Landslide and Tsunami 21 November 2000 in Paatuut,West Greenland

A large landslide occurred November 21, 2000 at Paatuut, facing the Vaigat Strait onthe west coast of Greenland. 90 million m³ (260 million tons) of mainly basalticmaterial slid very rapidly (average velocity 140 km/h) down from 1,000–1,400 maltitude. Approximately 30 million m³ (87 million tons) entered the sea, creatinga tsunami with an run-up height of 50 m close to the landslide and 28 m at Qullissat,an abandoned mining town opposite Paatuut across the 20 km wide Vaigat strait. Theevent was recorded seismically, allowing the duration of the slide to be estimated tocirca 80 s and also allowing an estimate of the surface-wave magnitude of the slideof 2.3. Terrain models based on stereographic photographs before and after the slidemade it possible to determine the amount of material removed, and the manner ofre-deposition. Simple calculations of the tsunami travel times are in good correspondencewith the reports from the closest populated village, Saqqaq, 40 km from Paatuut, whererefracted energy from the tsunami destroyed a number of boats. Landslides are notuncommon in the area, due to the geology with dense basaltic rocks overlying poorlyconsolidated sedimentary rocks, but the size of the Paatuut slide is unusual. Based onthe observations it is likely at least 500 years since an event with a tsunami of similarproportions occurred. The triggering of the Paatuut slide is interpreted to be caused byweather conditions in the days prior to the slide, where re-freezing melt water inpre-existing cracks could have caused failure of the steep mountain side.     

探地雷达物理模拟相似性准则及监测油气污染试验

利用探地雷达研究油气污染问题是探地雷达应用研究的前沿课题之一。在推导雷达波模型实验的相似性准则的基础上,制作了砂质模型,并以原油为污染材料进行了探地雷达监测油气污染的模型实验。证明探地雷达方法能有效地解决油气污染的范围和油气污染的强度问题。同时为开展下一步实验和野外工作提供了指导。     

西方大地电磁测深法理论发展现状

文章回顾总结了近几年来西方大地电磁测深法在数据处理、正反演等方面所取得的理论研究成果,指出在目前的大地电磁测深法研究中,资料的噪音分析、数据的正反演尤其是多维大地电磁测深法数据正反演研究是最为活跃的研究领域。     

中国地区云对地-气系统辐射强迫温度效应的气候研究

文中利用地球辐射平衡试验 (ERBE)和国际卫星云气候计划 (ISCCP)提供的地 气系统行星反射率、射出长波辐射 (OLR)和云量资料 ,计算了中国地区年、月平均总云量对地 气系统短波辐射、长波辐射以及净辐射强迫的温度效应和敏感性系数 ,并讨论了云对各辐射分量强迫的温度效应与总云量的关系。结果表明 :地 气系统云辐射强迫温度效应与总云量间具有较明显的曲线相关。云辐射强迫温度效应及其敏感性系数具有明显的时空变化特点。就中国全国平均而言 ,各月地 气系统云辐射强迫净温度效应一般表现为降温作用。     

The Organization of Multimedia Information in electronic Map

On the basis of an electronic map-based hypermedia data model (EMBHDM),this paper makes a study on the technologies of nonlinear storage,organization,management and browsing of information,management and browing of information as well as organization of data on the basis of the relationship between multimedia information of electronic maps. This paper first analyzes some features of electronic maps and hypermedia technologty,and then illustrates the creation of EMBHDM with some examples.The tests show that this model can efficiently organize and express multimedia data.     

红色岩系中伊利石Rb—Sr法计时获初步成果

<正>过去对于中新生代红色岩系的年龄测定,国内外均取其中火山成因的夹层计时。但因这种夹层分布局限,使该法受到限制。 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所与云南省地质科学研究所合作,并得到广西环保总站、中国有色金属总公司桂林冶金地质研究院、中国地质科学院地质研究所和天津地质矿产研究所的支持,对桂林附近的红层和一些岩溶角砾岩中的红色胶结物,用伊利石Rb—Sr法计时,获得了较好的效果。为该项国内外目前仍属困难的测定工作迈出了可喜的一步。     

Limitation and combined effects of iron and phosphorus on the growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prorocentrum micans</Emphasis> Ehrenberg (Dinophyceae) and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomonas</Emphasis> sp. (Cryptophyceae)

Iron and phosphorus limitation and their combined effects on the growth and development of Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg (Dinophyceae) and Cryptomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae) have been studied. The growth status of these algae at different Fe and P levels is quantitatively analyzed through lab-culture experiments. Results show that Fe starvation can misalign chloroplast lamellas, and metamorphose and twist thylakoid, leading to a retarded growth rate. The combined effects of Fe and P can accelerate their growth, and an optimum culture condition to maintain the maximum growth rate is a combination of 0.05 μM Fe and 50 μM P. Algal uptake of Fe and P are synergistic. Their cellular concentrations bear significant correlations (r = 0.9979 for Cryptomonas sp. and 0.9938 for P. micans; P < 0.01) and correspondingly the molar P:Fe ratios are ∼160:1 and ∼356:1, respectively. These findings will provide novel insights for revealing the crucial factors controlling the occurrence of algal blooms.     

黔北务正道地区早二叠世铝土矿沉积古地理及其控矿意义*

通过野外地质调查、手标本观察、底板地层分布和矿体—含矿层厚度分析,对黔北务正道(务川—正安—道真)地区铝土矿沉积古地理及其与铝土矿成矿之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:(1)铝土矿沉积盆地北以武隆为界,西北至南川,东至沿河,南至绥阳—凤冈一线;(2)研究区古地貌具南高北低的特点,沉积相带可分为海湾中心和滨岸湿地两部分,优质的铝土矿区均位于滨岸湿地;(3)沉积古地理决定了含矿层的厚度,但并不直接控制高品位铝土矿的形成,只有在其余成矿条件都适合的情况下,古地理通过控制铝土矿的沉积环境间接控制高品位铝土矿的形成。     

A new analytical method for quantifying of sterane and hopane biomarkers

An analytical method for quantifying biomarker compounds of the sterane and the hopane existing in saturated hydrocarbons has been established by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC×GC-FID) with optimized operating parameters. The new method achieves the quantification by using a GC×GC-FID system which is able to completely separate steranes from hopanes. The data obtained by the new method are of good repeatability and reliability. Compared with the original data, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 12 reference compounds are less than 5%. The RSDs of the quantitative results of the biomarkers based on seven separate analyses are also less than 5%. Compared with the traditional method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the new method has a number of advantages, such as common internal standards (ISs), high resolution, no co-eluting peak, and no interference caused by diagnostic ion peaks. The new method provides petroleum geologists with an effective and scientific means in future researches.     

Parameter-dependent vibration-attenuation controller design for electro-hydraulic actuated linear structural systems

The problem of robust active vibration control for a class of electro-hydraulic actuated structural systems with time-delay in the control input channel and parameter uncertainties appearing in all the mass,damping and stiffness matrices is investigated in this paper.First,by introducing a linear varying parameter,the nonlinear system is described as a linear parameter varying(LPV)model.Second,based on this LPV model,an LMI-based condition for the system to be asymptotically stabilized is deduced.By solving these LMIs,a parameter-dependent controller is established for the closedloop system to be stable with a prescribed level of disturbance attenuation.The condition is also extended to the uncertain case.Finally,some numerical simulations demonstrate the satisfying performance of the proposed controller.