Aesthetic evaluation of yardang landforms landscape: the Dunhuang Yardang National Geo-park example

Dunhuang Yardang National Geo-park,situated in the Gansu Province of northwestern China(40o25'36 "N–40o33'10" N,93o00'00 "E–93o13'30" E),was chosen as a research locality of aesthetics evaluation of yardang landforms landscape.The yardang landforms landscape is a composite structural system of patch-corridor-matrix,with four landscape unit elements as dense group,sparse group,single body and remnant.The study of the landscape aesthetics spatial pattern of Dunhuang Yardang National Geo-park shows that yardang dense group,sparse group and single body provide the greatest contribution to the aesthetic value of yardang landforms landscape.Yardang bodies are scarce,unique,irreplaceable,and priceless resources in yardang landforms areas.However,they are easily destroyed under the influence of the natural and artificial factors.Therefore,when the tourism potential of yardang landforms landscape is exploited,the protection should be fully improved.     

Factors Controlling Precipitation of Barite and Witherite and Genesis of the Ankang–Xunyang Barium Deposits, Shaanxi, China

The barium deposits in Ankang and Xunyang counties,Shaanxi Province,China,occur in the northernmost part of the world-class barium metallogenic belt in south Qinling.The deposits are hosted by the Lower Silurian carbonaceous siliceous rocks,with a unique combination of barite and witherite.The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in the barite are mainly concentrated between 135 and 155 ℃,whereas those from the witherite have two peaks of 165-175 ℃,and 215-225℃,respectively.Laser Raman analysis of fluid inclusions indicates that the vapor phase of fluid inclusions in barite is dominated by H_2O,although some contains N_2,H_2S,and CH_4.The compositions of the vapor and liquid phases of fluid inclusions in witherite can be divided into two end-members,one dominated by H_2O without other volatiles,and the other containing CH_4,C_2H_6,C_3H_8,C_2H_4,and C_6H_6 in addition to H_2O.CO_2,H_2S,and some CH_4 are interpreted as products of chemical reactions during mineralization.Organic gases(CH_4,C_2H_6,C_3H_8,C_2H_4,and C_6H_6) in the fluids were critical in the formation of barium sulfate versus carbonate.The δ~(34)S values of barite range from 38.26‰ to54.23‰(CDT),the δ~(34)S values of sulfides coexisting with barium minerals vary from 22.44‰ to25.11‰(CDT),and those in the wall rock from 11.60‰ to 19.06‰(CDT).We propose that the SO_4~(2-)generally experienced bacterial sulfate reduction in seawater before mineralization,and some SO_4~(2-)also experienced thermochemical sulfate reduction in hydrothermal system during mineralization.The δ~(13)C values of witherite range from-27.30‰ to-11.80‰(PDB),suggesting that carbon was sourced from organic substances(like CH_4,C_2H_4,and C_2H_6).The formation of witherite was possibly associated with thermochemical sulfate reduction,which caused the consumption of the organic gases and SO_4~(2-) in the hydrothermal solutions,consequently inhibiting barite formation.The important conditions for forming witherite include high fluid temperatures,high Ba~(2+) concentrations,CO_2 in the fluids,low HS~- concentrations,and the subsequent rapid diffusion of H_2S during thermochemical sulfate reduction of the fluids.     

A steady-state solution for warped accretion discs

We consider a thin accretion disc warped due to the Bardeen–Petterson effect, presenting both analytical and numerical solutions for the situation in which the two viscosity coefficients vary with radius as a power law, with the two power-law indices not necessarily equal. The analytical solutions are compared with numerical ones, showing that our new analytical solution is more accurate than the previous one, which overestimated the inclination change in the outer disc. Our new analytical solution is appropriate for moderately warped discs, while for extremely misaligned discs only a numerical solution is appropriate.     

中国钼矿资源特征及其成矿规律概要

中国钼矿资源丰富,是我国的优势矿种之一.近年来钼矿找矿成果突出,钼矿在我国遍地开花,呈现出“面型”分布的特征.从地理分布上看,总体集中在中国东部地区,其中河南省钼储量居首;从矿床规模看,查明的超大型钼矿床约占全国钼资源量的53％,大型钼矿床约占30％,中型钼矿床约占14％,小型钼矿床和钼矿(化)点仅占约3％;从矿床类型来看,主要有斑岩型、矽卡岩型、热液(脉)型和沉积(变质)型,分别占钼总资源量的85.75％,8.83％,2.79％,2.63％.根据辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄将中国钼成矿期划分为六个阶段:前寒武纪(＞800Ma)、寒武纪—志留纪(540～415Ma,加里东期)、泥盆纪—二叠纪(400～290Ma,海西期)、三叠纪(260～200Ma、印支期)、侏罗纪—白垩纪(195～70Ma、燕山期)和古近纪—新近纪(65～10Ma、喜马拉雅期),其中燕山期是最主要的成矿期,形成了约76.69％钼资源,其次为喜马拉雅期.本文初步总结了中国钼矿的时空分布特征及其成矿规律,将全国钼矿划分为41个Ⅲ级成钼带,13个Ⅱ级成钼省,4个Ⅰ级成钼域,建立了中国钼矿成矿谱系,探讨了不同类型钼矿的时空演化、钼成矿作用与构造演化的关系,并认为钼是反映中国地壳演化的有效示踪剂.     

碎裂蚀变花岗岩型铀矿的赋矿岩石特征

本文着重论述了碎裂蚀变花岗岩型铀矿的赋矿岩石特征：即岩石原始铀含量高；岩石碎裂强度大；岩石蚀变强烈；岩石组分简单，有利于铀的浸出（有害元素含量低）。这些特征可以作为识别与寻找该类型铀矿床的岩石学依据。     

TSP超前地质预报方法在隧道工程中的应用研究

在隧道施工期地质超前预报中采用综合的预报方法对隧道开挖工作面前方地质条件（情况）进行及时准确的预报,TSP超前地质预报是目前应用最为广泛的长距离预报手段,本文主要从原理,数据采集和数据处理等方面进行了介绍,并结合工程实例分析说明其应用效果。