Current state of water quality indicators in urban streams in New Zealand

ABSTRACT

National assessments have highlighted that urban streams have some of the poorest water quality in New Zealand, yet there has been no analysis focussing on these streams. In this study we defined urban streams as >15% catchment urban land cover and used monitoring data to assess several indicators of water quality including dissolved metals, nutrients, bacteria and the macroinvertebrate community index. We investigated associations between the indicators and urban land cover, imperviousness and geographic location. Water quality was highly variable, within and between monitored sites; and invariably poor when compared to water quality criteria. Dissolved zinc was positively related to the proportion of urban land cover and imperviousness in the upstream catchment. There were significant differences in ammoniacal-N, nitrate-N, turbidity, MCI, dissolved zinc and E. coli between geographic locations. The analysis indicates that if urban development continues in its current form, increases in urban land cover around New Zealand can be expected to result in further declines in water quality and a reduced likelihood that water quality objectives will be achieved at impacted locations.     

Ionospheric dispersion and Pc 1 pulsations

Dispersion measurements were performed on geomagnetic pulsation data recorded over an Australasian network in a search for evidence of ionospheric dispersion of Pc 1 signals. A method of analysis was adopted in which the slope of emission elements of a selected Pc 1 event are examined individually. It has been found that there are no significant ionospheric dispersion effects for propagation between middle and low latitudes. Magnetospheric propagation paths calculated from dispersion measurements show large variations and are not considered generally reliable.     

Theoretical Love wave dispersion in a single layer model

Summary From a study of the Love wave dispersion in a single layer model it is shown that the shape of the dispersion curves is very insensitive to the changes in the density ratio. The bilogarithmic grids giving dispersion curves for different shear velocity ratios and a mean density ratio of 1.20 should be sufficient for interpretation by the method of curve matching. Such grids and the numerical data are given both for the phase velocity and the group velocity. An example is given illustrating the use of these grids.     

China's economic growth and haze pollution control

Natural Hazards - With the frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall and the change of urban surface caused by human activities, urban waterlogging has gradually become a common disaster in many...     

Observations of Antarctic precipitable water vapor and its response to the solar activity based on GPS sensing

Predicting global climate change is a great challenge and must be based on a thorough understanding of how the climate system components behave. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is one of the key components in determining and predicting the global climate system. It is well known that the local surface temperature and pressure have a direct influence on the production of PWV. However, the influence of solar activity on atmospheric dynamics and their physical mechanisms is still an open debate, where past studies are focused at mid-latitude regions. A new method of determining and quantifying the solar influence on PWV based on GPS observations to correlate the GPS PWV and total electron content (TEC) variations is proposed. Observed data from Scott Base (SBA) and McMurdo (MCM) stations from 2003 to 2005 have been used to study the response of PWV to solar activity. In the analysis, the effects of local conditions (wind speed and relative humidity) on the distribution of PWV are investigated. Results show significant correlation between PWV and solar activity for four geomagnetic storms, with correlation coefficients of 0.74, 0.77, 0.64 and 0.69, which are all significant at the 95% confidence level. There was no significant correlation between TEC and PWV changes during the absence of storms. On a monthly analysis, a strong relationship exists between PWV and TEC during storm-affected days, with correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.89 (99% confidence level) for SBA and MCM respectively. These indicate a statistically significant seasonal signal in the Antarctic region, which is very active (higher) during the summer and inactive (lower) for the winter periods.     

基于模糊数学和分形理论的水淹层录井评价研究与应用

基于非线性数学方法,利用录井信息对储层水淹程度进行综合定量评价,是油藏开发方案设计和提高采收率研究等领域的重要研究内容.本文推导了水淹层录井评价的非线性理论模型,编制了水淹层评价软件.结合密闭取心资料,利用编制的软件对地化分析资料、热蒸发烃色谱资料、定量荧光分析资料、核磁共振录井资料、显微荧光薄片资料的水淹响应特征及规律进行分析研究,得到较好的结果.     

A protocol standard for heterogeneous telescope networks

The scientific need for a standard protocol permitting the exchange of generic observing services is rapidly escalating as more observatories adopt service observing as a standard operating mode and as more remote or robotic telescopes are brought on‐line. To respond to this need, we present the results of the first interoperability workshop for Heterogeneous Telescope Networks (HTN) held in Exeter. We present a draft protocol, designed to be independent of the specific instrumentation and software that controls the remote and/or robotic telescopes, allowing these telescopes to appear to the user with a unified interface despite any underlying architectural differences. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

近30年黔西喀斯特区典型县域农田土壤有机碳动态研究——以贵州普定县为例

文章选取贵州省普定县作为黔西喀斯特区的典型县域,依据1980年第二次土壤普查数据和2011年实测土壤数据,运用土壤类型法,计算该县域近30年（1980-2011年）农田表层（0～20 cm）土壤有机碳（SOC）储量和密度的变化,并借助逐步回归分析,对该县域近30年农田表层SOC动因进行分析,结果表明:（1）普定县近30年来农田0～20 cm表土有机碳库总体表现为基本持平且略有上升的趋势,增幅为0.95%,年均变化量15.31 kg C·hm-2·a-1;（2）不同类型农田土壤的表层有机碳储量和密度变化较大,其中水稻土固碳幅度最大,为28.95%,而山地灌丛草甸土的丢碳最为严重,降幅达70.22%;（3）农田表层SOC密度年均变化量在空间分布上总体表现为县城中部、南部和三岔河及夜郎湖地区呈增加趋势,而在县城以西、以东及斗篷山大部分区域则为下降态势,这主要受土壤类型空间分布差异所致;（4）影响普定县农田表层SOC变化的主要因素有SOC密度初始值（1980年）、C/N、砾石体积比和速效K密度等,其中SOC密度年均变化量与SOC密度初始值和砾石体积比呈负相关,与C/N和速效K密度呈正相关。总的来看,近30年的人为活动对普定县农田表土有机碳总库存未产生负面影响。      

Peripherality in the global container shipping network: the case of the Southern African container port system

Regional trade co-operation, economic growth and greater political stability have enabled increased container throughput and container port capacity development. Earlier academic work has indicated that the functional position of this port region in the global maritime network might be shifting from a remote region in the periphery of the network to a more intermediate position. This paper aims to analyze the changing level of peripherality and remoteness of the Southern African container port system as part of the global container shipping network. The central hypothesis is that Southern Africa has moved from a remote shipping region to a more central shipping region in the global network. The methodology consists of the calculation of network measures for Southern African ports. The changing geographical distribution of flows among the main container ports in South Africa, Namibia, Mozambique, Mauritius and Madagascar will also be explored in terms of their respective shipping services, port calling patterns, market structure (in terms of the number of active carriers) and the up-scaling of vessel and port capacity. The overall result is a mapped port hierarchical structure with a clear indication of the shifted maritime centrality of Southern African ports from 1996 to the present decade.