The Spatial and Temporal Variatiion of Modern Tectonic Stress Field in North CHina before and after the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake

By using 126 earthquake focal mechanism solutions (M S≥4.7) during the period of 1963～1998, modern tectonic stress field in North China is inverted by means of the step by step convergence. The inversion results indicate that the tectonic stress field in the research region is clearly variational in space and time: (1) The middling principal stress axis σ 2 is basically vertical. The maximum and minimum principal stress axes σ 1 and σ 2 are nearly horizontal, but the azimuths of σ 1 and σ 3 are inconsistent in different districts and periods. (2) Before the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, the three principal stress axes are uniform. The azimuth of maximum principal stress axis σ 1 is 68° (striking in a NEE-SWW direction). (3) After the Tangshan earthquake, the maximum principal stress axis σ 1 and minimum principal stress axis σ 3 have variations in different districts. In the northern area of North China and on the eastern side of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone, the maximum principal stress axis σ 1 is also striking in a NEE-SWW direction. Its azimuth is 68°. It is the same as that before the Tangshan earthquake. In the southern area of North China, the maximum principal stress axis σ 1 is striking in a E-W direction and its azimuth is 87°.     

北天山中东段活动断层滑动与现代构造应力场

利用北天山中段地区主要活动断裂关键构造部位测得的断层滑动数据,采用断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的方法,确定了该区现代(最新构造变动时期)构造应力场的基本特征,结果是:应力方向表现为近南北向的挤压;应力结构以逆冲型为主,兼有走滑型。该结果与前人利用震源机制解资料反演得到的区域构造应力场的基本特征一致。两类不同应力资料反演得到的构造应力场特征具有较好的一致性,表明在一个较长的地质时期内研究区的构造应力作用比较稳定。     

The 20 April 2013 Lushan,Sichuan, mainshock,and its aftershock sequence: tectonic implications

Using the double-difference relocation algorithm,we relocated the 20 April 2013 Lushan,Sichuan,earthquake(MS7.0),and its 4,567 aftershocks recorded during the period between 20 April and May 3,2013.Our results showed that most aftershocks are relocated between10 and 20 km depths,but some large aftershocks were relocated around 30 km depth and small events extended upward near the surface.Vertical cross sections illustrate a shovel-shaped fault plane with a variable dip angle from the southwest to northeast along the fault.Furthermore,the dip angle of the fault plane is smaller around the mainshock than that in the surrounding areas along the fault.These results suggest that it may be easy to generate the strong earthquake in the place having a small dip angle of the fault,which is somewhat similar to the genesis of the 2008Wenchuan earthquake.The Lushan mainshock is underlain by the seismically anomalous layers with low-VP,low-VS,and high-Poisson’s ratio anomalies,possibly suggesting that the fluid-filled fractured rock matrices might significantly reduce the effective normal stress on the fault plane to bring the brittle failure.The seismic gap between Lushan and Wenchuan aftershocks is suspected to be vulnerable to future seismic risks at greater depths,if any.     

龙陵-瑞丽断裂北段晚第四纪活动性特征及强震复发间隔1

野外地质地貌调查表明,龙陵-瑞丽断裂（南支）北段是以左旋走滑为主兼具一定正断分量的区域性活动断裂。断裂晚更新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为2.2mm/a,平均垂直滑动速率为0. 6mm/a;全新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为1.8—3.0mm/a,平均垂直滑动速率为0.5mm/a。断裂在晚更新世以来的滑动速率在不同的时间尺度上变化不大,反映出该断裂晚更新世以来的活动强度比较稳定。利用Poisson模型、Lognormal模型、BPT模型三种概率模型计算获得未来50a强震发震概率分别是：6.32%、0.08%、0.05%;三种模型分别取权重0.28、0.36、0.36,获得龙陵-瑞丽断裂北段未来50a特征地震发震概率为1.82%。     

昆明周边地区活动断层滑动与现代构造应力场

昆明盆地是一个受南北向活动断裂控制的新生代断陷盆地. 昆明盆地及其周边地区共有8条主要断裂带, 野外地震地质调查和断裂滑动观测表明, 南北向和北东向活动断裂以左旋走滑为主, 北西向活动断裂以右旋走滑为主. 采用野外观测取得的22个测点共706条活断层擦痕数据, 利用断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的方法, 计算获得了研究区现代构造应力场主要特征: 昆明盆地及其周边地区现代构造应力场以北北西——南南东向挤压、 北东东——南西西向拉张为特征, 其最大主压应力（sigma;1）方向为333deg;——2deg;, 平均倾角21deg;; 最小主压应力（sigma;3）方向为44deg;——93deg;, 平均倾角14deg;; 中间主应力（sigma;2）倾角较陡, 近垂直. 应力结构均为走滑型. 断层滑动反演结果与震源机制解资料分析结果基本一致.      

龙门山地区上地壳的拱曲冲断作用及其深部动力学机制探讨

地形地貌与区域地质构造分析揭示,龙门山一带上地壳的汇聚作用表现为松潘－甘孜块体东缘的褶皱拱曲与扬子克拉通西缘的高角度叠瓦状冲断,近地表形成了一个巨大的北东向展布的拱曲冲断构造带。松潘－甘孜块体东缘的拱起预示着可能有来自深部的顶托。人工地震测深得到的地壳P波速度结构剖面也揭示,松潘－甘孜块体东缘上地壳普遍有较大范围的拱起,上地壳底部的低速层也同步抬升,其隆起范围与近地表的拱曲冲断带比较一致,说明很可能存在来自中下地壳的上拱作用。面波层析成像揭示松潘－甘孜块体与扬子克拉通具有截然不同的壳幔结构,扬子克拉通速度较高,且不存在低速夹层; 而松潘－甘孜块体速度偏低,地壳明显增厚,且下地壳及地幔上部存在S波低速层,地幔低速层上涌至壳幔过渡带,甚至侵入四川盆地之下,且上涌的范围与地表拱曲冲断带恰巧吻合,推测地幔盖层与下地壳塑性软弱物质的局部上涌促成了上地壳的拱曲。2008年汶川8.0级地震发生在拱曲冲断带中段,最大同震位移场位于龙门山拱曲冲断带及四川盆地西缘,揭示松潘－甘孜块体东缘的拱曲与扬子克拉通西缘的冲断共同受制于两大块体最新的汇聚作用。认为龙门山拱曲冲断构造带是陆内汇聚与壳幔通道流上涌联合作用的结果。爆破地震测深与地震层析成像不显示陆内俯冲图像,两大地块之间中地壳以下似为一近直立的汇聚带,这一构造格架将物质迁移主要限于垂向上,有利于龙门山保持大地形高差,而四川盆地一侧则因难以形成大的构造负载,前陆凹陷作用不显著。