基于滨海环境资源特点的大连旅游承载状态评价

旅游环境承载力涉及多维度属性相互制约影响,而传统方法中对于各属性间影响程度及游客偏好选择的判定则较多依赖于个体的主观感知。因此,针对处理多属性综合评价中存在的模糊性及主观性,提出基于蒙特卡罗模拟修正的模糊综合评价模型。结果表明,借助上述模糊综合评价修正模型针对大连滨海旅游环境承载力进行解释与分析,成功缓解了在模型度量与数据分析环节所出现的主观偏误缺陷,从而有效提升了大连市滨海旅游景区有关阈值综合评价体系的科学性与稳健性。评价结果表明,当前大连市滨海旅游环境承载力状态可以判定为“适载”;在影响滨海旅游环境承载力的6项要素中,游憩环境要素与气候要素的评价分数较高,最低评分数值指标为景区游客管理状态。     

高质量发展目标下黄河流域城市居民生活质量的时空格局及障碍因子

提高居民生活质量是实现黄河流域高质量发展的重要目标和具体体现。从居民生活、基础设施、公共服务、生态环境4个方面构建城市居民生活质量评价指标体系,测度2004―2018年黄河流域城市居民生活质量水平,利用核密度估计、ESDA、Dagum基尼系数等方法进行居民生活质量时空格局分析及空间差异测度,并运用障碍因子诊断模型分析影响居民生活质量水平的障碍因子,得出如下结论：① 2004―2018年黄河流域城市居民生活质量高水平区域从下游城市逐渐转移到中上游城市;② 黄河流域城市居民生活质量高?高集聚区主要是内蒙古自治区及相邻区域的城市,低?低集聚区主要是河南省、山东省以及山西省的部分城市;③ 黄河流域城市居民生活质量水平的空间差异从上中下游尺度看主要是区域间净值差异贡献,从左右岸尺度看主要是区域内部差异贡献;④ 黄河流域城市居民生活质量水平的障碍因子主要是人均水资源量、移动电话年末用户数、每万人公园绿地面积、教育支出占财政支出比重、每万人拥有的道路面积与人均可支配收入等,因此在未来的高质量发展中要注重生态环境保护,特别是合理利用水资源,完善城市基础设施与提升公共服务水平。     

气候变化与多维度可持续城市化

全球大规模城市化和气候变化已是不争的事实,这是全人类需要共同面对和关注的突出问题。当前对于两者之间的复杂关系以及城市化进程如何科学应对气候变化并不清晰,从科学、管理到实践都需要进一步加强探究,以实现全球和区域可持续发展。本文首先给出全球大规模城市化和气候变化发生的基本事实,综述归纳城市化与气候变化的相互影响以及可能机制,城市化导致热岛效应、降水分配不均以及极端天气,并具有局地—区域—全球多尺度叠加效应,加剧了全球气候变化问题;气候变化对城市化的影响主要表现为能源消费变化、死亡率与传染病传播、海平面上升、极端天气对基础设施的破坏、水资源短缺等方面。简要梳理相关的国际研究和行动联盟,从城市化的4个关键维度：人口、土地、经济和社会视角出发,提出适应与减缓气候变化的多维度可持续城市化的分析框架。呼吁加强自然与人文学科交叉,将城市化等人类活动纳入地—气系统,探究人—地—气复杂耦合过程,从城市化为代表的人类活动角度的适应与减缓,或许是应对气候变化的最关键和最现实的路径。     

Unraveling the multi-scalar residential segregation and socio-spatial differentiation in China: A comparative study based on Nanjing and Hangzhou

Residential segregation is a dual process of socio-spatial differentiation in residents and spatio-temporal heterogeneity in dwelling.However,most of the existing studies are es-tablished from the single perspective of urban residents based on demographic data,which is difficult to reveal the dynamics and complex spatial reconstruction within and between cities.With the characteristics of both stability and timeliness,the rapidly changing housing market is one of the processes and results of socio-spatial reconfiguration,and it is undoubtedly a better lens to observe residential segregation.This paper adopts methods such as multi-group segregation index,multi-scalar segregation profiles,and decomposition of segregation index,with Nanjing and Hangzhou as case cities,and establishes multi-scalar segregation profiles and comparative models based on three geographical scales of census tract,block and grid,and different residential types.A quantitative study was conducted on the degree and pattern of multi-scalar residential segregation in Nanjing and Hangzhou from 2009 to 2018.The pa-per found that the spatial segregation index is an improvement of the non-spatial segregation index.There are differences between Nanjing and Hangzhou in the evolution process of residential segregation.Nanjing has a higher degree of spatial differentiation as a whole,among which spatial components have a more significant impact.     

A Coal Burst Risk Assessment Model of Seismic Events Based on Multiple Seismic Source Parameters: A Case Study of the Huating Coal Mine,Gansu Province,China

Mining-induced tremors are indispensable events that gestate and trigger coal bursts. The radiated energy is usually considered a key index to assess coal burst risk of seismic events. This paper presents a model to assess coal burst risk of seismic events based on multiple seismic source parameters. By considering the distribution and relation laws of the seismic source parameters of coal bursts, the model aims to identify dangerous seismic events that more closely match the characteristics of multiple seismic source parameters of coal bursts. The new coal burst risk index T is proposed. It consists of the similarity index SI (representing the similarity degree of relations between seismic events and coal burst events based on seismic source parameters) and the strength index ST (representing the burst strength of seismic events). We studied 79 coal burst events that occurred during extraction in LW250105 of the Huating coal mine in Gansu Province, China. We obtained the distribution and relation laws of multiple seismic source parameters of coal burst events to establish SI and ST. Two groups of seismic events with different energy distributions were examined to compare the assessment results based on the new model and energy criteria. The results show that 80% and 89% of seismic events with strong coal burst risk in Groups A and B, respectively, were coincident, and the seismic events with medium coal burst risk were slightly less compared to those based on radiated energy. The results indicate that the assessment based on the T value is a modification and optimization of that based on radiated energy. This model is conducive to improving the efficiency of monitoring and early warning of coal burst risk.

     

湖南省传统农区乡村功能时空演变及影响因素研究

乡村是城市功能扩散与转移的重要承接地,乡村功能的时空演变及影响因素分析对实现城乡统筹发展与可持续发展具有重要意义。综合运用熵值法、冷热点分析和地理探测器等方法,以湖南省102个县市为研究对象,对湖南省乡村功能的时空演变、空间分异及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明：① 1997―2017年县域乡村生产和生活功能整体上呈现出上升的发展态势,而乡村生态功能整体上呈减弱的趋势。② 1997―2017年湖南省乡村功能热点区由长株潭地区向外扩张,而冷点区呈先收缩后扩张的发展态势;20 a间,在长株潭地区形成稳定的热点区,在湘西地区形成稳定的冷点区。③ 湖南省乡村功能空间分异是农业现代化、乡村就业主体、县域经济基础、城镇化、工业化等综合作用的结果,其影响力大小与方向存在显著的差异性,其中农业现代化水平、乡村就业主体对湖南省及5个地区乡村功能空间分异有重要的驱动作用。     

Magnetic properties indicate the sources of hadal sediments in the Yap Trench,northwest Pacific Ocean

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Magnetic minerals in marine sediments are often masked by the primary natural remanent magnetization and material source signals. In order to understand...     

Dynamic features of near-inertial oscillations in the Northwestern Pacific derived from mooring observations from 2015 to 2018

Near-inertial oscillation is an important physical process transferring surface wind energy into deep ocean.We investigated the near-inertial kinetic energy(NIKE) variability using acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements from a mooring array deployed in the tropical western Pacific Ocean along130°E at 8.5°N,11°N,12.6°N,15°N,and 17.5°N from September 2015 to January 2018.Spatial features,decay timescales,and significant seasonal variability of the observed NIKE were described.At the mooring sites of 17.5°N,15°N,and 12.6°N,the NIKE peaks occurred in boreal autumn and the NIKE troughs were observed in boreal spring.By contrast,the NIKE at 11°N and 8.5°N showed peaks in winter and troughs in summer.Tropical cyclones and strong wind events played an important role in the emergence of high-NIKE events and explained the seasonality and latitudinal characteristics of the observed NIKE.     

Geochemical characteristics of hadal sediment in the northern Yap Trench

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Two sediment cores were retrieved in the hadal zone of the Yap Trench, and their concentrations of six major elements Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe and nine trace...     

对PCM编码式GPS站点布设模式的评价和改进

本文主要对PCM编码式的布设模式进行分析和改进,介绍PCM编码式和闭锁深度倍数式2种站点布设模式,然后在最小有效距离（MED）为6.31倍断层闭锁深度的情况下,通过精度评价方法对比2种布设模式的结果,发现二者相差不大。进一步研究MED的合理选择,结果表明,MED取20倍的闭锁深度比6.31倍的闭锁深度更为合理。在MED为20倍的情况下对比研究PCM编码式和常规闭锁深度倍数式布设模式的优劣,结果表明,PCM编码式的布设模式优于常规模式。将PCM编码式的布设模式应用于川滇地区的巧家-东川剖面进行检验,发现PCM编码式的结果优于目前站点分布得到的结果,说明合理的站点布设可得到精度更优的结果。本文研究对于断层形变监测中精确获取形变参数具有重要意义。