碧流河水库流域人工增雨的强降水天气类型分析

利用 1992～2001年人工增雨主作业期内大连碧流河水库流域 13个雨量观测点的降水量资料 ,结合天气图 ,分析降水过程开始时的天气形势和高低空系统配置 ,对降水天气进行分类。结果表明 :冷涡型、台风型、切变型、副热带高压后部西风槽型可作为实施人工增雨作业的天气系统。     

对南加州加纳谷井下台阵地方震记录资料的浅层各向异性的观测

研究了加纳谷(南加州)加速度传感器垂直台阵记录的剪切波在浅层(<200m)的各向异性效应。应用埋深在结晶基岩(220m)、风化结晶岩(22m)及沉积岩(15,6和0m)的传感器记录的地震事件,我们分析了剪切波的竖向传播走时和在不同深度处的偏振方向。剪切波水平分量的速矢端迹图展示了明显的线性的和固定的偏振方向,与地震位置和震源机制无关。偏振取向随深度而变化,在220m深度是N325°±13°,而在22,15,6和0m深度处是N25°±20°。(a)对剪切波在深部(>220m)的传播,220m深度处的偏振方向和距7km的美国地质调查局KNW台站观测得到的结果是一致的。通过对本区地震资料的处理研究,我们可以推断岩石构造各向异性是由矿物和(或)微裂纹沿某一方向的定向排列引起的。(b)对于剪切波在浅部的传播(<220m),观测到220m和22m间的快剪切波偏振方向为N0°±20°,且速度快8±2％。快、慢剪切波之间的传播延迟大致等于信号的半个主周期,且地表下质点的线性偏振可据椭圆运动的主方向来确定。N±20°的快剪切波偏振方向与圣安德烈斯断层区的水平最大主压应力方向一致。浅层各向异性的范围与蚀变花岗岩形成的低速有关。本文认为,介质各向异性或者是由应力在蚀变(如热液)介质中孔隙或裂纹发生形变引起的,或者是由两个具有不同线状构造方向的结晶岩单元的叠加而形成的。记录资料显示出,在0～200m的浅层中,各向异性强烈影响了小于30Hz的正常频段范围内的短周期地表记录。     

加油站防雷浅析

由于加油站具有的特殊性,一旦受雷击,就会造成极大的危害,因此应采取有效的防护措施,以避免雷电的危害。     

新疆三塘湖盆地二叠系湖相白云岩形成机理初探

利用薄片染色、微量元素和稳定同位素测试等方法对三塘湖盆地中二叠统芦草沟组与湖相暗色泥岩共存的白云岩的形成机理进行了探讨。白云岩分为纹层状藻云岩和斑块白云岩两种类型。白云岩的微量元素和同位素特征表明其形成于较高盐度、高Mg/Ca比、强还原的沉积环境。通过对白云岩镁离子来源的分析,认为纹层状藻云岩形成于准同生期,而斑块白云岩则是在埋藏成岩期火山物质淋滤、交代作用下形成的。     

基于线性光谱混合分解和最大似然分类相结合的土地覆被分类——以红寺堡灌区为例

采用线性光谱混合分解和最大似然分类相结合的方法,对宁夏红寺堡灌区开发前1989年的土地覆被状况进行分类。分类时,以基准端元为分类特征,分类函数稳定,分类结果易于解释。研究结果表明,基于混合像元分解丰度图的最大似然分类总体精度为77.53%,比应用原始影像直接进行最大似然分类的总体精度提高了9.8%。同时,为提高分类精度,本研究对分类结果进行了分类后处理以满足实际需求。     

The contribution of urban runoff to organic contaminant levels in harbour sediments near two Norwegian cities

The main aim of the present study was to compare the quality of particle emissions (urban runoff and settling particles in rivers and harbours) to the quality of top-layer bed sediments, for two Norwegian harbours (Oslo and Drammen). A sub-aim was to investigate whether non-industrial urban runoff contributed to the organotin load of sediments, apart from leaching from ship hulls. Time-integrated samples of stormwater runoff were obtained in an innovative manner, by sampling man-holes in the stormwater system. Settling particles were sampled with sediment traps. The study focused on PAHs, PCBs and organotin compounds. Contaminant levels were generally a factor of 2-10 (PAHs) and 3-30 (TBT) lower in emitted riverine and runoff particles than in top-layer bed sediments, except for PCBs in Oslo harbour (only 20-30% lower). Significant levels of tributyltin (TBT; median 140mug/kg) were shown in runoff particles, showing that TBT can also be emitted via urban sources, since the sampled man-holes were not in areas where dry-docking activities take place. Possible land-based TBT sources include long-lasting house paint and use of TBT as PVC stabilizer and timber preservative. Since there are ongoing emissions into the two studied harbour areas, it is concluded that the addition of an actively sorbing capping material such as activated carbon might be the best remediation alternative.     

Contaminants still high in top-level carnivores in the Southern California Bight: levels of DDT and PCBs in resident and transient pinnipeds

Highly industrialized areas, such as the Southern California Bight, often have high levels of contaminants in marine sediments, which can cause chronic exposure to organisms long after their use has ceased. tDDT and tPCB were analyzed in the blubber of 145 stranded pinnipeds that died at local marine mammal centers between 1994 and 2006. Resident species (California sea lion and Pacific harbor seal) had significantly higher concentrations of tDDT and tPCB than the transient species (northern elephant seal). Adult female California sea lions had significantly lower concentrations of tDDT and tPCB than pups, yearlings, and adult males. Concentrations of both tDDT and tPCB in California sea lions significantly declined over time, but did not change in northern elephant seals. Current concentrations of tDDT and tPCB in California sea lions and harbor seals are among the highest values reported worldwide for marine mammals and exceed those reported to cause adverse health effects.     

GRAPES区域集合预报对2019年中国汛期降水预报评估

2019年,数值预报中心开发了以GRAPES全球模式为驱动场,集合变换卡尔曼滤波为初值扰动方法,随机物理过程倾向项为模式扰动方法的10km水平分辨率GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式,并投入业务运行.基于该模式,作者开展了2019年7～9月夏季降水不确定性的集合预报实时试验,并从统计检验和个例分析角度,与...     

海岸带信息管理系统与风暴潮预警子系统开发

使用ＧＩＳ工具软件ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ的二次开发语言ＭａｐＢａｓｉｃ及可视化开发语言Ｄｅｌｐｈｉ,初步完成了江苏省海岸带信息管理系统及风暴预警子系统的开发。结果表明：（１）研制的风暴潮预警系统有较好的可操作性;（２）应用ＧＩＳ技术与风暴潮数值预报等应用模型相结合是实现风暴潮预警的有效手段。