星载激光光斑影像激光指向变化探测法

地面光斑足印的定位精度高度依赖于激光指向角的测量精度,星载激光光斑质心提取及其变化规律对激光指向角的分析具有重要的意义。本文基于ICESat/GLAS的激光剖面阵列（laser profile array,LPA）影像数据,首先利用灰度一阶矩阵法提取LPA的质心,精度优于0.3个像素,LPA相对定位精度优于0.11个像素。其次利用傅里叶变换和傅里叶级数拟合对LPA质心坐标的变化进行周期探测和建模分析,结果表明,激光光斑影像的质心坐标存在1.83×10^-4 Hz、3.36×10^-4 Hz、5.19×10^-4 Hz和6.71×10^-4 Hz 4个明显的周期变化,拟合结果的相关性R²达到了0.86,拟合精度可达0.4″,优于0.13个像素,得到了较好的结果。可为我国的高分七号和后续的卫星激光测高数据处理提供参考。     

基于NWC甚低频信号的日出效应的观测与分析

频率在3~30 kHz的甚低频（VLF,Very Low Frequency）波具有较小的传播损耗和较高的趋肤深度,可以在地球-低电离层波导中实现长距离传输,广泛应用于航海导航、对潜通信等领域,且在电离层遥测方面具有十分重要的意义.基于武汉大学自主研发的VLF接收机在武汉接收的NWC（North West Cape）台站信号,本文通过分析2018年4月23日—2020年7月22日的观测数据研究了日出期间NWC信号的幅度响应及其特点和规律.结果表明NWC信号日出期间的幅度响应主要包括两种极小值结构：2个幅度极小值（SR1、SR2）的Type I结构和3个幅度极小值（SR1、SR2、SR3）的Type II结构.在以SR1出现时间为时间零点进行时序叠加分析后发现,Type I结构比Type II具有更强的规律性和稳定性.在Type I结构下,SR2出现时间的波动范围、平均值、标准差分别为43~65 min、54.2 min、4.4 min,而在Type II结构下,SR2和SR3出现时间的波动范围分别为48~93 min、80~120 min,平均值分别为64.7 min、96.4 min,标准差分别为10.2 min、11.7 min.在27个月的观测期内,3—7月份Type I结构的出现概率100%,未出现Type II结构,而在1—2月和8—12月Type I结构出现的概率明显下降,最低降至1月份的20.7%,而Type II在1月、2月、11月的出现概率均高于70%.按春秋分交替变化（周期1和周期2）的统计结果,在周期1内Type I和Type II结构出现的概率分别为91.5%、8.5%,而在周期2内Type I结构出现的概率降至41.9%,Type II结构出现概率则升至58.1%,这表示观测期间内Type II结构主要出现在秋冬季,春夏季发生概率较低.     

TL-1本安型陀螺罗盘的设计与研究

本文叙述了 Ｔ Ｌ１ 本安型陀螺罗盘的陀螺马达选型及设计中的几个问题,介绍仪器样机的测试情况。测试结果表明,仪器性能稳定,陀螺方位角一次测量中误差≤±３０′,可以替代磁罗盘,进行低精度的定向测量。     

盐湖相低熟油脂肪酸的组成与分布特征

对泌阳凹陷碱性盐湖相、舞阳凹陷盐湖相、襄城凹陷膏盐湖相、南阳凹陷淡水湖相低熟油脂肪酸组成和分布特征进行了分析与研究。结果表明这些不同盐湖相的低熟原油的脂肪酸为丰度不同的饱和正构酸、不饱和正构酸、少量异构酸、类异戊二烯酸及脂肪酸乙酯系列化合物。脂肪酸的组成和分布反映了原始有机质的来源。     

华北地块北缘AuAgCuPbZn成矿规律

根据研究区成矿地质背景,分析了地层、构造、岩浆岩等因素对华北地块北缘Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn成矿的控制作用,总结了矿床的时、空分布,共生组合特点,提出了成矿规律.     

城市时空大数据驱动的新型冠状病毒传播风险评估——以粤港澳大湾区为例

2019年末至2020年初新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的快速传播对中国与世界的公共卫生带来巨大的挑战。如何科学合理地评估新型冠状病毒传播风险并制定相应防疫管控措施,是各国所面临的难题,也是科学防治与精准施策的重要依据之一。作为我国最重要的城市群之一,粤港澳大湾区受本次新型冠状病毒影响较大,且春节假期后大量的复工回流人口进一步带来潜在的传播风险。本文面向粤港澳大湾区新型冠状病毒传播风险评估的紧迫需求,结合大湾区多源城市时空大数据与流行病动力学模型,构建适宜大湾区的改进模型,并对新型冠状病毒在大湾区的传播风险和各类防疫管控措施效果进行评估与模拟。首先,引入动态复工回流人口和聚集热点改进现有动力学模型(SEIR模型),对现有动力学模型在不同空间评估单元的传播参数进行纠偏,加强模型在大湾区评估中的适宜性;利用手机信令等多源城市大数据,构建更精细化的人口、疾病流动矩阵和相应的传染病动力学模型,以满足各级防疫部门精细化(如村(社区)级)风险评估的迫切需求。模拟结果表明,相对经典SEIR模型,改进模型在大湾区的传播风险评估中具有更强的适宜性;大湾区高强度的人口流动为病毒的传播带来较高的风险;防疫部门所采取各类管控措施对病毒在大湾区的传播具有较强的抑制作用。     

Differences of granitic weathering at the northern and southern feet of Dabie Mountains,Central China: Implication for tectonic and climatic environments

Previous studies of weathering generally started with geochemistry[1—8] and mineralogy[9—12], and have been focused on chemical weathering rates[1—3], removability-enrichment of elements[3—6] during chemical weathering, and the age of weathering profi…     

Relationship between structures of substituted indolic compounds and their degradation by marine anaerobic microorganisms

Degradation of selected indolic compounds including indole, 1-methylindole, 2-methylindole, and 3-methylindole was assessed under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions using the serum-bottle anaerobic technique and marine sediment from Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong as an inoculum. Our results showed that indole degradation was achieved in 28 days by a methanogenic consortium and 35 days by a sulfate-reducing consortium. During degradation under both conditions, two intermediates were isolated, purified and identified as oxindole and isatin (indole-2,3-dione) suggesting that both methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria use an identical degradation pathway. Degradation processes followed two steps of oxidation accomplished by hydroxylation and then dehydrogenation at 2- and then 3-position sequentially prior to the cleavage of the pyrrole ring between 2- and 3-positions. However, none of 1-methylindole or 2-methylindole was degraded under any conditions. 3-Methylindole (3-methyl-1H-indole, skatole) was transformed under methanogenic conditions and mineralized only under sulfate-reducing conditions. It is clear that methyl substitution on 1- or 2-position inhibits the initial attack by hydroxylation enzymes making them more persistent in the environment and posing longer toxic impact.     

影响青藏高原植被生理过程与大气C02浓度及气候变化的相互作用

利用一陆面过程模式,初步模拟研究了青藏高原夏季风盛行期植被生理过程与大气CO2浓度及气候变化的相互作用.结果表明,气候以及大气CO2浓度变化对青藏高原地区的植被生理过程有较明显的影响,高温、高湿和高CO2浓度将加强高原植被的光合作用和呼吸作用,有利于植被生长.高原植被也可通过生理过程,产生净C02吸收,降低大气C02含量,起到调整温室效应的作用,从而影响全球气候变化;当气温升高、大气C02增加时,这种作用更加有效.青藏高原地区大气C02浓度加倍,对高原地区气候的直接影响不明显.植被的存在也会影响区域气候变化,并可通过改变高原热源,进而影响高原及其周边地区气候变化.文中还归纳出了植被生理与气候相互作用的简单概念模型.     

Diffusive wave solutions for open channel flows with uniform and concentrated lateral inflow

The diffusive wave equation with inhomogeneous terms representing hydraulics with uniform or concentrated lateral inflow into a river is theoretically investigated in the current paper. All the solutions have been systematically expressed in a unified form in terms of response function or so called K-function. The integration of K-function obtained by using Laplace transform becomes S-function, which is examined in detail to improve the understanding of flood routing characters. The backwater effects usually resulting in the discharge reductions and water surface elevations upstream due to both the downstream boundary and lateral inflow are analyzed. With a pulse discharge in upstream boundary inflow, downstream boundary outflow and lateral inflow respectively, hydrographs of a channel are routed by using the S-functions. Moreover, the comparisons of hydrographs in infinite, semi-infinite and finite channels are pursued to exhibit the different backwater effects due to a concentrated lateral inflow for various channel types.