土壤—作物系统中硒的地球化学特征及影响因素研究(代序2)

硒是人体和动物必需的微量元素,而植物硒是人体摄入硒的重要来源。探究土壤-作物系统中硒的地球化学特征及其影响因素,从土壤地球化学的角度评价硒的生物有效性、进而建立富硒农作物模型具有重要意义。本文描述了世界和中国土壤中硒含量的分布情况,并从成土母质和土壤理化性质方面分析土壤中硒含量的影响因素。由于土壤中的硒形态是评价土壤硒生物有效性的关键,本文对土壤生物有效性硒的提取方法进行评述,且从土壤硒的赋存形态、土壤生物有效性硒的主控因素出发,探究土壤理化性质对农作物吸收硒的影响。此外,本文归纳总结了基于土壤理化性质的农作物硒含量回归模型,旨在分析农作物硒含量的主要影响因素,并以此预测农作物中的硒含量。     

内蒙古兴和县曹四夭超大型斑岩钼铅锌金成矿系统年代学及其地质意义

曹四夭斑岩钼矿床位于内蒙古兴和县,是华北克拉通北缘最大的钼矿床。该矿床中部发育斑岩型钼矿体,外围和上部产出热液脉型铅锌金矿体。文章选取1件与斑岩钼矿化共生的绢云母样品进行了40Ar-39Ar定年,获得40Ar-39Ar坪年龄为(144.4±1.2)Ma,相应的39Ar/36Ar-40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为(146.4±2.2)Ma(MSWD=0.31),将等时线年龄认作绢云母的Ar封闭年龄,表明曹四夭斑岩钼矿化发生在约146 Ma前。选取14件脉型铅锌矿石中的闪锌矿、黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿样品开展了Rb-Sr定年,获得4件闪锌矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(145.1±3.0)Ma(MSWD=0.63);5件黄铁矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(145.2±1.3)Ma(MSWD=0.53);4件闪锌矿、5件黄铁矿和1件磁黄铁矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(145.3±1.0)Ma(MSWD=0.43)。硫化物Rb-Sr定年结果表明曹四夭矿床脉型铅锌矿化形成于约145 Ma前。本次绢云母40Ar-39Ar和硫化物Rb-Sr定年结果表明,曹四夭矿床斑岩型钼矿化和脉型铅锌金矿化为同期产物,两者均形成于晚侏罗世末期,属于同一个斑岩成矿系统。曹四夭矿床硫化物的w(Rb)和w(Sr)分别为0.1867×10~(-6)~1.305×10~(-6)和0.3175×10~(-6)~6.935×10~(-6),Sr同位素初始比值(87Sr/86Sr)i介于0.709 919~0.711 951之间,平均值0.710 952,结合前人获得的辉钼矿Re含量,认为曹四夭矿床的成矿物质主要来源于地壳。     

Intraseasonal oscillation intensity over the western North Pacific:Projected changes under global warming

本文利用8个CMIP5模式的日资料,预估了RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下全球增温达1.5℃和2.0℃时西北太平洋夏季30～60天和10～20天季节内振荡(ISO)强度的变化情况.大多数模式都认为,无论增温水平或情景如何,预估结果均显示从中南半岛南部到菲律宾以东的带状区域内ISO强度增加,并且关键气象要素背景的变化会对...     

新型火箭弹人工影响积云内外电场试验

试验证明:新型火箭弹经过特殊处理后,通过播撒金属或非金属导体粉末,使云内外电场的绝对值减小。云内外电场值越大,新型火箭弹对其电场影响亦越大,反之亦然;新型火箭弹有增雨效果;该成果的应用将为海上舰船、火箭发射以及林区提供有效的主动雷电防御手段,从而有效降低雷电给人类造成的灾害。     

欧洲鳗鲡肝肾病病原菌的分离与鉴定

患肝肾病的养殖欧洲鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)出现肝、肾肿大,且肝脏具白色溃疡灶的症状。从肝脏中分离、纯化到优势细菌,定名AL60306NA1。人工感染试验证实:向欧洲鳗鲡腹腔内注射1.0×108cfu/mL菌株悬液,实验鱼死亡率达100.0%;注射1.0×107cfu/mL,死亡率为60.0%;形态学观察、API20E细菌鉴定试剂盒鉴定实验证明菌株AL60306NA1有动力、拥有革兰氏反应阴性、氧化酶阴性、H2O2酶阳性、兼性厌氧、发酵葡萄糖产酸产气、不发酵蔗糖和蜜二糖及L一阿拉伯糖、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性、柠檬酸盐弱阳性、产生硫化氢和吲哚、MR阳性和典型的β-溶血等特征;16S rRNA特异性基因分析鉴定实验说明克隆的AL60306NA1 16S rRNA基因部份序列为1507bp、与迟缓爱德华氏菌(AB050829.1)的同源性达99.7%。综合上述结果,确定该菌株为养殖欧洲鳗鲡肝肾病的病原菌,并鉴定为迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)野生型。用菌株AL60306NA1感染小白鼠实验测定该菌对小白鼠的LD50为7.1×105cfu/mL,同时自该菌株PCR扩增到长度约1000bp的溶血素基因特异性片段,结果表明菌株AL60306NA1有一定的致病力。     

寒武纪生物大爆发之后的底栖生态系统工程建造者:以河南地区为例

扰动生物作为生态系统工程建造者,通过对沉积底质的改造直接影响沉积物和水体之间的相互作用(营养物质的循环、迁移和存储),对底栖生态系统工程有重要的影响.遗迹化石作为底栖生物活动的载体,为研究寒武纪大爆发之后底栖生态系统工程建造者的演化规律,并评价底栖生态系统工程建造者对生态系统工程产生的影响提供了依据.对河南地区8个寒武...     

黄骅坳陷北大港构造带沙河街组沉积体系定量研究

针对陆相湖盆沉积特征,以T A Cross高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,在大量岩心、测井和地震资料研究的基础上,定量研究了黄骅坳陷北大港构造带沙河街组沉积体系和沉积物源特征,确定了沙河街组沉积时期总体发育近岸水下扇、滩坝、深水重力流水道、扇三角洲前缘和滑塌浊积扇等主要沉积相类型。中期基准面旋回A-D层序沉积时期发育近岸水下扇和扇三角洲前缘—前扇三角洲—滑塌浊积扇沉积体系;中期基准面旋回E-F层序沉积期间发育有利于油气储集的近岸水下扇和滩坝砂体;中期基准面旋回G层序沉积时期主要发育重力流主水道—重力流水道侧缘以及近岸水下扇沉积砂体;中期基准面旋回H层序沉积时期主要发育重力流主水道—重力流水道侧缘沉积体系。最后,预测了有利岩性圈闭发育的沉积相带和地区。     

Short period internal waves over the Huanghe (Yellow River) delta front

Internal waves with periods of about 5 minutes and trough to crest heights of up to 6.2 m were observed acoustically over the actively accreting delta front of the Huanghe (Yellow River) in the western portion of the Gulf of Bohai, Peoples Republic of China. The radian frequency of the internal waves was close to the locally-observed Brunt-Vaisala frequency. Through the relatively short (one hour) duration of an internal wave train, the amplitude was observed to decrease progressively with time. These internal waves may cause resuspension of delta-front sediments.     

Complexation of Si in hydrothermal systems

The Au-SiO2 and Sn-SiO2 complexes have been experimentally calibrated at varying temperature,silica comcentration and pH: Au^ H2SiO4^-=AuH3SiO4 lgK=-1.65436 9611.21/T; Sn^4 4H3SiO4^-=Sn(H3SiO4)4 lgK200℃=42.73 Compared with Au-Cl,Au-HS and Sn-OH complexes,AuH3SiO4 and Sn(H3SiO4)4complexes can be recognized as the dominant transport forms in Si-bearing solurtions under pH and Eh conditions of general interest.The decrease of SiO2 concentration and oxygen fugacity would reverse the direction of dissolution-complexing reactions,resulting in the precipitation of gold and silica,as well as cassiterite and silica.This study illustrates the significance of SiO2-complexation in hydrothermal solutions for gold,tin and other metallizations.     

North Pacific sea ice cover, a predictor for the Western North Pacific typhoon frequency?

The relationship between the sea ice cover in the North Pacific and the typhoon frequency has been studied in this paper. It follows that the index for the sea ice cover in the North Pacific (ISA) both in December-January-February (DJF) and in March-April-May (MAM) is negatively correlated with annual typhoon number over the western North Pacific (TNWNP) during 1965―2004, with correlation coeffi-cients of -0.42 and -0.49 respectively (above 99% significant level). Large sea ice cover in the North Pacific tends to decrease TNWNP. Positive ISA (MAM) is associated with the tropical circulation and SST anomalies in the North Pacific, which may lead to unfavorable dynamic and thermal conditions for typhoon genesis over WNP from June to October (JJASO). The variability of the atmospheric circula-tion over the North Pacific, associated with the ISA anomaly in MAM is connected to the tropical at-mospheric circulation variability in MAM via the teleconnection wave train. Besides, as the tropical circulation has strong seasonal persistency from the MAM to JJASO, thus, the ISA in MAM-related variability of the tropical atmospheric circulation as well as the SST can affect the typhoon activity over the western North Pacific.