芦山MS7.0地震建筑结构震害特征

基于2013年4月20日四川芦山M_S7.0地震灾区的房屋建筑震害调查资料, 初步分析了这次地震中建筑结构的震害特征. 结合典型建筑结构震害案例, 从抗震概念设计和抗震构造措施的角度对震害机理进行了探讨, 总结了结构抗震设计方面的经验和教训并给出了相关的建议. 分析表明, 农村自建的砖木和土木结构房屋的抗震能力普遍较差; 砖混结构和砌体-框架混合结构的抗震性能需要严格的抗震构造措施给予保证, 包括合理设置钢筋混凝土构造柱和圈梁, 合理设置承重墙的数量以及承重墙上开洞的数量和位置; 由于鞭梢效应造成的突出屋顶的楼梯间和加层的破坏需引起重视.      

小江断裂带中段和南段井水位变化与形变分析

应用井孔-裂隙、微裂隙(孔隙)水流交换产生的潮汐水位-固体潮的位相差和振幅变化理论,结合井水位变化,分析小江断裂带中段和南段的形变特征.裂隙承压含水层条件下,地震波和构造应力引起的形变能够引起潮汐水位分波位相差和振幅的变化.地震波引起含水层与井孔之间水流交换增大,疏通裂隙而使渗透率增大,震后井水位潮汐分波相位差提前,其后裂隙内沉积物重新堵塞裂隙,渗透率降低,位相差逐渐下降.位相差的长期趋势性变化反映出含水层在构造应力作用下的应变信息.小江断裂带中段和南段形变变化不同.断裂带中段地区,观测井位相差和振幅趋势性下降,表明该区段不仅有走滑特性,并且具有挤压特征.小江断裂带与红河断裂带交会地区观测井振幅和位相差稳定,表明该区域没有受到明显的挤压,形变不明显.     

A comparison of two kinds of eastward-moving mesoscale vortices during the mei-yu period of 2010

During the mei-yu period,the east edge of the Tibetan Plateau and the Dabie Mountain are two main sources of eastward-moving mesoscale vortices along the mei-yu front(MYF).In this study,an eastward-moving southwest vortex(SWV) and an eastward-moving Dabie vortex(DBV) during the mei-yu period of 2010 have been investigated to clarify the main similarities and differences between them.The synoptic analyses reveal that the SWV and DBV were both located at the lower troposphere;however,the SWV developed in a "from top down" trend,whereas the DBV developed in an opposite way.There were obvious surface closed low centers corresponding to the DBV during its life span,whereas for the SWV,the closed low center only appeared at the mature stage.Cold and warm air intersected intensely after the formation of both the vortices,and the cold advection in the SWV case was stronger than that in the DBV case,whereas the warm advection in the DBV case was more intense than that in the SWV case.The Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea were main moisture sources for the SWV,whereas for the DBV,in addition to the above two moisture sources,the East China Sea was also an important moisture source.The vorticity budget indicates that the convergence was the most important common factor conducive to the formation,development,and maintenance of the SWV and DBV,whereas the conversion from the vertical vorticity to the horizontal one(tilting) was the most important common factor caused the dissipation of both of the vortices.The kinetic energy(KE) budget reveals that the KE generation by the rotational wind was the dominant factor for the enhancement of KE associated with the SWV,whereas for the DBV,the KE transport by the rotational wind was more important than the KE generation.The KE associated with the SWV and the DBV weakened with different mechanisms during the decaying stage.Furthermore,the characteristics of baroclinic and barotropic energy conversions during the life spans of both vortices indicate that the SWV and DBV both belong to the kind of subtropical mesoscale vortices.     

The relationship between organic matter and specific surface area in <2 μm clay size fraction of muddy source rock

The adsorption of organic matter(OM)onto clay minerals has long been considered as a significant way of OM preservation in source rock.Here we analyzed the relationship between OM and the specific surface area(SSA)of <2μm clay size fraction isolated from 13 source rock cores collected from Dongying depression.Rock-Eval pyrolysis and N2 adsorption experiment were employed to probe the characteristics of OM and SSA(denoted SBET)in samples before and after OM extraction using trichloromethane.The results indicate that various kinds of OM occurrence coexist in clay size fraction and their contributions to hydrocarbon are different in each period of OM evolution.The occurrence and amount of OM affect the S BET of clay size fraction,and a nonlinear negative correlation between total organic carbon(TOC)and S BET can be recognized.The soluble OM(chloroform extract "A"),mainly stored in the pore space of clay size fraction,shows a negative correlation in amount with S BET.Our data also indicate that free hydrocarbon(S1)was stored mainly in the pore space and/or the surface of clay size fraction,whereas pyrolysis hydrocarbon(S2)was mingled mainly with clay minerals.Therefore,to understand various OM occurrences and their relationship with SBET in the clay size fraction is significant in the study of generation,accumulation,and migration of hydrocarbon in muddy source rock.     

基于积分图像的面状注记配置方法研究

提出了一种基于积分图像的面状图形注记自动配置算法,设计并实现了基于积分图像的面状注记配置的核心算法.实验表明,该算法能快速准确地定位待标记注记的位置,合理而又美观地实现面状图形注记的自动配置.该算法已成功应用于深圳市地籍测绘大队的房产测绘系统中.     

地层接触关系自动化识别系统的设计与实现

本文提取并归纳出地质图中地层间接触关系的类别及特征,结合以往地层接触关系的传统人工识别方法研究,提出一种新型、高效的基于规则集构建的地层接触关系自动化识别方法。基于该方法研究设计出自动化识别算法,并利用最新的GIS技术开发出地层接触关系自动识别系统,该系统成功应用到庐山地层接触关系判别上,并取得很好地效果,验证了本次研究的可行性。     

基于GIS的测量控制点管理信息系统的设计与实现

随着城市建设项目的迅速增加,测绘部门在城区内建立的控制点也正在逐步加密.控制点被破坏的可能性逐渐增加,其资料的更新也变得异常频繁.采用传统手工方式对控制点资料进行管理已不能满足信息化测绘工作的需要.为此,本文在.NET开发平台的基础上利用ArcGIS Server和ArcSDE相关技术设计并构建了测量控制点管理信息系统.该系统实现了测量控制点地图发布、控制点高效查询、控制点在线编辑等功能,有效地完善了对测量控制点的信息化管理.     

物联网与三维GIS技术在油田设备设施管理中的应用

针对物联网技术和三维GIS技术的特点,阐述了物联网与三维GIS之间的关系。利用油田网络、物联设备之间的传感与自动信息采集,结合三维虚拟场景提供设备设施的空间感、方位感等,使设备设施更具有时空分辨能力,为油田设备精细化管理提供条件。     

基于脊线检测的高分辨率图像道路中线提取算法

为从高分辨率图像中提取道路中心线,本文提出了一种有效的基于脊线检测的提取算法。该算法首先对原始图像进行脊线检测得到道路中心线,再利用canny算子检测道路边缘,最后与脊线检测结果算术相与得到最终结果。实验表明该算法检测结果与实际道路中心线吻合度高,简单易行,且鲁棒性好。     

5·12地震灾区生态环境变化研究

针对5·12地震及快速灾后重建带来的生态环境变化,基于不同时相的遥感影像数据,构建研究区(北川县)生态环境综合评价体系结构,并提取相关变化信息,最终得出生态环境质量等级图。结果表明:地震及其次生灾害和灾后重建等使得北川县特别是东南部老县城附近地区、新县城重建地区生态环境受到一定程度的破坏,造成该地区环境质量的下降。