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41.
本文通过对成都10个重污染日进行天气学分析,将污染浓度与气象要素进行聚类、研究了重污染日形成原因及污染浓度与气象要素的关系。在此基础上,建立了SO_2、TSP日平均浓度分级预报方程。 相似文献
42.
We studied the behavior of magnetic field, horizontal motion and helicity in a fast emerging flux region NOAA 10488 which
eventually forms a δ spot. It is found that the rotation of photospheric footpoints forms in the earlier stage of magnetic
flux emergence and the relative shear motion of different magnetic flux systems appears later in this active region (AR).
Therefore the emerging process of the AR can be separated into two phases: rotation and shear. We have computed the magnetic
helicity injected into the corona using the local correlation tracking (LCT) technique. Furthermore we determined the vertical
component of current helicity density and the vertical component of induction electric fields Ez = (V× B)z in the photosphere. Particularly we have presented the comparison of the injection rate of magnetic helicity and the variation
of the current helicity density. The main results are as follows: (1) The strong shear motion (SSM) between the new emerging
flux system and the old one brings more magnetic helicity into the corona than the twisting motions. (2) After the maturity
of the main bipolar spots, their twist decreases and the SSM becomes dominant and the major contributor of magnetic non-potentiality
in the solar atmosphere in this AR. (3) The positions of the maxima of Ez (about 0.1 ∼ 0.2 V cm−1) shift from the twisting areas to the areas showing SSMs as the AR evolved from the rotation phase to the shear one, but
no obvious correlation is found between the kernels of Hα flare and Ez for the M1.6 flare in this AR. (4) The coronal helicity inferred from the horizontal motion of this AR amounts to −6 × 1043 Mx2. It is comparable with the coronal helicity of ARs producing flares with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) or helicity carried
away by magnetic clouds (MCs) reported in previous studies (Nindos, Zhang, and Zhang, 2003; Nindos and Andrews, 2004). In
addition, the formation of the δ configuration in this AR belongs to the third formation type indicated by Zirin and Liggett
(1987), i.e., collision of opposite polarities from different dipoles, and can be naturally explained by the SSM. 相似文献
43.
We describe how a local plasma structure can be changed by a transverse shear flow using numerical simulation to investigate the disturbance process near the magnetopause. The results show that magnetic field lines are bent by transverse shear flow disturbance near the current sheet region. There are multiple bipolar structures of the normal magnetic field in the numerical simulation. We term this new feature as K-point magnetic reconnection, realistic for discussing space observations. 相似文献
44.
On September 14–18, 2000, a medium-small solar active region was observed at Ganyu Station of Purple Mountain Observatory. Its spots were not large, but it had a peculiar active filament. On Sep.16, a flare of importance IIIb with rather intense geophysical effects was produced. Our computation of the magnetic structure of the active region reveals that the rope-shaped filament was concerned with a low magnetic arc close to magnetic neutral line. An intense shear of magnetic field occurred near magnetic rope. The QSL analysis shows that a 3-D magnetic reconnection might appear in the vicinity of filament, and this can be used to interpret the formation of a large flare. 相似文献
45.
WANGWei-wu ZHULi-zhong WANGRen-chao SHIYong-jung 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(1):39-47
Urban heat environmental quality(UHEQ) is affected by the interacting of weather condition and underlying surface framework of urban area .In the last two decades,many researchers from domestic and overseas have studied many problems at the aspect of urban heat environment such as urban heat islands ,urban air temperature and their rela-tion with urban land cover,city population,air pollution etc,In the recent years,Hangzhou,acting as a center city of Zhejiang Province in China,its urbanization quantum and quantity have both changed greatly,in particular ,representing as business affairs building,resident real property and all kins of specialty market having arisen in built-up zone,Based on Landsat TM images data in 1991 and 1999,urban underlying surface temperature value and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated using image interpreting and supervised classification technique by remote sensing software ERDAS image 8.4,The relation model between urban underlying surface temperature (UUST )and urban air temperature was setup according to the certain correlation patten .Reference to the relational standard of assessing human comfort and other meteorology data of Hangzhou City in summer,the spatial distribution characteristic and the spatial varia-tion degree of human comfort of heat environmental quality are estimated and mapped on a middle scale,that is ,in six districts of Hangzhou City .Then the paper reveals the main characteristic of spatial variation from 1991 to 1999.Lastly,the change mechanism is analyzed and discussed from the viewpoint of city planning,construction and environmental protec-tion. 相似文献
46.
For a Hamiltonian that can be separated into N+1(N\geq 2) integrable parts, four algorithms can be built for a symplectic integrator. This research compares these algorithms for the
first and second order integrators. We found that they have similar local truncation errors represented by error Hamiltonian
but rather different numerical stability. When the computation of the main part of the Hamiltonian, H
0, is not expensive, we recommend to use S
* type algorithm, which cuts the calculation of the H
0 system into several small time steps as Malhotra(1991) did. As to the order of the N+1 parts in one step calculation, we found that from the large to small would get a slower error accumulation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
47.
作者用透射电子显微镜研究了沉积钙质白云石中的带状面缺陷。在衍衬象中面缺陷呈现出特有的条纹衬度,并具有一定的择优取向,它们沿着{018}面排列。面缺陷也可分叉,分枝部分平等于{2-/10}面。根据白云石面缺陷的取向,本文提出了鞍状白云石宏观弯曲面和微观面缺陷的取向关系。 相似文献
48.
In the northern limb of the 2.06-Ga Bushveld Complex, the Platreef is a platinum group elements (PGE)-, Cu-, and Ni-mineralized
zone of pyroxenite that developed at the intrusion margin. From north to south, the footwall rocks of the Platreef change
from Archaean granite to dolomite, hornfels, and quartzite. Where the footwall is granite, the Sr-isotope system is more strongly
perturbed than where the footwall is Sr-poor dolomite, in which samples show an approximate isochron relationship. The Nd-isotope
system for samples of pyroxenite and hanging wall norite shows an approximate isochron relationship with an implied age of
2.17 ± 0.2 Ga and initial Nd-isotope ratio of 0.5095. Assuming an age of 2.06 Ga, the ɛNd values range from −6.2 to −9.6 (ave.
−7.8, n = 17) and on average are slightly more negative than the Main Zone of the Bushveld. These data are consistent with local
contamination of an already contaminated magma of Main Zone composition. The similarity in isotope composition between the
Platreef pyroxenites and the hanging wall norites suggests a common origin. Where the country rock is dolomite, the Platreef
has generally higher plagioclase and pyroxene δ
18O values, and this indicates assimilation of the immediate footwall. Throughout the Platreef, there is considerable petrographic
evidence for sub-solidus interaction with fluids, and the Δ
plagioclase–pyroxene values range from −2 to +6, which indicates interaction at both high and low temperatures. Whole-rock and mineral δD values suggest that the Platreef interacted with both magmatic and meteoric water, and the lack of disturbance to the Sr-isotope
system suggests that fluid–rock interaction took place soon after emplacement. Where the footwall is granite, less negative
δD values suggest a greater involvement of meteoric water. Consistently higher values of Δ
plagioclase–pyroxene in the Platreef pyroxenites and hanging wall norites in contact with dolomite suggest prolonged interaction with CO2-rich fluid derived from decarbonation of the footwall rocks. The overprint of post crystallization fluid–rock interaction
is the probable cause of the previously documented lack of correlation between PGE and sulfide content on the small scale.
The Platreef in contact with dolomite is the focus of the highest PGE grades, and this suggests that dolomite contamination
played a role in PGE concentration and deposition, but the exact link remains obscure. It is a possibility that the CO2 produced by decarbonation of assimilated dolomite enhanced the process of PGE scavenging by sulfide precipitation. 相似文献
49.
The Mordor Alkaline Igneous Complex (MAIC) is a composite intrusion comprising a body of syenite and a funnel-shaped layered
mafic–ultramafic intrusion of lamprophyric parentage, the Mordor Mafic–Ultramafic Intrusion or MMUI. The MMUI is highly unusual
among intrusions of lamprophyric or potassic parentage in containing primary magmatic platinum-group element (PGE)-enriched
sulfides. The MMUI sequence consists largely of phlogopite-rich pyroxenitic cumulates, with an inward dipping conformable
layer of olivine-bearing cumulates divisible into a number of cyclic units. Stratiform-disseminated sulfide accumulations
are of two types: disseminated layers at the base of cyclic units, with relatively high PGE tenors; and patchy PGE-poor disseminations
within magnetite-bearing upper parts of cyclic units. Sulfide-enriched layers at cycle bases contain anomalous platinum group
element contents with grades up to 1.5 g/t Pt+Pd+Au over 1-m intervals, returning to background values of low parts per billion
(ppb) on a meter scale. They correspond to reversals in normal fractionation trends and are interpreted as the result of new
magma influxes into a continuously replenished magma chamber. Basal layers have decoupled Cu and PGE peaks reflecting increasing
PGE tenors up-section, due to increasing R factors during the replenishment episode, or progressive mixing of between resident PGE-poor magma and more PGE-enriched
replenishing magma. The presence of PGE enriched sulfides in cumulates from a lamprophyric magma implies that low-degree partial
melts do not necessarily leave sulfides and PGEs in the mantle restite during partial melting.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
50.
Timing of the Nihewan formation and faunas 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Magnetostratigraphic dating of the fluvio-lacustrine sequence in the Nihewan Basin, North China, has permitted the precise timing of the basin infilling and associated Nihewan mammalian faunas. The combined evidence of new paleomagnetic findings from the Hongya and Huabaogou sections of the eastern Nihewan Basin and previously published magnetochronological data suggests that the Nihewan Formation records the tectono-sedimentary processes of the Plio-Pleistocene Nihewan Basin and that the Nihewan faunas can be placed between the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal and the onset of the Olduvai subchron (0.78-1.95 Ma). The onset and termination of the basin deposition occurred just prior to the Gauss-Matuyama geomagnetic reversal and during the period from the last interglaciation to the late last glaciation, respectively, suggesting that the Nihewan Formation is of Late Pliocene to late Pleistocene age. The Nihewan faunas, comprising a series of mammalian faunas (such as Maliang, Donggutuo, Xiaochangliang, Banshan, Majuangou, Huabaogou, Xiashagou, Danangou and Dongyaozitou), are suggested to span a time range of about 0.8-2.0 Ma. The combination of our new and previously published magnetostratigraphy has significantly refined the chronology of the terrestrial Nihewan Formation and faunas. 相似文献