A diatom dataset and diatom-salinity inference model for southeast Australian estuaries and coastal lakes

To quantify the relationship between diatom species assemblages and the water chemistry of southeast Australian estuaries and coastal lakes, a new dataset of 81 modern diatom samples and water chemistry data was created. Three hundred and ninety-nine species from 53 genera were identified in 36 samples from 32 coastal water bodies in eastern Tasmania and 45 samples from 13 coastal water bodies in southern Victoria. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that the sampling sites were primarily distributed along salinity and nutrient gradients, and that salinity, nitrate + nitrite, phosphate and turbidity explained independent portions of variance in the diatom data. Species salinity optima and tolerances were determined and a diatom-salinity inference model (WAinv r ² = 0.72, r ²jack = 0.58, RMSEP = 0.09 log ppt) was developed. This new information on diatom species’ salinity preferences provides a useful tool for quantitatively reconstructing salinity changes over time from diatom microfossils preserved in the sediments of a range of estuaries and coastal lakes in southeast Australia. This is valuable for studies investigating long-term human impacts and climate change in the region.     

Experimental study on the effects of temperature cycling on coarsening of plagioclase and olivine in an alkali basalt

We conducted experiments on an alkali basalt at 1-atmosphere in order to investigate the effects of temperature cycling on crystal coarsening. Experiments at 1,150 °C near the Ni–NiO buffer indicate that coarsening of plagioclase and olivine crystals is greatly accentuated by temperature cycling. For a given experiment duration, crystal number density decreases with temperature cycle amplitude and average crystal size increases with increasing amplitude. We observed little correlation between cycle period and crystal number density or average crystal size. We suggest that dissolution and size-proportional crystal growth during repeated heating and cooling decrease crystal number density and increase average crystal size. These experiments indicate that the texture of silicate minerals can be modified by temperature cycling and that phenocrysts may develop quicker in silicate magmas when the magma temperature is cycled.     

Effect of the addition of granitic powder to an acidic soil from Galicia (NW Spain) in comparison with lime

The impact of diffuse pollution, agricultural land use and climate change on the long-term response of subsurface–surface water quality is not well understood, but is a prerequisite for evaluation of water management options. The goal of this study is to model geochemical evolution of water chemistry from the infiltration through soil into the unsaturated zone, transport through bedrocks and granular aquifers to a river in order to identify zones of steep concentration gradients and high dynamics under transient flow conditions. A numerical model was constructed comprising a 2-D 1,500 m × 150 m vertical cross-section of typical sedimentary rock formations, a glacio-fluvial quaternary gravel aquifer in the valley and soil layers. The model coupled saturated/un-saturated flow and reactive transport under steady state and transient conditions. Geochemical interactions, include intra-aqueous kinetic reactions of oxygen with dissolved organic matter, as well as kinetics of carbonate dissolution/precipitation. This model section was chosen to provide insight in to the principal processes and time scales affecting water chemistry along different flow paths. The numerical simulator MIN3P was used, a finite volume program for variably saturated subsurface flow and multi-component reactive transport. The results show that subsurface water residence times range from approximately 2 to 2,000 years. Different zones are to be expected with respect to the development of mineral equilibria; namely, purely atmospherically influenced, as well as open and closed system carbonate dissolution. Short-term responses to daily averaged changes in precipitation, however, are only visible to some extent in the shallower and near-river parts of flow system and solute loads. This can most likely be explained by directional changes in flow paths, indicating that equilibrium geochemical condition predominate at the hillslope scale, i.e. water quality depends on transport pathways rather than on kinetic effects. The extent of reducing conditions is controlled by the presence of organic-rich layers (i.e. peat deposits), the dissolution kinetics of aquifer organic matter and the subsequent mixing with oxygenated water by hydrodynamic dispersion.     

Discovery of Paleogene marine stratum along the southern side of Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone and its implications in tectonics

The final withering of Tibetan Tethys predicated the absolute retreat of seawater from Tibet, one of the most direct and valid marks of which is the age of the latest marine deposits in the area. Therefore, the dis-cussion on the closing age of Tibetan Tethys actuallyis the dating of the latest marine sediment in the area. In the study of late evolution of Tethys, the study on the latest marine sediments in southern Tibet is the major object of geologists. In this field, a lot of works have…     

城镇土地集约利用研究

小城镇发展战略地位的确立，加速了城镇化进程，城镇化过程中的用地粗放与人均耕地锐减之间的矛盾，是提出城镇土地集约利用的依据。从城镇土地集约利用内涵界定入手，分析了城镇土地集约利用的必要性，探讨了城镇土地集约利用定量评价的原则，从城镇存量土地产出率、土地利用强度、土地投入强度和土地可持续度4个方面建立了城镇土地集约利用评价指标总系统。指出城镇发展与土地集约利用的途径。     

2004年6月甘肃临泽震群地震精确定位

利用"双差地震定位法"对2004年6月甘肃临泽发生的地震震群进行了精确定位,结合地质构造资料讨论了本次震群的发震构造.结果表明:该震群震中沿着榆木山北缘断裂呈NNW向分布,震源深度优势分布于10～25 km,平均深度为16.3 km;发震断裂为榆木山北缘断裂东段局部断裂,走向NNW,倾向SW,倾角约为60°.     

武山1号泉流量、O_2+Ar、N_2、He的异常变化分析

对武山台1号泉气体资料显示,在1997-1999、2003年流量有几次明显的突变,同时气体组分O2 Ar、N2、He百分含量与流量呈完全同步变化.本文分析了造成流量突变的原因,认为流量大幅度变化不是自然动态的.同时用试验方法验证了影响气体组分O2 Ar、N2、He百分含量变化的主要因素是流量、冲流时间和空气混入了泉水,并分析了它们之间的相互关系及变化特点.     

动三轴试验机轴向摩擦解决的研究

介绍了20 kN动三轴试验机机械工作原理,分析了该仪器轴向摩擦力的产生原因,提出了解决办法并加以具体实施.     

2000—2006年怀来CO_2变化特征分析

介绍了怀来CO2测点的地质条件和基本动态特征,重点分析了2000年以来测值最高值逐年升高的变化特征.逐一排除了测试管、地温、降雨等因素引起变化的可能性,与40 km外延庆松山CO2监测点类似的变化特征对比也说明这种变化不是人为因素所致.分析显示CO2测值逐年升高的特征与测点周围300 km范围内最高震级逐渐增大的特征相吻合,可能反映了京西北地区能量的逐渐积累,应力状态的不断增强的过程.     

基于MATLAB的小震震源参数计算软件研制

基于Brune模型,以最新的理论方法及计算技术为基础,在MATLAB平台下开发研制了中小地震震源参数计算软件.介绍了软件设计的思路、理论原理,方法实现及资料处理过程,简述软件模块功能及使用方法,深入分析地震震源参数计算过程中的介质非弹性非均匀性衰减校正,几何扩散、仪器响应、场地响应校正,波谱计算及实现过程等.研发的该软件计算过程稳定可靠,界面设计友好.