Innovation for sustainable energy from a pro-poor perspective

The development and transfer of clean energy technologies to achieve universal energy access is challenging due to the inherent complexities of the energy sector, and the energy governance and financial systems in developing economies. Innovation is an essential part of successfully addressing these difficulties. Duplicating the energy infrastructure models of developed countries will not be sufficient to meet the needs of poor consumers. To the extent that innovation can accelerate energy access, it is important to understand the specific types of innovations that are necessary and how they might be facilitated. The general features of existing international clean energy innovation systems, which are predominantly driven by the markets and emissions reduction mechanisms of developed and rapidly growing emerging economies, are reviewed and the alignment of these systems to the innovation processes required to extend energy access globally is evaluated. Drawing on the innovation policy literature, the attributes of effective international and domestic energy innovation systems that are pro-poor and the associated policy approaches are identified.     

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND EASTERN ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY SYSTEMS AND DYNAMICAL MODEL INVERSION FORECAST

Based on the adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), methods to filter out the noise of impact factors from the main signal are discussed. Focusing on the abnormal weather conditions in 2010, we use the delay-relevant method to analyze the five members of the summer monsoon system that had the largest effect on the subtropical high anomalies from the observational data. ANFIS is suitable for research and simulation of subtropical highs that are difficult to describe accurately with dynamics, allowing the effect of five factors on the subtropical high anomalies to be examined. Our results show that the Mascarene cold high, the Indian monsoon latent heat flux, and the South China Sea monsoon trough had the largest effect on the subtropical high anomalies. Diagnostic analysis, with genetic algorithms (GA) and dynamical reconstruction theory, reconstructed the nonlinear dynamical model of the subtropical high and its main factors objectively and accurately from the sequence of observations in 2010. Furthermore, a dynamically extended forecast experiment is performed. The forecasts for the subtropical high area index, the Mascarene cold high index, the Indian monsoon latent heat flux, and the South China Sea monsoon trough index all show a strong short-term effect over less than 25 days. The forecasting trend is accurate, and the error rate is no more than 7%. Our results provide new insight and methods for research on the association between the western Pacific subtropical high and the East Asian summer monsoon system, and for the prediction of the western Pacific subtropical high index.     

渭南市大雾气候特征分析及影响对策

为了开拓气象服务领域的需要,利用渭南市各县1 961—2 0 0 3年43 a大雾资料,分析了渭南市大雾分布规律和特点,结果表明渭南市大雾主要集中在9—1 2月,以渭河沿线和大荔最多。年际变化从2 0世纪60年代到90年代,渭南市大雾除合阳、韩城略有下降外,其余县市都呈上升趋势,以大荔增幅最多。最后提出了针对性的对策措施     

From the Sun to the Earth: The 13 May 2005 Coronal Mass Ejection

We report the results of a multi-instrument, multi-technique, coordinated study of the solar eruptive event of 13 May 2005. We discuss the resultant Earth-directed (halo) coronal mass ejection (CME), and the effects on the terrestrial space environment and upper Earth atmosphere. The interplanetary CME (ICME) impacted the Earth’s magnetosphere and caused the most-intense geomagnetic storm of 2005 with a Disturbed Storm Time (Dst) index reaching ?263 nT at its peak. The terrestrial environment responded to the storm on a global scale. We have combined observations and measurements from coronal and interplanetary remote-sensing instruments, interplanetary and near-Earth in-situ measurements, remote-sensing observations and in-situ measurements of the terrestrial magnetosphere and ionosphere, along with coronal and heliospheric modelling. These analyses are used to trace the origin, development, propagation, terrestrial impact, and subsequent consequences of this event to obtain the most comprehensive view of a geo-effective solar eruption to date. This particular event is also part of a NASA-sponsored Living With a Star (LWS) study and an on-going US NSF-sponsored Solar, Heliospheric, and INterplanetary Environment (SHINE) community investigation.     

Performing environmental governance

This essay reflects on issues of researcher positionality within participant observation and action research, and the specific methodological issues surrounding research on neoliberal governance strategies, using my experience at the US Environmental Protection Agency as case material. Although I was initially concerned about participating with the anti-progressive Bush Administration, I attempted to adopt the interests and subjectivity of an environmental bureaucrat. Doing so proved to be an extremely effective way of exploring the multi-vocality and cross-cutting interests constituting the state, which often appears from the outside to be a policy monolith. Participant research among elites in the neoliberal state is an effective way to observe such complexity. It became apparent that, because mainstream economics tends to adopt a totalizing epistemology, both its casual and dogmatic adherents usually do not conceive of a coherent external critique. This often means that researchers of any theoretical background can be quite frank concerning their purposes, background, and interests, even as participants.     

X荧光测井探管的研制及其初步应用

介绍了新一代荧光测井仪中核心部件探管部分的硬件和软件。荧光测井探管采用Si-PIN半导体探测器,探头部分设计成斜边对称双源激发结构,控制核心使用嵌入式ARM7处理器,通信协议采用RS485,最大可测量深度2 km。本系统在四川省会理县拉拉铜矿地区进行了野外应用,实验表明,荧光测井系统能够快速得出井壁岩、矿石中元素的含量,为寻找深部矿产资源提供了一种快捷的分析方法。     

内蒙古石拐盆地召沟组植物群及地质时代

经研究石拐盆地中侏罗统召沟组植物群由18属31种组成,分属于真蕨类、苏铁类、银杏类、茨康类和松柏类。其组成特征表明,该植物群属于中国北方温带植物地理区Coniopteris--Phoenicopsis植物群晚期组合,时代为中侏罗世早期。     

水浴浸提-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定地质样品中痕量砷和汞

采用盐酸-硝酸混合酸(盐酸-硝酸-水体积比3∶1∶4)水浴浸取地质样品,在样品消解后的母液中直接加入硫脲-抗坏血酸混合溶液,以氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定地质样品中的痕量砷和汞。方法检出限为砷0.033 6 ng/mL,汞0.003 7 ng/mL;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=1)为砷1.1%,汞3.0%。对国家一级标准物质GBW 07109~GBW 07114、GBW 07301~GBW 07312、GBW 07401~GBW 07408中的砷和汞进行测定,测定值与标准值相吻合。     

新疆东天山南缘富钾硝酸盐盐湖成矿带地质特征及资源潜力

新疆东部是中国主要的盐类矿床聚集区,在东天山南缘形成了巨大的富钾硝酸盐盐湖成矿带。文章在系统总结东天山南缘富钾硝酸盐成矿带地质特征、成矿条件特征和晶间卤水特征的基础上,分析了富钾硝酸盐矿床成矿的地质条件、物质来源和气候因素,以及已有矿床的资源状况和资源潜力,指出富钾硝酸盐矿床是一种特殊类型的盐类矿床,特殊的构造条件是该类矿床物质来源和成矿作用发生的重要因素,晶间卤水和层间、裂隙卤水具有较大的资源潜力。加强该区富钾硝酸盐矿床的研究和勘查评价工作,不仅可以丰富中国陆相盐类矿床成盐理论,而且可以为罗布泊钾盐基地提供后续资源保障,同时也有利于新疆新型钾、氮肥工业基地的建立。     

哀牢山成矿带壳幔相互作用与金成矿关系探讨——以元阳大坪金矿床为例

哀牢山成矿带位于云南省中南部,带内相续发现了墨江金厂、镇沅老王寨和元阳大坪等一批大型-超大型金多金属矿床。滇西南地区的莫霍面等深度特征、大陆地温梯度和大地热流高异常特征以及地球深层次结构特征,一致表明哀牢山地区在新生代处于强烈的壳幔相互作用时期。以大坪超大型金矿床同位素组成为例开展了示踪学研究,结果表明,成矿物质及成矿流体均以上地幔或下地壳来源为主,成矿过程中有少量地壳浅部的大气饱和水、岩浆水或它们的混合流体的加入。区域地球物理场特征及同位素示踪学研究一致表明,在哀牢山成矿带内矿床形成过程中,伴随有强烈的深部岩浆活动,壳幔相互作用对该地区矿床的形成有重要贡献。