第29届IASPEI大会概况及其主要专题讨论会和研讨会内容汇编

国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会（ＩＡＳＰＥＩ）第２９届大会于１９９７年８月１８～２８日在希腊塞萨洛尼基举行。来自６２个国家和地区的１０５１位科学家参加了这次大会。国家地震局有近２０位科学家出席了会议。本届大会共安排了４６个学术专题报告会和研讨会,会上宣读论文７１６篇,张贴展示论文６９５篇。本届ＩＡＳＰＥＩ大会的学术报告涉及广泛的地震学和地球内部物理学研究的问题,内容包括：地震预测;地球内部构造和地球动力学;不同构造区的强地面运动;地震孕育过程：定量模型和假设检验;岩石圈结构、动力学过程和各向异性;火山地震学;地震早期预警系统;地震危险性与地震危害;地震危险性和地震危害评估中的新的地学信息技术;触发／诱发地震;与构造过程有关的电磁信号;岩石圈结构的长周期研究和工程地震学;估计地震大小的新方法;地球的结构和演化：地球物理观测、实验约束和模似;地震成核、动力破裂及其终止：观测和物理模拟;今后的地震仪器的发展;地震灾害与危害的公众教育,等等。     

则木河活动断裂带1:5万地质填图及综合研究

经过对则木河活动断裂带的1:5万地质填图及重点地段开挖槽探和剥土,采集了年代样品与构造岩薄片样,实测断错地貌,同时进行了研究区的航、卫片解译,并对前人所作工作成果进行了分析.在此基础上我们对该区活动断裂带的平面展布、几何结构、不同时期的活动习性以及它的形成机制、运动形式等方面作了深入的探讨,包括全新世断裂的研究和它的未来强震危险性估价.本成果的整理发表,对开发西昌地区,振兴西昌经济,促进川、滇两省边界地区经济的发展提供了有利条件,同时也可作为有关方面的参考.     

Comparison of sedimentation and occupation histories inside and outside rock shelters,Keep‐River region,northwestern Australia

This paper compares archaeological evidence of Aboriginal occupation inside rock shelters and outside in adjacent sand sheets, focusing on two locations in the Keep‐River region, northwestern Australia. Luminescence and radiocarbon dating reveal that occupation sequences inside rock shelters are generally younger ( < 10,000 yr B.P.) than outside ( < 18,000 yr B.P.). Differences in occupation chronology and artifact assemblages inside and outside rock shelters result from depositional and postdepositional processes and shifts in site function. An increase in regional sedimentation rate from 10 cm/ka ^{− 1} in the Pleistocene to 20 cm/ka ^{− 1} in the Holocene may account for late buildup of sediments within rock shelters, increased artifact accumulation, and reduced postdepositional disturbance in some settings. More intense use of rock shelters in the Late Holocene is indicated from a change in hunting technology and greater production of rock art. The results indicate that some cultural interpretations might be flawed unless archaeological evidence from rock‐shelter and open‐site excavations is integrated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

浸油法测量黄土样品的容重及其意义

笔者通过对比实验,论证了一种新的测量黄土样品容重的方法－－浸油法的精确度和稳定性,并以甘肃灵台剖面为研究对象,测量了Ｌ９以上厚约７０ｍ的风尘黄土－古土壤堆积序列的容重值。结果表明,古土壤地层单元的容重值要明显高于其上下的黄土层,其变化范围为２．０５￣２．１８ｇ／ｃｍ＾３,而黄土层的容重值变化范围为１．８５￣１．９８ｇ／ｃｍ＾３;Ｌ９以上不同层位的黄土和古土壤单元容重值随深度变化不大,说明受天然压实     

Volatiles,vesicles, and vugs: Unraveling the magmatic and eruptive histories of Steno crater basalts

In 1972, Apollo 17 astronauts returned 170.4 kg of lunar material. Within 1 month of their return, a subset of those samples was specially curated with the forethought that future analytical techniques would offer new insight into the formation and evolution of the Moon. Of interest in this work is sample 71036, a basalt collected from the rim of Steno crater in the Taurus–Littrow Valley, which was stored frozen and was processed and released for study 50 years later. We report, for the first time, the detailed mineralogy and petrology of 71036 and its companion samples 71035, 71037, and 71055 using a novel combination of 2-D and 3-D methods. We investigate lunar volatiles through in situ measurements of apatite and 3-D measurements of vesicles to understand the degassing histories of the Steno crater basalts. Our coupled 2-D petrography and 3-D tomography data sets support a model of the Steno crater basalts crystallizing in the upper crust of a mare lava flow. Apatite F and OH chemistry and the late-stage deformation of voids and formation of smaller vesicles provide evidence supporting coeval degassing of volatiles and crystallization of mesostasis apatite in Apollo 17 basalts. This work helps to close knowledge gaps surrounding the origin, magmatic evolution, emplacement, and crystallization history of high-titanium basalts.     

AsteroFLAG: First results from hare‐and‐hounds Exercise #1

We report on initial results from the first phase of Exercise #1 of the asteroFLAG hare and hounds. The asteroFLAG group is helping to prepare for the asteroseismology component of NASA's Kepler mission, and the first phase of Exercise #1 is concerned with testing extraction of estimates of the large and small frequency spacings of the low‐degree p modes from Kepler‐like artificial data. These seismic frequency spacings will provide key input for complementing the exoplanet search data. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)