Thermal regime of a supraglacial lake on the debris-covered Koxkar Glacier, southwest Tianshan, China

A supraglacial lake was surveyed on the Koxkar Glacier in southwest Tianshan from July to September 2007 and July to September 2008, and the temperature variation characteristics of the lake, debris and debris-free ice were analyzed at different depths to determine the thermal regimes. In addition, the discrepancies of temperature variation characteristics were investigated for different geomorphic units of the ablation zone of the Koxkar Glacier. It was found that daily temperature variation curves for deep water are V-shaped because meltwater from the glacier surface at temperatures of around 0°C feeds the lake and mixes with the relatively high-temperature surface water during the day. As the water temperature rises to approximately 4°C, the mixed water sinks and forms a low-temperature trough in the deep water of the lake in the middle of the day. The vertical lapse rate of the lake water temperature against depth (?0.33°C/m) has a magnitude lower than that of the debris (?4.29°C/m) and that of the debris-free ice (?0.38°C/m) in the Koxkar Glacier??s ablation zone. The temperature curve for the surface water largely varied between the temperature curves for the debris at depths of 0.2 and 0.5?m. The surface thermal condition of the ablation zone is significantly affected by the daily weather, and there is a limited influence in debris at a depth of 1?m and in the lake at a depth of 5?m.     

Major ion geochemistry of shallow groundwater in the Qinghai Lake catchment, NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Conventional hydrochemical techniques and statistical analyses were applied to better understand the solute geochemistry and the hydrochemical process of shallow groundwater in the Qinghai Lake catchment. Shallow groundwater in the Qinghai Lake catchment is slightly alkaline, and is characterized by a high ion concentrations and low water temperature. The total dissolved solids (TDS) in most of the samples are <1,000?mg/L, i.e. fresh water and depend mainly on the concentration of SO₄ ^2?, Cl^? and Na⁺. Groundwater table is influenced directly by the residents?? groundwater consumption. Most of the groundwaters in the Qinghai Lake catchment belong to the Ca²⁺(Na⁺) ?CHCO₃ ^? type, while the Qinghai Lake, part of the Buha (BHR) and the Lake Side (LS) samples belong to the Na⁺?CCl^? type. The groundwater is oversaturated with respect to aragonite, calcite and dolomite, but not to magnesite and gypsum. Solutes are mainly derived from strong evaporite dissolution in Daotang, BHR and LS samples and from strong carbonate weathering in Hargai and Shaliu samples. Carbonate weathering is stronger than evaporite dissolution with weak silicate weathering in the Qinghai Lake catchment. Carbonate weathering, ion exchange reaction and precipitation are the major hydrogeochemical processes responsible for the solutes in the groundwater in the Qinghai Lake catchment. Most of the shallow groundwaters are suitable for drinking. More attention should be paid to the potential pollution of nitrate, chloride and sulfide in shallow groundwater in the future.     

右江盆地东缘早泥盆世莫丁组硅质岩地球化学特征及地质意义

右江盆地东缘南宁地区泥盆系发育大量碎屑岩至碳酸盐岩夹层状硅质岩、硅质团块和硅质结核的海相沉积.层状硅质岩最早出现于早泥盆世莫丁组(D1m),主量、微量和稀土元素研究表明:莫丁组硅质岩具较高的SiO2含量(91.86％-95.57％,均值为94.36％),较低的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.05-0.30,均值为0....     

基于IRCGA优化的GM(1,1)变形预测方法与应用研究

阐述了引入时间距离权的传统GM(1,1)模型的建模过程以及灰色模型等级的判断方法,深入分析了白化背景参数λ取值对建模精度的影响;同时针对传统λ取值的缺陷,提出使用基于实数编码的改进遗传算法(IRCGA)对其进行优化处理,并用多个工程实例分析验证了优化后的GM(1,1)模型相对传统的灰色模型及其优化模型拟合效果更好,更加贴近真实数据序列。     

Structure and formation of the South Yellow Sea water mass in the spring of 2007

Data obtained from over 250 CTD stations in December 2006 and April 2007 were used to analyze the temperature and salinity structure of the water masses of the ...     

基于ARCGIS的城镇地形地籍数据库建设方法研究

利用第二次全国土地调查的DWG格式的地形、地籍源文件数据,并结合现状数据,以《城镇地籍数据库标准》为参考,详细阐述了建库的基本设计、关键技术、基本流程、质量控制以及解决方法等,实现对基础地理数据的便捷管理。     

国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像桥梁提取研究

基于桥梁与水体的空间关系,结合卫星遥感影像数据包含的多光谱和形态学特征信息,提出一种有效提取国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像桥梁目标的方法.利用国产“环境一号”(HJ-1)卫星遥感影像数据进行桥梁目标提取试验.结果表明,该方法能快速、准确、有效地提取“环境一号”卫星影像中的桥梁目标,具有一定的应用价值.     

基于DEM划分流域河网坡岸带汇水区的方法研究

基于DEM提取流域河网、生成子流域的理论方法研究已经有了一定的进展,并得到了广泛应用.在DEM生成河网的过程中形成的网格流向矩阵和网格累积矩阵能够充分揭示流域网格单元的水流方向特征和汇水面积特征,利用这些特征关系能够对流域进行更进一步的划分,更好地满足实际需要.本文在DEM提取流域河网的基础上,结合网格流向矩阵,精确解...     

陀螺经纬仪的仪器常数随温度漂移规律的研究

对某型陀螺经纬仪的仪器常数受环境温度的影响进行实验,利用数理统计方法分析、处理了各温度下仪器常数的数据,发现其变化符合线性规律,从而可实现温度对仪器常数的漂移影响的自动补偿。     

下架式陀螺经纬仪偏心度检定技术研究

下架式陀螺经纬仪在寻北测量中,利用经纬仪照准观测目标,照准地面标石中心则是通过陀螺部分的垂球或激光对点器来实现的。因此,在陀螺经纬仪测量中,存在两个不同的中心,当偏心度超过一定范围时需要对其进行检定。偏心度是矢量值,其对方位测量的影响是个变值。首先推导偏心度的影响规律,提出基于经纬仪互瞄法和经纬仪交会法的偏心度检测方法,并对某下架式陀螺经纬仪进行偏心度检测。