数字地球对二十一世纪人类星球的理解

一场新的技术革命正在使我们获取、存储、处理和显示信息的方法发生天翻地覆的变化,它使得我们对有关我们所处的星球以及周围环境、文化现象等史无前例的海量数据的处理成为可能,而它们中的大部分信息是有关地球的--即与地表位置有关的信息。     

Chemical Composition of the Primitive Mantle Source of Peridotite Inclusions at Mount Lianshan, Liuhe County,Jiangsu Province

This paper presents a study of the major and trace element compositions of fresh mantle-derived spinel lherzolite and harzburgite inclusions from Cenozoic alkaline basalt in Mount Lianshan and Mount Panshi, Liuhe County, Jiangsu Province. An estimation is made of the contents of the major elements and some of the trace elements in the primitive mantle source region of the area, from which the authors have obtained MgO/Al2O3= 7.86. The contents of MgO and Al2O3 are also obtained as 37.58% and 4.78% respectively based on the correlation of MgO-Al2O3. Then, the contents of various elements in the primitive mantle are calculated using their regression equations with MgO, and the compositor) of the primitive mantle, a basic issue in geochemistry study, is discussed on that basis.     

广西沿海台风暴潮动力分析

本文在建立广西沿海台风暴潮数值模式的基础上,选取4个不同路径的台风暴潮过程,讨论了各水文、气象、地理因子对广西沿海台风暴潮的贡献,并将风应力效应增水与气压效应增水进行了对比分析。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SEASONAL MOVEMENTS OF SUBTROPICAL HIGH RIDGE LINE Ⅱ.VAPOR CONDENSATION HEATING

The seasonal movement and jumping of subtropical high ridge line were simulated in the previous paper by using the two-dimensional zonal average model to consider the solar radiation heating. In this paper, the simulation is made by means of the same model considering water vapor condensation heating released from the rainfall belt north of subtropical high in addition to the solar radiation heating.The basic characteristics such as the northward seasonal jumping can still be simulated, and the condensation heating in the model can make the subtropical high ridge line move to the position a little further south than that without the condensation heating. Therefore, it may be realized that the basic characteristics of seasonal movement of subtropical high depend mainly on the solar radiation heating, but the meridional departure of ridge line from its normal latitude position is due to the feedback of drought-waterlogging in the precipitation area to the north of subtropical high.     

坛子网渔获物的组成分析

利用Sorensen相似性指数Ss、Shannon—Weiner多样性指数H、均匀度指数J，针对山东省日照市坛子网(张网的1种)的渔获物组成进行了生物统计分析。结果表明坛子网的选择性能差，在捕捞小型甲壳类时，会混捕小型鱼类和经济幼稚鱼等大量副渔获。为合理开发利用这些小型甲壳类资源，促进渔业的可持续发展，开展坛子网等张网类渔具的选择性能的研究，具有重要的现实意义。     

经济新常态下我国土地利用形势分析

本文以数据为基础,分析了近年来我国经济新常态下土地利用的总体形势,包括:耕地面积减速趋缓,耕地质量有所提升;伴随经济增速放缓和发展方式转变,建设用地供应在2013年出现拐点,供地结构逐步调整优化;土地利用效率显著提升,土地边际效益明显递减等.总结了耕地保护面临建设占用和生态保护双重压力、建设用地供应存在结构性错配和低效闲置等4方面问题.在此基础上,提出加强耕地保护和土地供给侧改革等5方面建议.     

“十二五”期间我国矿产资源开发利用的形势和特点分析

本文根据系统的统计数据阐述了“十二五”期间我国矿产资源开发的基本情况和特点,分析指出矿业秩序治理整顿、矿业企业整合等措施有效地提升了我国矿山开发规模化、集约化的程度.同时,分析研究了“十二五”期间我国矿山企业取得的经济效益和矿业投资情况,对未来我国矿产资源开发的前景进行了展望.     

Characteristics of Temperature Change in China over the Last 2000 years and Spatial Patterns of Dryness/Wetness during Cold and Warm Periods

This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃(100 yr)~(-1); however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern: dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China.     

基于易拼图(EPT)的ADS80数据的数字正射影像制作方法

结合南四湖下级湖抬高蓄水位影响项目中1∶2 000 DOM生产实际情况,介绍了ADS80航空摄影测量系统的优势和DOM生产的自动化软件EPT,详细阐述了基于EPT的数字正射影像的快速制作方法以及涉及的关键技术.试验结果表明,ADS80数据和EPT软件都能提高生产DOM的效率.     

青藏高原两类下垫面地表能量分配对气候要素的响应研究

利用青藏高原北麓河观测站（退化高寒草甸）和玛曲观测站（高寒草原）2014年地面观测资料,通过组合分类法,对比分析了两类下垫面生长季土壤含水量、水汽压差和净辐射对地表能量分配的直接影响和间接影响,并且利用路径分析法研究了影响地表能量分配的关键气候因子。结果表明:北麓河站和玛曲站潜热占比（潜热通量与地表可利用能量的比值）对土壤含水量的响应分别处于土壤水分抑制阶段和能量抑制阶段。其中,北麓河站潜热占比在水汽压差较大时随土壤含水量增长较快,受净辐射的影响较小;而玛曲站潜热占比随土壤含水量的变化趋势受水汽压差和净辐射的影响均较小。北麓河站潜热占比随水汽压差的增大先减小后趋于不变,并且潜热占比对水汽压差的敏感性随土壤含水量的增大而减小;而玛曲站潜热占比随水汽压差的增大先增大后趋于不变,几乎不受土壤含水量和净辐射的影响。北麓河站和玛曲站潜热占比均随净辐射的增大趋于稳定,其稳定值分别与土壤含水量和水汽压差有关。路径分析结果显示,降水是影响北麓河站潜热占比的主要气候因子,而气温是影响玛曲站潜热占比的主要气候因子。