Groundwater Table Formation in the Coastal Zone over a Bed with Arbitrary Shape

The impact of tidal wave on a permeable shore consisting of porous material results in groundwater table lying above the average sea level. This effect, stemming from the nonlinearity of the process of seawater flow in the soil, is referred to as pumping effect.     

Effect of Long-Term Variations in Wind Regime over Caspian Sea Region on the Evolution of Its Level in 1948–2017

Water Resources - The data of atmospheric reanalysis NCEP/NCAR over 1948–2017 (R-1) and NCEP/DOE over 1979–2017 (R-2) have been used to show that variations of the Caspian Sea level are...     

Using a radiative-convective model to estimate the temperature potential of greenhouse gases

A comprehensive approach is proposed to the construction of an equilibrium global warming potential with the use of a radiative-convective model of climate and the line-by-line calculations of the characteristics of radiative transfer in the atmosphere on the basis of analysis and comparison of different methods of estimating emission metrics. The studies conducted in the past decade have demonstrated that a widely used method of calculating the global warming potential for methane and other trace greenhouse gases is applicable only to relatively small time horizons (within 100 years). The proposed equilibrium global warming potential makes it possible to consider a set of equilibrium states of the Earth’s climate system under variations in the contents of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and to estimate the parameters of the system’s response to such variations for arbitrary time intervals. Analysis of a set of different equilibrium states makes it possible to assess a relative contribution of different anthropogenic pollutants to radiation balance and, hence, to a change in the Earth’s climatic regime.     

Investigation of the characteristics of surge phenomena in the Sea of Azov

We present the results of numerical simulation of currents and sea level for the Sea of Azov. In calculations, we use a three-dimensional nonlinear mathematical model taking into account the tangential wind stresses. We present the results of numerical analysis of the fields of currents and the amplitudes of oscillations of the sea level at the coastal stations as functions of the maximum velocity and the period of constant action of the west wind. __________ Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 1, pp. 12–25, January–February, 2008.     

Simulation and Analysis of Sea Floods in the Don River Delta

Storm surges and wind waves in the Taganrog Bay (the Sea of Azov) are simulated with the ADCIRC+SWAN numerical model, and the mechanisms of the Don River delta flooding are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the most intensive flooding of the Don River delta occurs in case of southwestern wind with the speed of not less than 15 m/s. A storm surge leads to the intensification of wind waves in the whole Taganrog Bay due to the general sea level rise. As a result, the significant wave height near the Don River delta increases by 0.5–0.6 m.     

Spread of Pollution from a Bottom Source in the Norwegian Sea

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Simulations of the spread of radioactive contamination (RC) with cesium-137 (137Cs) as a passive impurity were performed using the Institute of...     

Simulations of currents and pollution transport in the coastal waters of Big Sochi

We suggested a method for modelling the transport of pollutants over the Black Sea water basin adjacent to Big Sochi. The model is based on the application of the Institute of Numerical Mathematics Ocean Model (INMOM) over the entire basin of Big Sochi in two versions: M1 and M2. In the first version, we use uniform spatial resolution of the model with a step of ～4 km; in the M2 version, the resolution is not uniform. The step decreases to 50 m in the basin of Big Sochi. The M2 version is used only in the periods when pollution transport is simulated, for which the initial hydrothermodynamic state is specified from the M1 version. Both versions reflect a complex character of Black Sea circulation; however, the M2 version more adequately reproduces the eddy circulation in its eastern part, where the horizontal resolution of the M2 version is higher. A conclusion is made on this basis that, in order to reproduce the eddy structure of the Black Sea circulation, the resolution of the model should be on the order of 1.5 km and the main factor of the formation of the quasi-stationary Batumi anticyclonic eddy is the topographic peculiarities in this part of the sea. The pollution spreading from the Sochi, Khosta, and Mzymta rivers and from 18 pipes of deep-water sewage was simulated for the flood periods from April 1, 2007, to April 30, 2007. It was shown that mesoscale eddy formations that form a complex three-dimensional structure of pollution spreading make the greatest contribution to the spread of pollution.     

An Optical Backscattersonde for Balloon Aerological Measurements

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The operation principle of an optical aerosol sonde is based on detection of radiation scattered in a free atmosphere from a sequence of light probing...     

On a mechanism for quantum birth of a closed universe

A configuration of pseudo-Riemann geometry is considered representing a quasi-closed world in the form of a spatially closed universe connected with a mother universe along some world line. The classical and quantum theories of such a quasi-closed world are constructed in the minisuperspace approximation. The probability of tunneling of this world into a larger-scale region is calculated. Unlike the conventional approach to quantum gravity based on the time-independent wavefunction of the universe, our approach is free of difficulties related to the interpretation of the wavefunction since (1) the theory under consideration contains a time (the mother-universe cosmological time) in which quasiclosed universes evolve and (2) the quasi-closed universes form quantum ensembles with wavefunctions that admit the standard statistical interpretation.