Geochronology of the Duguer range metamorphic rocks,Central Tibet: implications for the changing tectonic setting of the South Qiangtang subterrane

The Duguer area represents one of the few occurrences of high-grade metamorphic rocks in the ‘Central Uplift’ zone of the Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. The metamorphic rocks consist mainly of orthogneiss, paragneiss, and schist. To better understand the formation of these rocks, seven samples of gneiss and schist from the Duguer area were selected for in situ zircon U–Pb analysis and Ar–Ar dating of metamorphic minerals. The results suggest two distinct metamorphic stages, during the Late Triassic (229–227 Ma) and Late Jurassic (150–149 Ma). These stages correspond to the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean and northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo-Tethys oceanic crust, respectively. We suggest that the Late Triassic metamorphic rocks of the Duguer area in the central South Qiangtang subterrane provide evidence of continental collision between the North and South Qiangtang subterranes, following the subduction of oceanic crust. It is likely that deep subduction of oceanic crust occurred along the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang suture zone (LSLSZ), which would have hindered exhumation owing to the high density of oceanic crust. Subsequent break-off and delamination of the subducted oceanic slab at ~220 Ma may have resulted in exhumation of high-pressure and high-grade metamorphic rocks in the South Qiangtang subterrane. The Late Jurassic ages of metamorphism and deformation obtained in this study indicate the occurrence of an Andean-type orogenic event within the South Qiangtang subterrane. This hypothesis is further supported by an apparent age gap in magmatic activity (150–130 Ma) along the magmatic arc, and the absence of Late Jurassic sediments.     

闽北大药坑金矿床黄铁矿成分标型及硫、铅同位素组成研究

闽北政和-建瓯矿集区内大药坑金矿床是一个赋存于韧性剪切带中的小型矿床。在野外地质调查基础上,通过分析载金矿物黄铁矿电子探针成分和硫化物硫、铅同位素组成,探讨了大药坑金矿床的成矿作用问题。研究表明,大药坑金矿床黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值大多在1~5之间,为岩浆热液成因黄铁矿,成矿热液的温度和盐度均较高,也表现出岩浆热液的性质;金属硫化物的δ~(34) SCDT均为靠近0的较低正值(0.1‰~3.4‰),说明成矿物质为岩浆来源,硫化物的铅同位素比值以及高μ(~(238)U/~(204)Pb)和ω(~(232)Th/~(204)Pb)等特征,说明成矿物质具有壳幔混源特征。结合区域研究资料,认为大药坑金矿床形成于东南沿海区域强烈壳幔作用时期,与燕山期火山-侵入杂岩有关,矿床成因类型为岩浆期后热液型。     

桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的构造变形特征研究

桐柏杂岩北界剪切带是桐柏—大别造山带发育的一条大型的左行走滑韧性剪切带,发育糜棱岩、超糜棱岩以及强直片麻岩等强变形岩石。通过对剪切带内岩石的矿物共生组合、剪切带的位移量计算、石英的分维数计算、石英颗粒的差异应力以及应变速率的估算等多种方法分析结果显示:桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的位移量为38.3~41.1km;动态重结晶石英颗粒边界统计数据的相关系数R均大于0.96,动态重结晶颗粒边界具有统计意义上的自相似性;分维数为1.207~1.302之间,从剪切带的核部向边部,颗粒粒径和分维值的变化是逐渐变大的。石英的分维值反映出石英的动态重结晶与剪切带密切相关,变质变形由剪切带核部向边部逐渐减弱。桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的差异应力值为23.583~46.983 MPa之间,应变速率为1.70×10~(-11)~9.74×10~(-11)s~(-1)。通过对比剪切带内动态重结晶石英颗粒的粒径、差异应力和应变速率可以发现,差异应力与应变速率表现出一定的正相关性,都随着从剪切带的核部到边部慢慢变小;而石英的粒径则与差异应力和应变速率表现出负相关性,从剪切带核部到边部,随着石英粒径的变大,差异应力和应变速率变小。差异应力越大,导致石英颗粒的受力强度越大,变形越强,表现出来的就是应变速率越强。从显微构造变形角度来研究认识该剪切带,对揭示桐柏—大别造山带的构造演化以及构造模型的建立有着重要的构造意义。     

大别山东南缘侏罗系磨山组沉积环境及地质意义

侏罗纪是大别造山带与周缘盆地盆山关系研究的一个重要时期,分布在大别造山带周缘的侏罗纪地层为大别山的造山过程以及深俯冲岩石的折返、剥蚀提供了很好的约束。本文选取大别造山带东南缘安庆月山地区侏罗系磨山组为研究对象,对磨山组碎屑岩进行了详细的粒度分析、碎屑组分分析、重矿物分析和碎屑锆石年代学分析。碎屑岩岩石、沉积特征和粒度分析都指示早侏罗世磨山组为三角洲前缘水下分流河道沉积。碎屑组分分析、重矿物分析结合碎屑锆石年代学分析指示磨山组碎屑岩物源主要来自南侧的华南板块,大别造山带宿松杂岩可能为其提供了少量物源,但碎屑物源中未见石榴子石和典型的三叠纪变质锆石,说明此时大别高压-超高压榴辉岩可能仍未折返至地表。     

辽宁辽阳地区辽河群酸性火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

辽宁省辽阳地区出露有大面积的古元古代辽河群地层,在辽河群里尔峪组及高家峪组中识别出一套酸性火山岩。本文通过对酸性火山岩同位素年代学及地球化学研究,用以限定辽河群形成时代,并进一步探讨其形成的动力学背景。这套酸性火山岩岩性包括流纹岩、变流纹质含角砾凝灰岩、角岩化流纹岩和弱硅化流纹岩,对其中6件样品利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法测年。CL图像显示辽河群酸性火山岩中的锆石均具典型的岩浆振荡环带结构和较高的Th/U比值,显示为岩浆锆石。锆石U-Pb年龄可分为3期:2190~2180Ma、2110~2100Ma、1970~1960Ma,结合其中存在继承锆石的结果认为辽河群至少存在3期岩浆活动,将辽河群形成时代限制于2.19~1.96Ga,其形成时代大约持续了230Myr左右。野外接触关系的观察及酸性火山岩的年代学特征从另一个方面揭露辽河群总体为一套无序、局部有序的构造地层,各岩组间不存在上下关系。前人研究表明"辽吉花岗岩"形成年龄为2.16Ga,通过野外观察其与辽河群之间均为构造接触。D1442-1和D1444-2两个样品锆石U-Pb测年结果为2180±12Ma、2190±13Ma,均略早于"辽吉花岗岩",结合其与辽河群野外关系,认为"辽吉花岗岩"应该不是作为沉积基底,而是与辽河群为同一构造运动的产物。辽河群流纹岩Al_2O_3含量16.33%~16.90%,K_2O含量4.62%~4.77%,K_2O+Na_2O含量5.97%~7.54%,含铝指数(A/CNK)比较高为1.27~1.50,为过铝质岩石,显示富铝、高钾特征。此外流纹岩轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有明显的负铕异常,亏损Ba、Sr、Ti,较高的Zr及(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)含量、10000Ga/Al比值等特点都显示为A型花岗岩,说明其形成于地壳减薄环境。本文在辽河群中识别出一套酸性火山岩与前人在南辽河群识别出的变质流纹岩组成了酸性端元(2201~1960Ma),同时期存在的基性火成岩(2198~1869Ma)为基性端元,证明了辽河群"双峰式火山岩"的存在,暗示辽河群形成于伸展拉张环境。     

Research Advances of Coastal Ecological Carrying Capacity Evaluation Based on Sustainable Projects Plan

Coastal area is the region with the highest degree of economic and social development and the largest ecological stress in current China, where the proportions and the spatial patterns of developed coastal resource and environment are determined by projects planning. Ecological carrying capacity evaluation is the necessary prerequisite for sustainable utilization of natural resources and protecting ecological environment to ensure healthy and sustainable economic and social development to project planning. Based on the pressure types of projects planning on resources and environment, the concept and contents of coastal ecological carrying capacity were redefined for enhancing the practical value of ecological carrying capacity evaluation. The domestic and foreign research progress and advances related with coastal ecological carrying capacity evaluation were reviewed, which included habitat suitability evaluation, suitability assessment of construction land development, reclamation suitability evaluation and assessment of sea water environmental capacity. The conclusion noted that domestic research of coastal ecological carrying capacity needs to build a complete system of ecological carrying capacity evaluation methodology based on extensive reference to foreign research results, and quantitative evaluation and spatial visualization research related with coastal ecological carrying capacity should be carried out to provide strong support for ecological civilization process of economy and society in coustal areas.     

基于二维经验模态分解的重磁异常分离

由于地质过程的复杂性及成矿过程的多期次叠加性,原始重磁异常往往是多种地质因素的混合信息,既包含区域背景异常信息,也包含与矿床(体)、矿化蚀变带以及隐伏岩体等与找矿密切相关的地质要素所引起的局部重磁异常.如何从复杂的叠加重磁异常中分离出具有找矿意义的局部异常,是当前矿产勘查和资源潜力评价工作中面临的难题之一.采用经验模态分解(EMD)方法来分解重磁异常,为提高分解的稳健性提出了用双调和样条插值(BSI)进行包罗面插值的新方法,并以云南个旧地区重磁数据为例,对其进行非线性多尺度分解,实现对区域异常与局部重磁异常的分离,揭示了深层次找矿信息并拓宽了经验模态分解方法的应用领域.      

Relationship between North Pacific SST anomalies and the atmospheric circulation anomalies in January 2008

Based on the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) data, the relationship between the Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Pacific and the atmospheric circulation anomalies in January 2008 is analyzed in this study. The SSTA mode most correlated with the Geopotential Height anomalies (GHAs) in January 2008 in the North Pacific exhibited a basin-wide horseshoe pattern with a warm center in November 2007. This persistent SSTA pattern would induce positive GHAs in the Aleutian Low area and East Asia and the northward extension of the West Pacific Subtropical High in January 2008 by maximum diabatic heating in the atmosphere over the Kuroshio Oyashio Extension (KOE) area, leading to the occurence of the circumpolar trough-ridge wave train anomaly in January 2008.     

基于粮食安全的区域耕地压力研究——以辽宁省为例

运用"最小人均耕地面积"及"耕地压力指数"的概念和计算模型对辽宁省1997—2007年间耕地资源动态变化进行了定量分析,应用灰色系统GM(1.1)预测模型对未来15年耕地压力变化进行了预测,据此提出了耕地利用和保护对策。研究结果表明:辽宁省工业大发展以来,特别是老工业基地的振兴和城市化进程的加快,虽然占用了一些耕地,但耕地压力指数不仅没有加剧,反而呈现下降趋势,主要原因是耕地生产力在不断提高。科技进步以及生态建设的完善是未来减轻耕地压力、保障耕地、人口和粮食可持续发展的重要途径。     

Potential water sources for Late Quaternary Megalake Jilantai-Hetao,China, inferred from mollusk shell <Superscript>87</Superscript>Sr/<Superscript>86</Superscript>Sr ratios

Lake Jilantai-Hetao, a megalake, was formed some time before 60–50 ka, along the Great North Bend of the Yellow River. The basin is now dry, with most of the area covered by aeolian sand. We are investigating this profound hydrologic change using a number of research approaches. Paleoshorelines of this megalake are best preserved in the Jilantai area in the southwestern portion of the megalake basin. We collected aquatic mollusk shells from littoral sediments at different altitudes around Jilantai and measured their strontium isotope compositions. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in shell carbonates are different between the high lake phase (~1,080–1,050 m altitude) and the low lake phase (~1,044–1,030 m altitude), with a small shift in average strontium ratios to more radiogenic values during the low lake phase. Based on regional hydrology and physical geography, we conclude that water from the Yellow River was the dominant water source supplying this megalake. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of modern water samples suggest the Yellow River was the dominant water source during the high lake phase, but that the relative contribution of Yellow River water to the megalake was reduced, and that the relative contributions of local precipitation and groundwater increased, during the low lake phase.