南方冬小麦三叶——抽穗期干物重与叶面积动态耦合计算探讨

根据实测资料,尝试性地提出了一种南方麦区冬小麦三叶到抽穗期的干物重与叶面积动态的耦合计算方法,经检验效果尚好。另外,初值灵敏度试验表明苗期生长状况的优劣对于其后生育阶段的干物重与叶面积动态影响似乎不大。     

模糊数学方法在分析日本东海地区地震前兆中的应用

本文把模糊模式识别的直接方法用于检测日本东海地区地震活动性、体积应变、地下水位、地下水氡含量、地倾斜和潮位中的前兆变化。此方法可消除诸如降雨和气温变化等干扰,使我们能更清晰地识别出地震前兆。此外,还把模糊相似方法和模糊聚类方法应用于识别地震空区及检验地震活动随时间变化的相似性。上述方法在日本其他地区同样有效,即将编入日本气象研究所板内地震预报计划中的计算机系统内。     

DYNAMIC INFLUENCE OF QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU AND ROCKY MOUNTAINS ON THE LEE CYCLONES

Using the operational model(B model)of Beijing Meteorological Center,we do some of numerical experi-ments of crossing and rounding mountains in all velocity adjustment scheme,and study dynamic effect ofQinghai-Xizang Plateau and Rocky Mountains on lee cyclones.The results show that due to air flow roundthe Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,divergence is distributed in the shape of confluence which matches cyclogenesisarea and cyclonic track in East Asia.In the downstream of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,convergence inthe upper troposphere restrains cyclone development in the east of China mainland.In North America,air flow primarily crosses over Rocky Mountains.Air is adiabatically cooled when it flows upward in thewest flank of Rocky Mountains,while air is warmed when it flows downward in the lee side.The fact isimportant for the lee cyclogenesis and the lee frontogenesis of Rocky Mountains.Air flow crossing over RockyMountains is also the main cause for forming dryline in the mid-west of United States.     

箭载催化剂冰核生成率的检定

本支介绍了JBR-56型火箭箭载催化剂冰核生成率的检测。得出箭载碘化银8克每箭的冰核总数高于现使用的三七高炮弹每弹(含4克碘化银)的成冰核总数,就每克碘化银的成核率相比,无量级上的明显增加。在温度高于-12℃范围内,箭载的成核率仍然偏低,不理想,我们认为这可能是所使用的爆炸法所限。     

湖南强风暴暖盖环境场研究

本文通过对湘中、湘北地区42次强风暴资料的分析,建立了一个强风暴环境场的天气学模式,着重讨论了暖盖(即对流层中下层的逆温层)的形成和维持机理. 暖盖是由于绕过青藏高原两侧的两支西风波动相互作用而产生的.它的存在有利于低空急流在其东部边缘的低空加强,而低空急流引起的垂直环流反过来又有利于暖盖的维持,当暖盖下降到低空急流轴附近时因受扰动而破坏,引起强风暴的发生.     

Lithofacies features and mechanism of formation of “Zihe-type” time- and strata-bound iron ore deposits in central Shandong province

The Lower Palaeozoic system is a series of iron-bearing rocks consisting mainly of shallow sea-fades carbonates. On the basis of microfacies analysis of the carbonate rocks, the Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary sea basin is divided into two broad sedimentary-tectonic regions of four sedimentary facies and eight subfacies. The original iron-rich carbonates were deposited in saltlakes, lagoons, etc. of the restricted basins. Over the long geological history, the original iron formations were reconstructed to various extents by late tectonic processes. Geological observations and studies on the equilibrium mechanism of oxygen/sulfur isotopic fractionation and the composition and temperature of fluid inclusions in the minerals indicate that thermal brines played an important role in reworking of the original iron-rich carbonate rocks, which led to the formation of sedimentary-reworked strata-bound ore deposit.     

A catastrophe mathematical model for uranium mineralization of hot-water origin

Presented in this paper are some primary data on the temperature, stratigraphical altitude and thickness of a certain uranium ore deposit. Taking these data as the parameters for the temperature, pressure and geochemical conditions of uranium mineralization under ideal geological conditions which constitute a finite variable series, in conjunction with the catastrophe theory developed by Rene Thom (1968), we have proposed a swallow-tail model fit to uranium mineralization. This model provides insight into the mechanism of uranium mineralization. Our study shows that the process of uranium mineralization is a discontinuous or catastrophic event. Temperature and pressure are considered important thermodynamic conditions which control the distribution pattern of uranium mineralization, and the principle of temperature-pressure correspondence for uranium mineralization has been also derived. Geological bodies of minerogenetic importance serve as favourable geochemical media for capturing ore-forming materials. Uranium mineralization of commercial importance depends on a delicate coupling between temperature,pressure, and geochemical condition. The loci of uranium mineralization in the model constitute the surfaceK, referred to as the surface of enrichment-mineralization, on which minerogenetic domain is expected. The model provides quantitatively clues to the process of uranium mineralization, i.e., a process from quantitative to qualitative changes.     

用车贝雪夫多项式预报气象产量地理分布的试验

本文以辽宁省中北部地区玉米气象产量区域分布的预报为例,论述了车贝雪夫多项式在农业气象预报中的若干应用。作者用不规则格点上的车贝雪夫多项式,以大气环流为候选预报因子,求得展开式系数依赖于4—6个因子的方程,并由此报出区域各县产量,绘出预报图,作试报检验。结果表明:车贝雪夫多项式可用于区域产量预报。最后讨论了此方法在农业气象预报其他领域(如发育期、病虫害预报)中的应用前景,指出车贝雪夫多项式用于生物学、地学预报中的意义。     

地震学CT技术的原理、应用和发展

CT技术同遗传工程、新粒子发现和宇航技术一起被称为七十年代四大科技重要成果。这项重要的科技成果已经成功地应用到医学、射电天文学、核磁共振、显微技术、无损检测、磁流体力学、物质结构、化学和地球物理学等许多领域中,並先后于1979年获得诺贝尔医学奖金(Cormgck和Hounsfi(?)ld),于1983年获得诺贝尔化学奖金(Klug)。     

The Rapid Inversion of 3-D Potential Field and Program Design

The application of three-dimensional inversion of gravity and magnetic fields is very important not only in geophysical researches, but also in the study of geological structures. A formula of potential field in frequency-domain, developed by Parker in 1973, can be used as a rapid and effective algorithm in gravity and magnetic inversion. The technique has been improved then by Oldenburg, Sprenke, Feng and others.In addition to a brief introduction of Parker's algorithm and its applications, this paper includes the following five parts: basic computational techniques, inversion of single layer, convergence and constraints, simultaneous inversion for density and topography as well as inversion of multilayers. The authors present relevant practical iterative formulas and its varieties when density distribution varies with depth in linear or exponential relation. In order to maintain computation stability and speed up iteration convergence, some approaches are taken in the program design, for instance shifting lower interface of the studied layer, inverting corrections of topography, reducing grid boundary effects and utilizing low-pass filter. With the consideration of the nonuniqueness of the inversion, a method of using seismic data to constrain the range ofpossible models is discussed. It is pointed out that the density variation generates less effects than those of topography on the spectrum of gravity anomaly in second order. Therefore density contrast and topography can be inverted simultaneously by an alternative weighting iteration. By analogy, the inversion of multilayer model can be done in the above procedure. An approach of model decomposition is useful in the computation of multilayer model. The techniques discussed in the present paper for gravitational field are also valid for magnetic field.