大别-苏鲁榴辉岩和石榴辉石岩中矿物Ce异常: 对氧化环境下形成沉积物深俯冲作用的示踪

准分子激光ICP-MS矿物原位微区分析发现, 来自大别-苏鲁超高压变质带典型地区(双河、毛屋、碧溪岭及仰口)的榴辉岩和石榴辉石岩中石榴石Ce异常从正到负高度变化. 绿辉石或单斜辉石也表现出类似的Ce异常特征, 但变化幅度小于石榴石. 这种Ce异常高度变化的现象仅见于氧化条件下形成的强烈风化剖面中. 因此, 这一结果表明大别-苏鲁榴辉岩和石榴辉石岩中存在氧化条件下形成的风化沉积物, 这些陆壳物质的深俯冲对地幔的改造和物质再循环可能具有重要意义.     

加拿大安大略省赫姆洛金矿的稳定同位素和痕量元素研究

1981年在加拿大安大略省发现的赫姆洛(Hemlo)金矿是目前北美最大的金矿之一,探明储量已超过600t。赫姆洛金矿在太古代晚期地层中沿层产出,矿体形状规则、规模巨大,矿石品位均匀,具有同生层状矿床的特征。但同时,它的元素组合和围岩蚀变又显示出浅成热液矿床的某些特点。所有这些特点,使得赫姆洛金矿成为一个有重大经济价值和科学研究意义的新型矿床。 我们自1985年以来,对赫姆洛金矿的微量元素和各种稳定同位素组成进行了详细的研究,为阐明矿床的成因和晚太古代水圈和大气圈的状况提供了一系列重要依据。     

Identification of heterogeneous aquifer transmissivity using an AE-based method

Determination of hydraulic head, H, as a function of spatial coordinates and time, in ground water flow is the basis for aquifer management and for prediction of contaminant transport. Several computer codes are available for this purpose. Spatial distribution of the transmissivity, T(x,y), is a required input to these codes. In most aquifers, T varies in an erratic manner, and it can be characterized statistically in terms of a few moments: the expected value, the variance, and the variogram. Knowledge of these moments, combined with a few measurements, permits one to estimate T at any point using geostatistical methods. In a review of transmissivity data from 19 unconsolidated aquifers, Hoeksema and Kitanidis (1985) identified two types of the logtransmissivity Y= ln(T) variations: correlated variations with variance sigma2Yc and correlation scale, I(Y), on the order of kilometers, and uncorrelated variations with variance sigma2Yn. Direct identification of the logtransmissivity variogram, Gamma(Y), from measurements is difficult because T data are generally scarce. However, many head measurements are commonly available. The aim of the paper is to introduce a methodology to identify the transmissivity variogram parameters (sigma2Yc, I(Y), and sigma2Yn) using head data in formations characterized by large logtransmissivity variance. The identification methodology uses a combination of precise numerical simulations (carried out using analytic element method) and a theoretical model. The main objective is to demonstrate the application of the methodology to a regional ground water flow in Eagle Valley basin in west-central Nevada for which abundant transmissivity and head measurements are available.     

A comparative analysis of three habitat suitability models for commercial yield estimation of Tapes philippinarum in a North Adriatic coastal lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Italy)

Habitat Suitability (HS) models have been extensively used by conservation planners to estimate the spatial distribution of threatened species and of species of commercial interest. In this work we compare three HS models for the estimation of commercial yield potential and the identification of suitable sites for Tapes philippinarum rearing in the Sacca di Goro lagoon (Italy) on the basis of six environmental factors. The habitat suitability index (HSI) is based on expert opinion while the habitat suitability conditional (HSC) is calibrated on observational data. The habitat suitability mixed (HSM) model is a two-part model combining expert knowledge and regression analysis: the first component of the model uses logistic regression to identify the areas in which clams are likely to be present; the second part applies the same parameter-specific suitability functions of the HSI model only in the areas previously identified as productive by the logistic component. The HS models were validated on an independent data set and estimates of potential yield of the Goro lagoon were compared. The effectiveness of the three approaches is then discussed in terms of predicted yield and identification of suitable sites for farming.     

事件层的保存潜力探讨

影响事件层保存潜力的主要因素有 :纯粹的沉积速率、生物成因的混合速率以及机械改造的规模,可以从时间规模 (过渡时间和消除时间 )的角度来考虑事件层保存潜力。基底的机械改造同样对于事件层和正常天气下的沉积物的保存具有重要影响。综合分析影响事件层保存潜力的各种因素表明,在近基的临滨带中、上部及滨外带下部,事件层具有较高的保存潜力,而在近基及远基两端之间的临滨带下部及滨外带上部,事件层保存潜力较低.     

新疆塔里木盆地西部晚白垩世—早第三纪的沟鞭藻及疑源类

一、前言 新疆塔里木盆地西缘上白垩统一下第三系含有丰富的沟鞭藻及疑源类,此外多种无脊椎动物化石也很丰富。余静贤和张望平已对该区晚白垩世的沟鞭藻和疑源类作过初步研究。郝诒纯和曾学鲁等则对该区晚白垩世—早第三纪的有孔虫作了详细的研究。     

Bacterial killing by Mytilus hemocyte monolayers as a model for investigating the signaling pathways involved in mussel immune defence

The signaling pathways involved in mussel immune defence were investigated utilizing a model of killing of Escherichia coli by Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes in a co-culture setting. In particular, the role played by different mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and by the production of eicosanoids were investigated utilising specific cell permeant, pharmacological enzyme inhibitors. Hemocyte pretreatment with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced bacterial killing, whereas PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK--extracellularly regulated kinase--MAPK activation) had no significant effect. Wortmannin also inhibited bacterial killing, indicating a crucial role for PI3-kinase activation in the immune response. Killing of E. coli was also reduced by inhibitors of both PLA2 and cyclooxygenase activities, indicating that eicosanoid production is involved in mediating the response to bacterial challenge. The results demonstrate that bacterial killing by mussel hemocytes is particularly sensitive to inhibitors of the key steps involved in the transduction of bacterial signals into the host cell. Moreover, these data indicate that the hemocyte bactericidal activity can be suitably utilized not only for identifying the signaling pathways involved in the response to bacterial infection, but also as a potential investigative-toxicology model to test drugs and contaminants for their effect on the overall mussel immune defence.     

用电子束CT作冠状动脉血管造影

本文介绍用电子束ＣＴ作冠状动脉可视化造影的方法,说明本项成就的特征和在应用这项技术的局限性,并指出这种技术在临床上,可能成为新无创伤性的诊断工具。     

阿拉伯地盾南部的年龄和演化

阿拉伯地盾前寒武纪火山岩和深成岩的铷—锶法研究指出,在9亿和6.8亿年前之间,阿拉伯半岛有陆壳的早期发育。地质研究表明,克拉通内的岛—弧环境沿南北向或北西向轴,以具安山岩(闪长岩)岩浆活动、火山碎屑沉积、快速沉淀作用和同期变形为特征。沙特阿拉伯西部和西南部所见年龄为9—8亿度的最早深成岩是闪长岩到奥长花岗岩岩基。年龄为7.5—6.8亿年的较新岩石组分则从石英闪长岩到花岗闪长岩变化,这些组份在阿拉伯地盾的中南部和东部变得更多了。上述两组岩石的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始值为0.7023到0.7030,平均为0.7027。沉积地层中硅铝质岩屑的缺失和岛—弧环境事件意味着板块和大洋岩圈之间,阿拉伯陆壳早期发育产生在会聚板块边缘上,随之发生与俯冲作用有关的岩浆作用和构造作用,称之为汉志构造旋回。在阿拉伯和非洲东部,以泛非事件为代表的碰撞事件期间,阿拉伯为非洲元古宙板块所缝合,延伸到从6.5亿年前到至少5.4亿年,甚至可能到5.2亿年前。当9亿至5亿年期间,尽管俯冲作用和大陆碰撞作用在此板块会聚的简单板块构造模式为代表,根据泛非事件的年龄差异以及汉志造山运动岩浆作用和构造作用的差异,支持了至少可划分为两个事件的看法。主要深成侵入作用时期的分布表明,汉志旋回期间,岩浆和构造活动轴是向东或向北东移动的。然而,泛非事件的花岗闪长岩到花岗岩深成作用说明它们随年龄并没有限定的地理变化,而且深成岩分布在整个阿拉伯地盾中。     

Comet assay in phytoplankton as biomarker of genotoxic effects of environmental pollution

The alkaline comet assay was tested on different microalgae: the dinoflagellates, Karenia mikimotoi and Alexandrium minutum, and the diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis. The microalgae were exposed during their exponential growth to the model direct genotoxicant, hydrogen peroxide (1h, 5 and 100muM H2O2). Following H2O2 exposure, the comet assay was validated only for K. mikimotoi for which genotoxicity was observed from the lowest tested concentration of 5 microM with a concentration-dependent effect. C. gracilis was too small in size (4 microm) to be correctly analysed. For A. minutum, our lysis buffer was not strong enough to digest the cellulosic thecal plates. For K. mikimotoi, the comet assay was thus applied for the study of the genotoxic effects of different pesticides: epoxiconazole (as Opus formulation), chlorpyriphos-ethyl (as Dursban formulation) and endosulfan at 1, 10 and 100 microg of active substance/L for 24h. Exposure to epoxiconazole in formulation resulted in an increase in the extent of DNA strand breaks at the highest tested concentration icro/L. Endosulfan exposure resulted in DNA damage for K. mikimotoi nuclei. Genotoxicity was observed from 1 microg/L of endosulfan and was not concentration dependent.