Contaminants still high in top-level carnivores in the Southern California Bight: levels of DDT and PCBs in resident and transient pinnipeds

Highly industrialized areas, such as the Southern California Bight, often have high levels of contaminants in marine sediments, which can cause chronic exposure to organisms long after their use has ceased. tDDT and tPCB were analyzed in the blubber of 145 stranded pinnipeds that died at local marine mammal centers between 1994 and 2006. Resident species (California sea lion and Pacific harbor seal) had significantly higher concentrations of tDDT and tPCB than the transient species (northern elephant seal). Adult female California sea lions had significantly lower concentrations of tDDT and tPCB than pups, yearlings, and adult males. Concentrations of both tDDT and tPCB in California sea lions significantly declined over time, but did not change in northern elephant seals. Current concentrations of tDDT and tPCB in California sea lions and harbor seals are among the highest values reported worldwide for marine mammals and exceed those reported to cause adverse health effects.     

新疆主要湖泊、水库的水质综合特征评价模式及营养状态分析

湖泊、水库水质恶化和富营养化已成为近年来较突出的环境问题。根据实测资料,采用水质综合评价模式对新疆主要湖泊、水库水质现状给出以《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）为依据的水质综合特征模式。该模式给出的信息量大,表达直观,不仅能给出各水质参数的水质类别,确定水域类别依据的参数,还能给出超Ⅴ类水质参数的超标倍数。对湖泊、水库的营养状态做出评价,对于近一步研究湖、库水环境演变有着重要意义。     

新疆乌鲁木齐地区中二叠统芦草沟组湖相微生物成因白云石特征*

新疆乌鲁木齐地区红雁池南剖面中二叠统芦草沟组主要发育浅湖至半深湖背景下的中、薄层深灰色白云岩、灰岩、粉砂岩与中、厚层灰黑色页岩、泥岩互层。白云岩主要由泥晶白云石、铁白云石及少量方解石、高镁方解石组成,富含有机质。白云石粒径约3～10 μm,阴极发光呈现均匀昏暗的砖红色。白云石主要有微球状（直径约5～8 μm）、微簇状（长度约2 μm）及他形（1～10 μm）等3种微形貌。微球状白云石具有显微纹层结构,似为生长纹层,放大至6万倍发现显微纹层是由无数纳米级颗粒构成。他形白云石放大至4万倍发现主要由大量直径约0.25 μm的球状微粒聚集粘结而成,具有微生物矿化的特征。将研究区白云石与现代典型微生物成因白云石相比,其显微形态特征非常相似。研究区白云岩δ¹³C_PDB为1.8‰～13.8‰,δ¹⁸O_PDB为-12.1‰～-4.1‰,偏高的δ¹³C可能是产甲烷菌活动引起有机质碳同位素分馏的结果。以上特征表明,芦草沟组具有特殊形貌白云石的沉淀很可能与厌氧微生物密切相关。     

GRAPES区域集合预报对2019年中国汛期降水预报评估

2019年,数值预报中心开发了以GRAPES全球模式为驱动场,集合变换卡尔曼滤波为初值扰动方法,随机物理过程倾向项为模式扰动方法的10km水平分辨率GRAPES-REPS V3.0区域集合预报模式,并投入业务运行.基于该模式,作者开展了2019年7～9月夏季降水不确定性的集合预报实时试验,并从统计检验和个例分析角度,与...     

碧流河水库流域人工增雨的强降水天气类型分析

利用 1992～2001年人工增雨主作业期内大连碧流河水库流域 13个雨量观测点的降水量资料 ,结合天气图 ,分析降水过程开始时的天气形势和高低空系统配置 ,对降水天气进行分类。结果表明 :冷涡型、台风型、切变型、副热带高压后部西风槽型可作为实施人工增雨作业的天气系统。     

沈阳市矿泉水资源开发利用的思考

当今世界水源污染与水资源短缺问题并存,而我国又是一个水资源贫乏的国家,人均水资源仅为世界平均水平的四分之一。据统计,全国600多个城市中存在不同程度缺水的有400余个。水资源是宝贵的,而矿泉水作为水中精品,则更显珍贵。对其实施合理的开发利用,对改善人民生活质量,保护资源与环境,促进经济社会的可持续发展都具有重要的意义。     

Histopathology of mussels (Mytilus sp.) from the Tamar estuary, UK

This study assessed numerous histological parameters as markers of health status in mussels (Mytilus spp.) collected from several locations along a contamination gradient on the River Tamar and two coastal sites on the north and south coast of Cornwall, UK. Twenty-seven health parameters were assessed including the presence of pathogens, inflammatory lesions, non-specific pathologies and reproductive condition. Logistic regression showed that reproductive condition and inflammatory lesions showed changes indicative of a contamination gradient response. Mussel populations further upstream within the Tamar were relatively less developed compared to mussels situated downstream in the estuary. Compared to coastal locations, mussels sampled within the Tamar also exhibited a higher prevalence of inflammatory lesions that increased at locations situated furthest upstream. Similarly, levels of lipofuscin within the kidney epithelium were highest in mussels sampled within the estuary and Whitsand Bay compared to Trebarwith Strand. The most prevalent pathogens observed during this survey included Rickettsia/Chlamydia-like organisms (R/CLO), gill ciliates including Ancistrum mytili, the copepod Mytilicola intestinalis, Ciliophora-like organisms and Marteilia sp. Marteilia sp. was observed in 31% of the mussels sampled from the Cremyll Ferry site. Generally, the range and prevalence of pathogens was highest from the two estuarine locations at Cremyll Ferry and Wilcove. No significant differences were observed between estuarine sampling sites and Whitsand Bay with respect to median epithelial cell height of digestive tubules, however mussels from Trebarwith Strand did exhibit a reduced median epithelial cell height compared to mussels sampled from other sampling sites. Species genotyping was also undertaken during this study in order to consider any histological differences in relation to species. Results are discussed in relation to histopathology health parameters and biological effects monitoring.     

基于应变释放阶段的华北第三、四活动期地震幕划分

华北地区第三、四活动期强震应变释放存在起始-加速-平稳-高潮-调整的阶段性特征.结合两个活动期M≥6地震时序特征和应变释放的阶段性特点,将华北地区第三活动期划分为4个平静幕和5个活跃幕,将第四活动期迄今划分为4个平静幕和4个活跃幕.认为两个活动期相应活跃幕在时间进程上有较好的一致性,反映了一个地震活动期内的强震活动规律,可以对比并预测未来的强震活动.     

中国东部海域岩石层S波速度结构

一、引言中国东部海域是全球板块构造体中的一个特殊区域,它的形成和发展及其内部各种地质现象与欧亚板块、太平洋板块、菲律宾板块间的相对运动和相互作用紧密相关。由于新生代以来板块间强烈的相互作用,造就了该区域丰富多样的构造单元,地壳-上地幔横向分布极不均匀。本文研究区域如图1中所示,在东经114°～145°,