Geographical differences and influencing factors of rural energy consumption in Southwest mountain areas in China: A case study of Zhaotong City

China is a mountainous country,and Southwest mountain areas cover the most mountain areas in China and have the most serious problems.Taking Zhaotong city as the study area,based on 902 rural household questionnaires of 11 villages in 2 counties and Tobit model,this paper analyzes the geographical differences and influencing factors of energy consumption for non-production purposes of rural households living in different terrain conditions.This research finds that:(1) Coal takes up the main part of energy consumption in valley areas and coal consumption is mainly affected by per capita cultivated land area,household income,proportion of rural household energy expenditure in total expenditure,coal price,and family population size.Firewood takes up the main part of energy consumption in high mountain areas and firewood consumption is mainly affected by per capita firewood forest area,distance to purchase coal,household income,electricity price,and coal price.(2) Only when the distance is greater than 20 kilometers,that is the average distance of rural households living in middle mountain areas(1,600m~1,800m) to purchase coal,the transportation condition has a significant impact on coal consumption.(3) In high mountain areas,prices of coal and electricity are the main factors influencing energy consumption choice of rural households.Too high prices of coal and electricity would to some extent lead rural households to choose firewood as the main energy consumption type.Compared to coal,rural households prefer to choose electricity.     

综合物探在寻找矽卡岩型矿床中的应用

矽卡岩型多金属矿是我国重要的成矿类型之一,通常利用频谱激电(SIP)、瞬变电磁(TDEM)、可控源音频大地电磁(CSAMT)及高精度磁测等地球物理勘探方法,从直接和间接角度寻找这类矿床。该文介绍了以上方法的应用现状,探讨了物探方法在寻找矽卡岩型矿床中的有效性。     

Changes in ecosystem carbon stocks following grassland afforestation of semiarid sandy soil in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, China

The ecological consequences of grassland afforestation in arid/semiarid sandy regions are not well known with respect to tree species and stand age. The present study quantifies the changes in above- and belowground carbon (C) stocks following afforestation in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands with species of Mongolian pine and poplar. We studied 15-, 24-, and 30-year-old Mongolian pine plantations, 7-, 11-, and 15-year-old poplar plantations, and adjacent grasslands. The results show that total ecosystem C stocks increased following grassland afforestation. Aboveground C stocks increased at a rate of 2.75 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the poplar plantations, and 1.06 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in the Mongolian pine plantations. Mineral soil C stocks decreased during the early stage of forest establishment, but recovered with increasing stand age. Root C stock increased significantly in the Mongolian pine plantations, but the poplar plantations showed no such increase relative to the grassland. Our results indicate that afforestation of the grassland in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands would sequester more C than would continuous grassland. Tree species selection and stand developmental age should be considered in planning future afforestation projects.     

地热观测台网监测效能评估综合分析

地热观测台网监测效能评估是优化与完善前兆观测系统、提高在地热观测台网在防震减灾中效能的重要环节。评估内容主要包括观测环境、观测系统、观测质量和观测资料应用等方面,以省局和台站自评为基础,学科组结合日常管理对各测点进行综合分析,找出影响地热观测台网监测效能的主要因素,并相应地提出了合理解决方案。     

大规模GNSS基准站网快速同步处理方法研究

目前我国GNSS连续运行基准站网已基本建设完毕,全国范围内建设完成约2000个GNSS连续运行基准站。随着站点规模的加大,数据计算的效率也迫切需要提高,采用传统的高精度数据处理软件已适应不了大规模GNSS网的数据解算要求。本文基于BERNESE5.2软件研究了我国“陆态网络工程”260个基准站的大规模GNSS网同步数据处理方法,通过修改源程序及利用并行计算技术,成功实现了陆态网络基准站快速、高效、高精度的数据计算能力。实例验证表明,陆态网络单天260个站的数据在无需分区的情况下,可在1 h内获得全球框架下的约束解,解算的框架点坐标精度在毫米量级,大大提高了国家数据中心的大规模GNSS网数据处理能力。     

闽北大药坑金矿床黄铁矿成分标型及硫、铅同位素组成研究

闽北政和-建瓯矿集区内大药坑金矿床是一个赋存于韧性剪切带中的小型矿床。在野外地质调查基础上,通过分析载金矿物黄铁矿电子探针成分和硫化物硫、铅同位素组成,探讨了大药坑金矿床的成矿作用问题。研究表明,大药坑金矿床黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值大多在1~5之间,为岩浆热液成因黄铁矿,成矿热液的温度和盐度均较高,也表现出岩浆热液的性质;金属硫化物的δ~(34) SCDT均为靠近0的较低正值(0.1‰~3.4‰),说明成矿物质为岩浆来源,硫化物的铅同位素比值以及高μ(~(238)U/~(204)Pb)和ω(~(232)Th/~(204)Pb)等特征,说明成矿物质具有壳幔混源特征。结合区域研究资料,认为大药坑金矿床形成于东南沿海区域强烈壳幔作用时期,与燕山期火山-侵入杂岩有关,矿床成因类型为岩浆期后热液型。     

大别山东南缘侏罗系磨山组沉积环境及地质意义

侏罗纪是大别造山带与周缘盆地盆山关系研究的一个重要时期,分布在大别造山带周缘的侏罗纪地层为大别山的造山过程以及深俯冲岩石的折返、剥蚀提供了很好的约束。本文选取大别造山带东南缘安庆月山地区侏罗系磨山组为研究对象,对磨山组碎屑岩进行了详细的粒度分析、碎屑组分分析、重矿物分析和碎屑锆石年代学分析。碎屑岩岩石、沉积特征和粒度分析都指示早侏罗世磨山组为三角洲前缘水下分流河道沉积。碎屑组分分析、重矿物分析结合碎屑锆石年代学分析指示磨山组碎屑岩物源主要来自南侧的华南板块,大别造山带宿松杂岩可能为其提供了少量物源,但碎屑物源中未见石榴子石和典型的三叠纪变质锆石,说明此时大别高压-超高压榴辉岩可能仍未折返至地表。     

辽宁辽阳地区辽河群酸性火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

辽宁省辽阳地区出露有大面积的古元古代辽河群地层,在辽河群里尔峪组及高家峪组中识别出一套酸性火山岩。本文通过对酸性火山岩同位素年代学及地球化学研究,用以限定辽河群形成时代,并进一步探讨其形成的动力学背景。这套酸性火山岩岩性包括流纹岩、变流纹质含角砾凝灰岩、角岩化流纹岩和弱硅化流纹岩,对其中6件样品利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb方法测年。CL图像显示辽河群酸性火山岩中的锆石均具典型的岩浆振荡环带结构和较高的Th/U比值,显示为岩浆锆石。锆石U-Pb年龄可分为3期:2190~2180Ma、2110~2100Ma、1970~1960Ma,结合其中存在继承锆石的结果认为辽河群至少存在3期岩浆活动,将辽河群形成时代限制于2.19~1.96Ga,其形成时代大约持续了230Myr左右。野外接触关系的观察及酸性火山岩的年代学特征从另一个方面揭露辽河群总体为一套无序、局部有序的构造地层,各岩组间不存在上下关系。前人研究表明"辽吉花岗岩"形成年龄为2.16Ga,通过野外观察其与辽河群之间均为构造接触。D1442-1和D1444-2两个样品锆石U-Pb测年结果为2180±12Ma、2190±13Ma,均略早于"辽吉花岗岩",结合其与辽河群野外关系,认为"辽吉花岗岩"应该不是作为沉积基底,而是与辽河群为同一构造运动的产物。辽河群流纹岩Al_2O_3含量16.33%~16.90%,K_2O含量4.62%~4.77%,K_2O+Na_2O含量5.97%~7.54%,含铝指数(A/CNK)比较高为1.27~1.50,为过铝质岩石,显示富铝、高钾特征。此外流纹岩轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有明显的负铕异常,亏损Ba、Sr、Ti,较高的Zr及(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)含量、10000Ga/Al比值等特点都显示为A型花岗岩,说明其形成于地壳减薄环境。本文在辽河群中识别出一套酸性火山岩与前人在南辽河群识别出的变质流纹岩组成了酸性端元(2201~1960Ma),同时期存在的基性火成岩(2198~1869Ma)为基性端元,证明了辽河群"双峰式火山岩"的存在,暗示辽河群形成于伸展拉张环境。     

基于二维经验模态分解的重磁异常分离

由于地质过程的复杂性及成矿过程的多期次叠加性,原始重磁异常往往是多种地质因素的混合信息,既包含区域背景异常信息,也包含与矿床(体)、矿化蚀变带以及隐伏岩体等与找矿密切相关的地质要素所引起的局部重磁异常.如何从复杂的叠加重磁异常中分离出具有找矿意义的局部异常,是当前矿产勘查和资源潜力评价工作中面临的难题之一.采用经验模态分解(EMD)方法来分解重磁异常,为提高分解的稳健性提出了用双调和样条插值(BSI)进行包罗面插值的新方法,并以云南个旧地区重磁数据为例,对其进行非线性多尺度分解,实现对区域异常与局部重磁异常的分离,揭示了深层次找矿信息并拓宽了经验模态分解方法的应用领域.