基于连岛沙坝原理设计的海滩排水管头地貌稳定性研究

海滩排水管建设对海滩环境影响较大。以厦门会展中心连岛沙坝式排水管头工程影响海滩演变为例,研究连岛沙坝式海滩排水管头对海滩地形稳定性和沉积的影响。1)通过对研究区连岛沙坝式管头附近海滩10条剖面进行分析,研究管头附近海滩滩肩宽度、滩面坡度和单宽留存沙量等剖面形态变化特征。测量数据分析表明,无管头保护滩面高程降低,滩面坡度总体变陡,滩肩蚀退严重;受管头保护滩面高程上升,坡度变缓,滩肩宽度略有减小,剖面单宽沙量留存比例大于1。2)2012-2016年多期岸线及管头边界线变化结果表明,工程施工后,排水管身始终被沙体覆盖,一年后部分管头被沙体覆盖,最终管头被覆盖率稳定在70%以上。3)会展管头附近海滩潮上带和高潮带沉积物自北向南运移,低潮带则相反;潮上带和中潮带上部沉积物从管头所在"连岛沙坝"向两侧海滩输移,而低潮带和中潮带下部输移方向相反。沉积物粒径由岸向海逐渐变粗,越靠近管头,沉积物粒径呈变细趋势。最后讨论了引起管头局部海滩地形地貌变化的主要因素。     

国内外岩溶塌陷监测方法综述

岩溶塌陷是全球广泛分布的地质灾害问题,严重影响和制约了岩溶地区社会、经济发展,因此,开展岩溶塌陷监测工作,对塌陷预测预报具有及其重要的作用。岩溶塌陷的监测技术与塌陷形成的机理关系密切。该文分析了岩溶塌陷的分布规律和形成的条件,系统总结了国内外岩溶塌陷的监测内容、技术方法、各自优缺点,如BOTDR监测、TDR监测、地质雷达监测、水动力条件监测及地-沉降等方法,为系统性地开展岩溶塌陷监测工作提供技术和方法参考,展望了未来的岩溶塌陷监测工作,认为岩溶塌陷监测需结合塌陷的形成机理、塌陷地区覆盖层特征及水动力条件,综合利用多种监测手段联合进行,并形成完善的监测网络。     

Porosity Distribution Characteristics and Geological Analysis of Brine Storage Medium in the Qaidam Basin,Western China

Underground brine is an unusual water resource that contains abundant mineral resources. It is distributed widely in the Qaidam Basin, western China, a hyperarid inland basin located in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Pores in the brine storage medium act as storage space and transmission channels of underground brine. Therefore, the porosity of brine storage medium determines its ability to store brine. In this study, Mahai Salt Lake was used as the research area as a modern saline lake located in the north area of the Qaidam Basin. A total of 100 porosity samples were collected from eight sampling points in two profiles of the research area at sampling depths of 1.30–314.78 m. The porosity distribution characteristics and influencing factors in brine storage medium were analysed according to the measured porosity data. Based on analysis of the pore structure characteristics, the brine storage medium contains intercrystalline pores, unlike conventional freshwater storage mediums. Moreover, the primary salt rock is susceptible to dissolution by lighter brine, facilitating the formation of secondary porosity. Due to the formation of secondary pores, a porosity greater than 20% remains even at buried depths greater than 100 m. Based on the geological statistical analysis, due to the geographic location, salt formation time, and depositional environment, the porosity values of Mahai Salt Lake do not exhibit a wider distribution, but also show more extreme values than a nearby salt lake. Based on the porosity characteristics by depth, due to the presence of secondary pores, flooding, stratigraphic static pressure, and other factors, porosity shows fluctuations with increasing depth.     

On the intrinsic shape of the gamma-ray spectrum for Fermi blazars

The curvature of the γ-ray spectrum in blazars may reflect the intrinsic distribution of emitting electrons, which will further give some information on the possible acceleration and cooling processes in the emitting region. The γ-ray spectra of Fermi blazars are normally fitted either by a single power-law(PL) or a log-normal(call Logarithmic Parabola, LP) form. The possible reason for this difference is not clear. We statistically explore this issue based on the different observational properties of 1419 Fermi blazars in the 3 LAC Clean Sample. We find that the γ-ray flux(100 Me V–100 Ge V) and variability index follow bimodal distributions for PL and LP blazars, where the γ-ray flux and variability index show a positive correlation. However, the distributions of γ-ray luminosity and redshift follow a unimodal distribution. Our results suggest that the bimodal distribution of γ-ray fluxes for LP and PL blazars may not be intrinsic and all blazars may have an intrinsically curved γ-ray spectrum, and the PL spectrum is just caused by the fitting effect due to less photons.     

Total Synthesis of Marine Cyclic Enol-Phosphotriester Salinipostin Compounds

Due to their structural diversity and variety of biological activities, marine natural products have been the subject of extensive study. These compounds, especially phospholipid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, have a wide range of pharmacological applications, including embedded DNA and central nervous system, anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-parasite, anti-bacterial, and antithrombotic effects. Unfortunately, the insufficient drug sources have limited the development of these compounds. In this study, we isolated salinpostin compounds from a fermentation solution of marine-derived Salinospora sp., which has a common bicyclic enol-phosphotriester core framework, as well as potent and selective antimalarial activities against P. falciparum with EC_(50)=50 nmolL~(-1). The chemical synthesis of these compounds in greater quantities is necessary for their use in bioactivity studies. Thus we explored a short route with high yields and mild reaction conditions, which can generate combinatorial libraries for drug discovery and lead optimization. We developed a new total synthesis method for six cyclic enol-phosphotriester salinipotin compounds and their diastereomers. For the total synthesis of cyclipostin P, we prepared cyclic enol-phosphotriester salinipostin compounds in 10 steps from a readily accessible starting material, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, and obtained an overall yield of 1.29%. We fully characterized these compounds by proton nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H-NMR), carbon-13 NMR(~(13)C-NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS) analyses, and found they coincide absolutely with the same compounds reported previously.     

DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据研究成果知识图谱分析

利用CitesSpace软件对1997-2017年DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据进行知识图谱分析,梳理国内外研究热点与演化历史,发掘研究难点,为后来研究者提供方向。本文选取Web of Science 核心数据集数据库收录的文献,进行合著特征分析、关键词共现分析和文献共被引分析。结果表明：① 夜间灯光数据相关研究最活跃的国家、机构和作者分别是美国、中国科学院和Elvidge;② 社会经济条件估计（人口、人口密度和电力）和城市扩展变化监测一直是国内外研究的热点和前沿;③ 目前的研究难点是如何减少灯光溢出效应以及灯光过饱和现象对研究精度的影响;④ 研究学科交叉性强,涉及地理学、测绘科学与技术、应用经济学、社会学等领域。因此,未来的研究趋势主要表现在数据处理方法的优化、研究领域的拓展以及深化已有研究成果3个方面。     

“海上丝绸之路”沿线重要港口竞争力评价

“海上丝绸之路”是促进亚欧和亚非互联互通的重要通道,对其沿线重要港口的竞争力研究,可以为海上丝绸之路的建设提供参考。本文综合考虑港口的自然条件、腹地环境、基础设施、服务水平、政府廉洁度,及其在航运网络中的地位差别等因素,运用熵权-层次分析法对沿线51个国家的99个重要港口的竞争力进行评价。结果表明,① 港口综合竞争力空间分布呈明显的区域化特征,且与国家经济发展水平显著相关,地中海地区港口竞争力普遍较强,亚洲次之,非洲最弱。② 港口的网络地位对竞争力的影响最大,竞争力强的港口多位于重要水域的战略通道,网络地位高,辐射范围广。③ 我国投资的部分沿线港口综合竞争力与成熟港口之间还存在一定差距,但是具备较大的竞争力提升空间。     

融合实时路况信息的北京市就医可达性分析

就医可达性是衡量区域医疗公平性的标准之一,为均衡医疗设施配置提供了理论依据。两步移动搜索法(2SFCA)是一种较为成熟的可达性计算方法,但仍存在研究最小基本单元尺度较大、供需点间时间估算忽略路网的通达性和实时路况等问题。本文利用高德地图获取依据实时路况规划最优驾车路线的时间,通过2SFCA评估北京市1 575个居民点在工作日的5个时段和4种出行时间阈值内到达208所医院的可达性。结果表明:北京市就医可达性空间分布不均衡,随搜索阈值的增大,分布形态由多峰值分布向以西城区和东城区为中心的环状扩散分布转换。时段分异特征显著,各时段可达性为一般及以上居民点比例由高至低依次为夜晚、中午、下午、早高峰、晚高峰。     

北斗在南/北极地区的基本定位性能评估

基于BDS、GPS系统的星座结构,对当前的BDS二代导航系统（BD2）、全部建成后的BDS系统在极地科考站（黄河站、昆仑站、中山站、长城站）和北极圈的可见卫星数、DOP值、定位精度等进行评估,并将建成后的BDS、GPS及其组合系统在南/北极的基本定位性能进行对比分析。仿真结果表明,当前的BD2只实现了极地的部分覆盖,对极地提供导航定位的能力有限,大范围内的定位精度大于30.0 m; BDS在极地的定位精度将与GPS相当,可见卫星数可达13颗左右,PDOP值优于1.6,定位精度优于8.0 m;GPS/BDS组合后在极地的PDOP值优于1.4,定位精度优于6.0 m。
     

BDS卫星失效对区域定位精度的影响评估

基于STK软件实现了2016-09 BDS系统星座结构的仿真,并选取可见卫星数、DOP值、系统可用性作为评估BDS卫星星座设计结构的指标,分析单颗与全部倾斜轨道卫星（IGSO）、地球静止轨道卫星（GEO）失效后对我国大陆地区BDS系统可用性的影响。结果表明,IGSO4卫星与GEO5卫星失效后对BDS在区域的定位性能影响较大,失效后的GDOP值分别为1.98、2.16。取BDS卫星正常运行时区域平均GDOP最大值(S=2.60)作为系统可用性阈值时,系统可用性分别降低了1.79%、32.63%;阈值取2S(5.20)、3S(7.80)、4S(10.40)、5S(13.00)时,系统可用性均可达100.00%。GEO整体失效后BDS系统在高精度定位中仍部分可用,而IGSO整体失效后BDS系统可用性受到大幅度限制。因此,增加在轨备份卫星时需重点考虑GEO5、IGSO4,并适当增加IGSO卫星的数目。