Rapid Urbanization Induced Extensive Forest Loss to Urban Land in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,China

China has experienced rapid urbanizations with dramatic land cover changes since 1978. Forest loss is one of land cover changes, and it induces various eco-environmental degradation issues. As one of China’s hotspot regions, the Guangdong-Hong KongMacao Greater Bay Area(GBA) has undergone a dramatic urban expansion. To better understand forest dynamics and protect forest ecosystem, revealing the processes, patterns and underlying drivers of forest loss is essential. This study focused on the spatiotemporal evolution and potential driving factors of forest loss in the GBA at regional and city level. The Landsat time-series images from 1987 to2017 were used to derive forest, and landscape metrics and geographic information system(GIS) were applied to implement further spatial analysis. The results showed that: 1) 14.86% of the total urban growth area of the GBA was obtained from the forest loss in1987–2017;meanwhile, the forest loss area of the GBA reached 4040.6 km2, of which 25.60%(1034.42 km2) was converted to urban land;2) the percentages of forest loss to urban land in Dongguan(19.14%), Guangzhou(18.35%) and Shenzhen(15.81%) were higher than those in other cities;3) the forest became increasingly fragmented from 1987–2007, and then the fragmentation decreased from2007 to 2017);4) the landscape responses to forest changes varied with the scale;and 5) some forest loss to urban regions moved from low-elevation and gentle-slope terrains to higher-elevation and steep-slope terrains over time, especially in Shenzhen and Hong Kong.Urbanization and industrialization greatly drove forest loss and fragmentation, and, notably, hillside urban land expansion may have contributed to hillside forest loss. The findings will help policy makers in maintaining the stability of forest ecosystems, and provide some new insights into forest management and conservation.     

东海围垦滩地强夯作用下孔隙水压力响应试验研究

围垦滩地饱和粉土地基属于软土地基的一种,其含水量高,渗透性差,强夯加固作用使地基土中的孔隙水压力瞬时升高,且短时间内得不到消散,容易出现“橡皮土”。通过现场试验研究了饱和粉土地基在强夯作用下孔隙水压力的响应规律,确定了两遍强夯之间的间歇时间和强夯的影响深度,以便优化强夯参数,正确指导强夯施工。     

编织袋充填砂结构在围堰工程中的应用

结合青岛市四方区围海造地工程的实例,分析了在厚度较大的软弱地基层上水下铺设大型编织布袋作为围堰的主体结构的优点和结构特点,重点介绍了施工工艺以及在施工过程中需注意的问题。     

基于成像高光谱数据的高低潮潮位线提取方法研究

以蓬莱西海岸西庄至栾家口岸段作为研究区,利用机载成像高光谱数据,对比航空垂直影像图和野外调查结果,通过分析砂质、黑泥砂质和黄泥砂质3种海岸类型的光谱特征,建立分类识别模型,完成了对3种海岸类型的分类处理,确定出湿滩和干滩范围,并进一步提取出高潮潮位线和低潮潮位线。     

基于双隐层ANN模型的叶绿素a浓度智能预报方法

利用2019年5月WZ02生态浮标监测数据,建立了两种不同隐层人工神经网络(ANN)模型的叶绿素a(Chl-a)智能预报方法,并对单隐层和双隐层模型的预测结果做了对比.结果表明:双隐层结构预测结果精度更高,泛化能力更强,一定程度上说明了深层学习比浅层学习对信息的主要特征提取能力更有优势.同时,对数据样本集合进行了系统预...     

中国地震紧急救援理论研究

如何满足国家和社会对地震应急的需求,进一步发展我国的地震应急工作,是地震界面临的课题。根据目前地震应急的现状,提出了以下2个有关地震应急理论的创新点:地震速报的基本模式,新闻媒体传播地震消息模式,地震应急预案启动模式,地震考察地区性差异,地震灾害死伤的基础数据模式,地震应急期分期模式,地震应急期救援真空模式,地震应急期黑箱、灰箱、白箱模式,地震救援队伍的后勤模式,国外地震救援队到中国参加救援法规模式,地震受灾体分类模式,新建和加固农村公共建筑提高一度模式。并且给予了论述。     

基于激光雷达测风数据的复杂地形下风力机尾流特性研究

以张家口某处风电场为实验场地,采用两台多普勒激光雷达(Wind3D 6000和WindMast WP350)分别测量风力机的尾流和来流风速,对全尾流、半尾流和独立尾流3种工况进行研究。结果表明,3种工况下随着尾流发展尾流宽度均不断变大,而尾流深度和速度衰减则不断减小;全尾流和半尾流工况中,上游风力机的存在会增加下游风力机尾流宽度,且全尾流比半尾流的增加量大;全尾流和半尾流工况中,相较于上游风力机,下游风力机尾流深度和速度衰减均较小。     

复杂地形条件下城市热岛及局地环流特征的数值模拟

应用基于多层城市冠层方案BEP(Building Environment Parameterization)增加室内空调系统影响的建筑物能量模式BEM(Building Energy Model)方案的WRF模式,模拟研究重庆热岛的特征、成因以及局地环流对热岛形成的影响。文中共有两个算例,一为重庆真实下垫面算例,称之为URBAN算例,二为将城市下垫面替换为耕地下垫面的对比算例,称之为NOURBAN算例。结果表明:1)WRF方案模拟结果与观测2 m气温的对比吻合较好,误差主要出现在正午温度峰值和凌晨温度谷值处,由城市下垫面特性及城市内建筑分布误差引起。2)BEP+BEM方案较好地模拟出了重庆地区的热岛分布的空间和时间特征。重庆市温度的分布受地形和城市下垫面的双重影响,越靠近城区,温度的分布受城市化影响就越大,在海拔低处,温度就越高。3)城区立体三维表面对辐射的陷阱作用导致城市表面总体反射率小,向上短波辐射小于郊区约20 W/m~2。城市表面以感热排放为主,而郊区则表现为潜热的作用占主导。夜间城市地表储热以及空调废热向大气释放,是城市热岛形成的重要原因。4)模拟区域背景风场主要为东南风,局地环流呈现出越靠近山区风速越大、城市区域风速较小的特性,体现了城市密集的建筑群对低层大气流场的空气动力学效应,以及复杂山谷地形的山谷风环流特性。在市区的西侧和东南侧均有高大山脉阻挡,山脉对城市出流的阻碍作用、气流越山与绕流运动对城市热岛的形成有一定影响。     

面向野外地质调查工作的道路提取方法研究

为弥补传统的依靠管理组织、法律、经济、教育等进行对野外地质工作安全管理工作的不足,通过百度SDK采集GPS步行轨迹数据,基于单向GPS轨迹数据的特点,进行轨迹的分割分段处理.最后利用BP神经网络算法拟合道路,通过反复实验确定BP网络的参数配置信息.并以中国地质大学西区为研究区域,提取路网信息,验证算法的有效性和实用性....     

Organized Warm-Sector Rainfall in the Coastal Region of South China in an Anticyclone Synoptic Situation: Observational Analysis

Organized warm-sector rainfall(OWSR) near the coast of South China tends to occur in certain synoptic situations characterized with either a low-level jet or an anticyclone, with the latter being less investigated. This paper fills the gap by analyzing 15 OWSR events that occurred in an anticyclone synoptic situation during the pre-summer rainy season of 2011–2016, based on high-resolution observational and reanalysis data. The results show that the anticyclone synoptic situation produces marked northerly boundary-layer winds inland and obvious northeasterly,easterly/southwesterly, and southeasterly boundary-layer winds near the coasts of eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong, and Guangxi, respectively. The coastal boundary-layer winds promote favorable environmental conditions and strong convergence for convection initiation; consequently, OWSR is prone to occur near the coasts of western Guangdong and Guangxi, but exhibits different formation and propagation features in the following two subareas.(1) The southeasterly boundary-layer winds tend to converge near the border area between Guangxi and Guangdong(BGG), promoting the formation of a stable convective line along the mountains. The convective line persists with support of upper-level southwesterly winds that facilitate convective cells to propagate along the convective line, producing heavy OWSR along the mountains near BGG.(2) In contrast, a west–east convective line tends to form and maintain near the coast of Yangjiang(YJ) area, about 200 km east of BGG, owing to stable convergence between the easterly(or southwesterly) and the northerly boundary-layer winds reinforced by the mountains near YJ. Moreover, the coupling of upper-level westerly winds with the easterly(southwesterly) boundary-layer winds facilitates expansion(eastward propagation) of the convective line, causing west–east-oriented heavy OWSR near the coast of YJ. In a word, this study reveals refined properties of OWSR initiation and development in the anticyclone synoptic situation, which may help improve the forecast skill of OWSR during the pre-summer rainy season in South China.