一次远距离台风暴雨过程分析

应用常规观测资料、卫星、雷达产品,综合分析2008年山东最强的一次降水过程,研究西风带降水系统影响山东时,远距离台风对降水的增幅作用,并对主要降水时段进行中尺度数值模拟.结果表明:在西风带系统影响山东时,远在我国东南沿海的台风右侧的东南气流产生的风向、风速辐合与西风带辐合区合并,东南风所及范围比湿增大,水汽通量辐合使大气中的垂直液态水含量明显增大.西风带系统在垂直方向上后倾,使得低层影响系统受高空槽前的正涡度平流影响,是降水发生的环流背景.中尺度模拟结果显示:前期鲁西暴雨垂直方向对流基本稳定,但有强的对称不稳定支持上升运动发展,后期半岛地区的连续暴雨则是低层增温、增湿且对流和对称不稳定并存,从而产生强降水.     

Analysis of Three Supercell Storms with Doppler Weather Radar Data

Three supercell storms on 24 June 2004 (0624), 28 June 2003 (0628), and 27 September 2002 (0927) induced different damages in Shandong Province. Storm 0927 was inferior in size and intensity to storms 0628 and 0624. The structure and evolvement of the three storms were analyzed in detail based on the WSR-98D radar data in combination with weather charts. The results show that mesoscale surface convergence triggered release of instable energy, which resulted in severe convection. During the development stage, storms 0927, 0628, and 0624 displayed multi-cell propagation, single-cell evolution, and multi-cell mergence, respectively. The storm tracks were similar: they were all right-moving supercell storms, i.e., moving at an angle of 30°–70° to the right of the mean wind and at a speed of about 45%-70% of the mean wind speed. In the mature stage, the maximum reflectivity appeared at the low level in storm 0927, mid level in storm 0628, and mid-upper level in storm 0624. These storms possessed almost all typical features of supercell storms: weak echo region (WER), bounded weak echo region (BWER), and mesocyclone. An organized mesocyclone formed at the middle height of an updraft, deepened gradually downward and upward, and became a typical mid-level mesocyclone with strong updrafts. The vertical structures of airflows in the three storms were similar, i.e., significant convergence at low level, nearly pure rotation at mid level, and divergent rotation at upper level. However, signatures of mid-level horizontal airflows in the three storms were different: at mid level, there was a single vortex in storm 0628, but a double-vortex flow pattern was seen in storms 0927 and 0624. The horizontal structure of the double-vortex flow was hard to be blown away by the environmental airflow, and thus the storms could persist for a longer period of time than the single vortex storm.     

Amplification Effect of Peak Ground Motion Acceleration in ClassⅡ and Ⅲ Sites over Shandong Provincet

In this paper, the amplification factor (ks) of peek ground motion with different exceedance probability in class Ⅱ and Ⅲ sites over Shandong Province was estimated by analyzing the seismic response data of soil layers collected from 358 boreholes of classⅡ sites and 140 boreholes of class Ⅲ site. From the results, one can conclude that: (1) The scatter plot of ks generally obeys a normal distribution; (2) ks decreases with the increase of the strength of input ground motion, which is more apparent in Class Ⅲ site than in class Ⅱ site; (3) for classⅡ site, with the increase of depth of the bedrock interface where ground motion inputs, ks increases gradually until to a stable value when the depth reaches up to approximately 20 meters or larger. Yet, for class Ⅲ site, ks is insensitive to the depth; (4) the average of ks for classⅡ site is 1.47, slightly larger than that used in the Seismic Ground Motion Parameters Zonation Map of China (GB 18306-2001). Also, ks in classⅡ and Ⅲ sites at different levels of peak ground acceleration over Shandong Province is preliminarily discussed in the paper.     

永善－大关7．1级地震序列震源区应力场分析

由云南永善－大关Ｍｓ７．１级地震序列中的１１个Ｍｓ≥４级地震的震源机制解和９８个小震震源机制解，分析了震源区应力场的基本图象和变化形态。结果表明，震源区应力场的基本图象和构造应力场的方向相符。Ｍｓ７．１级主震未对震源区应力场的方向产生可觉察的改变。大量小震机制解的空间取向的优势方向与主震机制解一致。取向离散的小震机制解多出现在序列的前期，至序列末期则很少发现。小震机制解由较离散向集中过渡，显示了震源区应力场动态调整的过程。因此，小地震在强震序列中也做出不可忽略的贡献。     

中国大陆地区地震序列显著地震的时间分布特征

本文对中国大陆地区１９６６年以来约１００个５级以上地震序列的系统分析表明，地震序列显著地震累积频度Ｎ（ｔ）与时间ｔ间大体可分为幂函数、指数以及线性函数等３种分布形态，它们可能较客观地描述了地震序列随时间发展的复杂性与多样性。Ｎ（ｔ）与时间ｔ分布函数的不同，可能与后续显著地震性质不同有关，即指数函数可能预示后续发生双震型序列的第二主震或多震型序列中的强震甚至续发前－主－余型序列的主震；线性函数可能意     

澜沧与大同地震序列破裂特征的差异

对1988年11月澜沧7.6级地震序列和1989年10月大同6.1级地震序列,从几个较大地震和大量中小地震的震源机制、震中分布、等烈度线、发震构造等几方面的资料,对比分析两序列内大小地震的群体破裂行为及其组合关系,发现两者之间存在明显的差别。因此推测澜沧地震序列主要是发生在3条先存断裂面上的继承性破裂,大同地震序列则具有新生性的体破裂特征     

地震走时CT波前追踪

把走时CT结果作为地震衍射CT(DCT)的背景场可以改善DCT之成像质量。本文由Radon变换、泛函分析变分原理和微分几何导出程函方程后,采取有限差分法求解,实行波前追踪。通过对反射地震勘探和VSP 结构的源——接收系统编程实际运算,表明该波前追踪程序输入简单,适合于多层介质模型,各网格点的走时能迅速确定。     

Variation of stress field in the source region around a strong shock：an example

Ｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｒｅｇｉｏｎａｒｏｕｎｄａｓｔｒｏｎｇｓｈｏｃｋ：ａｎｅｘａｍｐｌｅＧｕｔ－ＬｉｎｇＤＩＡＯ（刁桂苓），Ｌｉ－ＭｉｎＹＵ（于利民）ａｎｄＱｉｎ－ＺｕＬＩ（李钦祖）（Ｓｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉ...     

鲁中南地区断层系统的分数维特征

本文利用分维几何学的方法，对鲁中南地区活动断裂带进行了研究。结果表明，分维值可以表征断裂系的发育演化程度及不规则性和复杂性。断层分维值与地震活动水平有一定的对应关系。     

夏季不同天气条件下风廓线雷达探测精度分析

利用2016年6—8月沈阳地区TWP8-L型风廓线雷达观测资料,判断大气的均匀性,计算风廓线雷达的探测精度,并与探空气球的观测资料进行对比分析,得到晴空和不同降水条件下的风廓线雷达探测精度随高度的变化情况。研究结果表明,1000m高度以下风廓线雷达的探测精度较高。在无降水和均匀降水条件下,风廓线雷达的水平探测范围内大气均匀稳定,东西波束和南北波束测得的径向风对称性较好,(U_W-U_E)和(V_S-V_N)的平均差和标准差值较小;与GTS1型探空仪风速精度相差小于2.9m/s,两者相关性较好,风廓线雷达探测水平风的准确性较高。在探测范围不均匀的降水条件下,大气在风廓线雷达的水平探测范围内不均匀,东西波束和南北波束测得的径向风的对称性较差,垂直速度变化差异较大;U_W-U_E和V_S-V_N平均差和标准差值较大;与GTS1型探空仪风速精度相差大于2.0m/s,两者相关性较差,风廓线雷达探测水平风的准确性较低,需要进一步改进算法,改善数据质量,提高探测性能。