than Mg²⁺ even under pressure, but low-spin Fe²⁺ is smaller at ambient conditions and approximately the same size as Mg²⁺ under high pressure, indicating that low-spin Fe²⁺ is less compressible than high-spin Fe²⁺. We find large changes between high- and low-spin in the slope of volume with Fe concentration. Although these changes are small in absolute magnitude for small Fe content, they are still important when measured per Fe and could be relevant for calculating partitioning coefficients in the lower mantle.     

近35 年青藏高原雨量和雨日的变化特征

利用青藏高原1971-2005 年49 个气象台站逐日雨量和雨日资料, 分析了青藏高原年、 季雨量和雨日变化趋势。结果表明, 近35 年西藏大部分地区年雨量、雨日呈现显著增加趋 势, 而青海省大部分地区雨量、雨日却呈减少趋势。夏半年, 高原上雨日减少, 雨量增加, 说明降水越来越集中, 降水强度在增加。冬半年, 高原上雨日、雨量均在增加。高原夏半年小雨(0.1~4.9 mm) 雨日减少, 雨量增加; 小雨(5.0~9.9 mm) 和中雨的雨日和雨量均呈增加趋 势, 大雨以上的雨日和雨量均减少。冬半年, 青藏高原小雪、中雪、大雪不同量级日数和雪 日的平均雪量均呈增加趋势; 暴雪日和雪量变化均不明显。     

分布式基坑监测信息管理与预警系统的研制

针对基坑监测的信息化、集成化、共享化要求,开发了基于GIS的分布式基坑监测信息管理与预警系统。介绍了系统的结构框架,着重介绍了系统实现的功能。在GIS图形可视化技术基础上,系统地实现了区域内多个基坑地质勘察、设计、施工等资料及测点信息、监测仪器、监测数据、周边建筑物等相关资料的全面采集,并在此基础上实现了信息的存储、处理、分析、查询、预测、预警以及成果输出的自动化。系统采用C/S结构实现信息共享与多人协作,在网络环境下可高效运行,为基坑监测提供了一个功能强大的信息平台。     

浅谈地理信息公共服务平台框架数据更新的工作模式及新技术应用——以滨州为例

自2018年山东省地理信息公共服务平台框架数据更新工作实施以来,各市县陆续开展相应工作,该文介绍了平台框架数据更新工作的必要性及更新原则,并阐述了滨州市市级节点成熟的更新模式和相关新技术应用,为智慧滨州、数字滨州建设提供了数据支撑,对山东省省市框架数据联动更新具有一定的示范作用和借鉴意义。     

Crystallization of the Little Three layered pegmatite-aplite dike, Ramona District, California

Subhorizontally layered pegmatite-aplite bodies are characterized by fine-grained, sodic to granitic aplite that is usually juxtaposed abruptly above by much coarser-grained, commonly graphic potassic pegmatite. Although well studied, there currently is little concensus as to how such dikes form. The Little Three dike near Ramona, California, is representative of such zoned bodies in this and other regions, and contains discontinuous miarolitic pockets near the base of the graphic pegmatite zone. Tourmaline, garnet, biotite, and muscovite show no changes in major- or minor-element compositions indicative of progressive magmatic fractionation until the immediate vicinity of the main miarolitic zone, where they record abrupt and extreme enrichments in Li, F, and Mn. There is no correlation of chemical changes in the dike with the appearance of small miarolitic vugs well below the main miarolitic zone, nor is there any indication that the aplite, graphic pegmatite, or miarolitic pockets represent separate magma injections. The chemistries of tourmaline, garnet, and micas, however, preclude conventional models of Rayleigh fractionation or traditional zone refining. Textural features and modeled cooling histories indicate that the dike cooled quickly and might have solidified partially or totally to glass before crystallization commenced. Geothermometry based on the compositions of coexisting plagioclase and homogeneous, nonperthitic K-feldspar indicates inward crystallization of the dike, from ∼400–435 °C at the margins to ∼350–390 °C within 20–30 cm of the pocket horizon, then a sharp decrease to 240–275 °C in the pockets where K-feldspar is perthitic. We interpret the feldspar geothermometry (except perhaps in the miarolitic cavities) to reflect the temperatures at crystallization fronts that advanced into the pegmatite, first from the foot wall and eventually joined by a similar front downward from the hanging wall. Crystallization down from the hanging wall may have commenced after ∼70–80% of the foot wall aplite had crystallized. The very abrupt increases of Li, Mn, and F in tourmaline and garnet near the miarolitic zone appear to be explained best by the process of constitutional zone refining, in which a fluxed crystallization front sweeps an incompatible element-enriched boundary layer through a solid or semi-solid. After these two highly fluxed boundary layers merged near the main miarolitic zone, compositional evolution could have proceeded by crystal-melt fractionation. Received: 24 March 1998 / Accepted: 10 March 1999