中尼公路滑坡概况

中国一尼泊尔公路沿线地质条件特殊,滑坡变形明显、规模大、机制复杂、危害严重;因此拟对中尼公路沿线滑坡的分布、类型、危害等特征做一总结,并简要分析典型滑坡的成因.     

摩洛哥成矿地质背景与主要矿产资源

摩洛哥受西非克拉通、大西洋和阿尔卑斯造山带三大构造域的联合作用, 其构造历史久远, 太古宙至新元古代早期西非克拉通的构造演化、泛非期构造岩浆活动、早古生代克拉通边缘的裂解与海西造山, 以及中新生代构造活动在该区均有反应。受这种构造背景的控制, 摩洛哥的矿床分布具有一定的时空规律, 太古宙克拉通基底、伊比鲁利亚期岩基及泛非期构造带均有银、铁、铀、钽、铌、金、铜和稀土等矿产出露, 加里东期有沉积型铁矿床产出, 海西期有重要的VMS型铅-锌-铜矿床和矽卡岩型矿床产出, 阿尔卑斯期有磷矿、MVT型铅-锌矿和重晶石矿等产出。沉积成矿作用、岩浆热液成矿作用及构造热液成矿作用在摩洛哥都有显著体现, 最主要的矿产类型为磷酸盐矿、银矿、MVT型铅-锌矿及重晶石矿。     

The effect of typical geological heterogeneities on the performance of managed aquifer recharge: physical experiments and numerical simulations

Understanding the role of geological heterogeneity on the performance of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) in terms of effective groundwater storage is crucial to design MAR systems. Natural aquifers are affected by a variety of geologic strata and structures at different scales, which are responsible for wide ranging hydraulic properties. This study combines physical experiments and numerical modeling to investigate the effect of geologic structures commonly encountered in sedimentary environments, on MAR-induced groundwater flow patterns using injection wells. Models were conceptualized and parametrized based on the hydrogeological conditions of Tailan River basin in arid NW China, which hosts a typical, structurally complex, alluvial-fan aquifer system affected by sediment layering, clay lenses and anticline barriers, and is extensively studied for the strategic potential of MAR in addressing water shortages in the region. Results showed that, compared to a homogeneous scenario, high-permeability aquifer layers shortened groundwater ages, decreased the thickness of the artificially recharged water lenses (ARWLs), and shifted the stagnation points downstream. Clay lenses increased groundwater residence times but had little effect on spatial flow patterns due to their elongation parallel-to-flow direction. Overall groundwater ages, as well as the thickness of ARWLs created through injection on the upstream side of an anticline, increased, and this to a larger extent than through injection on the downstream side, which did not increase significantly compared to the homogeneous scenario. Results provide insights for MAR optimization in naturally heterogeneous aquifer systems, along with a benchmark tool for application to a wide range of typical geological conditions.

     

近场下桥梁结构的地震响应分析

提出采用宽频地震Kanai-Tajimi模型与速度脉冲He-Agrawal模型来模拟近场地震动,数值模拟验证了该近场地震模型的有效性。采用该模型定量分析了近场地震作用对桥梁结构地震响应的影响规律。近场地震动的脉冲持时是对结构产生破坏的一个重要因素,近场地震作用对桥梁结构的设计提出了更高的延性要求。     

气象三要素观测数据的共享

地震仪器不同程度地受气象因素干扰,为此地震台站往往根据不同的前兆仪器,安装相应的气象观测仪。以GPS观测仪器配套的PTR-Ⅲ气象仪为例,分析该仪器共享"十五"观测网络的WYY-1型气象三要素观测仪数据的方法,编写程序实现了自动下载WYY-1气象仪数据,并转换为PTR-Ⅲ气象仪格式,从而减少台站辅助观测仪器的数量,减轻了仪器维护的负担。     

中国海岸侵蚀述要

中国近代海岸侵蚀自50年代末期日渐明显,70年代末期加剧。目前约有70％的沙质海岸和大部分开敞的粉砂淤泥质海岸遭受侵蚀。人工挖沙和河流输沙减少是侵蚀发生的主要原因。海岸侵蚀已危及沿岸房舍、道路、海岸工程、旅游资源。     

近场地震动特性及其弹性与塑性谱的研究

结构在近场地震动作用下的反应和远场地震动作用下的明显不同,这主要是由近场地震动高能量的速度脉冲等特征决定的。通过对110条近场地震动记录的分析．得到了相应的弹性反应谱,并通过对近场地震动和远场地震动作用下结构塑性分析进行对比．得到了以下结论：近场地震动作用下结构的弹性反应谱与规范谱明显不同,尤其在长周期阶段,表明规范谱值偏小;近场地震动作用对结构提出了更高的强度和变形需求。     

楼板隔震消能结构的振动台试验研究

用同一个单层钢框架结构模型,分别做成传统结构体系和楼板隔震消能结构体系。模型在每一种结构体系下分别做模拟地震振动台试验,先后在x向按7度小震和大震烈度输入E l Centro波、Taft波和天津波,比较单层钢框架模型在两种结构体系下的地震反应。试验结果表明,采用楼板隔震消能结构体系能够显著减小结构的加速度反应和底部剪力反应。     

高光谱图像稀疏流形学习方法研究

<正>高光谱图像是由成像光谱仪记录地物对电磁波的反射值而获取,包含从可见光到近红外范围内的数十上百个连续且狭窄的波段。高光谱图像光谱分辨率高,可辨识细微差异的地物,目前已广泛应用于环境监测、精准农业、目标识别和地物分类等领域。在高光谱图像分类中,传统分类方法因数据量大、波段数多、波段间的相关性强而导致"维数灾难"。因此,如何减少波段数且不丢失有用信息是目前高光谱图像分类领域的研究前沿与热点。     

Spatiotemporal patterns of drought at various time scales in Shandong Province of Eastern China

The temporal variations and spatial patterns of drought in Shandong Province of Eastern China were investigated by calculating the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month time scales. Monthly precipitation and air temperature time series during the period 1960–2012 were collected at 23 meteorological stations uniformly distributed over the region. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used to explore the temporal trends of precipitation, air temperature, and the SPEI drought index. S-mode principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the spatial patterns of drought. The results showed that an insignificant decreasing trend in annual total precipitation was detected at most stations, a significant increase of annual average air temperature occurred at all the 23 stations, and a significant decreasing trend in the SPEI was mainly detected at the coastal stations for all the time scales. The frequency of occurrence of extreme and severe drought at different time scales generally increased with decades; higher frequency and larger affected area of extreme and severe droughts occurred as the time scale increased, especially for the northwest of Shandong Province and Jiaodong peninsular. The spatial pattern of drought for SPEI-1 contains three regions: eastern Jiaodong Peninsular and northwestern and southern Shandong. As the time scale increased to 3, 6, and 12 months, the order of the three regions was transformed into another as northwestern Shandong, eastern Jiaodong Peninsular, and southern Shandong. For SPEI-24, the location identified by REOF1 was slightly shifted from northwestern Shandong to western Shandong, and REOF2 and REOF3 identified another two weak patterns in the south edge and north edge of Jiaodong Peninsular, respectively. The potential causes of drought and the impact of drought on agriculture in the study area have also been discussed. The temporal variations and spatial patterns of drought obtained in this study provide valuable information for water resources planning and drought disaster prevention and mitigation in Eastern China.