配加萤石、石膏复合矿化剂的立窑水泥熟料工艺岩石学的研究

配加萤石、石膏复合矿化剂的立窑水泥熟料可以分为4种类型:即葡萄状熟料、熔融烧结料、死烧块状料和还原料。这种水泥熟料都是由硅酸三钙、铁铝酸四钙、硅酸二钙、铝酸三钙以及少量的自由氧化钙组成的。在质量上熔融烧结熟料和死烧块状料优于葡萄状熟料,而还原料是所有热料中质量最差的。我们要改进水泥熟料的质量,必需降低还原料的数量。从工艺岩石学的观点来看,提高水泥熟料的质量,必需增加硅酸三钙、铁铝酸四钙的数量,减少自由氧化钙的数量,如果我们生产后述的水泥熟料,其质量一定是好的。     

基于可控源电磁法阻抗信息的有限内存拟牛顿法三维反演

本文研究了利用阻抗信息进行可控源电磁勘探有限内存拟牛顿法三维反演的技术。首先用理论模型来验证有限内存拟牛顿法反演的准确性和可行性。观测参数为复阻抗Z_xy分量,采用交错网格有限差分方法计算模型响应,反演采用有限内存拟牛顿法。数值模拟结果表明：有限内存拟牛顿法反演迭代速度较快,每4 min迭代一次,拟合差由146.00下降到1.78,收敛稳定;异常体的位置与理论模型吻合较好,有效地验证了有限内存拟牛顿法可控源三维反演的正确性。为了进一步验证该方法的实用性,将其应用到隐伏钼矿可控源电磁勘探工作中。工区的反演结果显示：在工区北西段深部存在高阻异常,其上为低阻异常。截取过钻孔的3号测线发现,-500~-100 m的位置表现为低阻,东侧存在向上涌起的高阻。推测此低阻为矿化蚀变带,延伸较深。该异常与钻探资料揭示的钼矿脉一致,证明了反演结果的准确性。因此,利用可控源观测得到的阻抗信息进行有限内存拟牛顿法三维反演,可以获得可靠的三维电阻率分布。     

Application of subspace identification technique to long‐term seismic response monitoring of structures

This paper addresses the issue of structural system identification using earthquake‐induced structural response. The proposed methodology is based on the subspace identification algorithm to perform identification of structural dynamic characteristics using input–output seismic response data. Incorporated with subspace identification algorithm, a scheme to remove spurious modes is also used to identify real system poles. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown by the analysis of all measurement data from all measurement directly. The recorded seismic response data of three structures (one 7‐story RC building, one midisolation building, and one isolated bridge), under Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, are analyzed during the past 15 years. The results present the variation of the identified fundamental modal frequencies and damping ratios from all the recorded seismic events that these three structures had encountered during their service life. Seismic assessment of the structures from the identified system dynamic characteristics during the period of their service is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

单台多震和达法研究山西地区的波速比变化特征

基于山西数字地震台网2001年1月~2014年10月ML≥2.0地震震相到时数据,利用单台多震和达法计算山西地区波速比,并结合2010年3次MS≥4.5地震探讨地震前后波速比的变化特征。结果表明,在3次地震前远台波速比异常出现时间较早,为震前6个月至1年;而近台波速比异常出现时间相对较晚,为震前10天至2个月不等,因此可通过远台、近台所围限的范围来缩小地震预测地点。东山台计算结果表明,发震时刻残差大小会影响波速比变化细节,因此在实际应用中,应首先确定每个台站发震时刻的残差阈值,以确保波速比计算结果的科学性和稳定性。     

南黄海春季水团分析

根据１９９２年５月在南黄海取得的ＣＴＤ资料和两个断面的温，盐度和溶解氧资料，和“对应在分析法”研究该海域的水团配置和特性，并对其中的某些问题进行探讨。结果表明：春季，南黄海海域存在８个水团，即黄海水、贰黄海冷水团，青岛冷水团，黄海暖流水以及长江冲淡水，苏北沿岸水，成山角冷水和朝鲜西岸沿岸水；     

溶解态磷在海洋微藻碱性磷酸酶活力变化中的调控作用

在实验室批量培养条件下,测定了海洋微藻培养体系中碱性磷酸酶活力(APA)和各形态溶解磷的动态变化,分析了二者之间的关系.结果表明,在批量培养过程中,APA的动态变化呈"S"形曲线,各形态溶解磷在其变化过程中所起的调控作用不同,介质中溶解无机磷和小分子溶解有机磷的浓度是激发APA发生变化的主要调控因子,大分子溶解有机磷的浓度对APA的作用不明显,但APA的增大可加速微藻利用大分子溶解有机磷的速率.微藻的种类和丰度不影响APA的动态变化形式及其调控机理.     

Benzene series in sewage sludge from China and its release characteristics during drying process

The effective control of the odor pollutants of benzene series (BTEX) is critical for cleaner production in the sewage sludge drying process. Based on the determination of BTEX emission and its contents in four types of sludge (dyeing, leather-tanning, paper mill and municipal), its release characteristics are investigated under drying conditions in the lab and their potential effects on exposed individuals are also evaluated. Results show that in the range of 50–300°C, the total BTEX release from the four types of sludge varies from 4.20 to 161.90 μg m⁻³, suggesting that the emission rate of BTEX is in control of the drying temperature. The emission rate accelerates significantly after drying temperature exceeds 150°C, whereas only 5.09% of the total emission is collected below 100°C. A significant positive correlation between BTEX emission and its total contents in sludge at different drying temperatures is observed. Therefore, BTEX content of sludge also determines its release. The sludge drying process under 150–300°C conditions would pose a benzene-related carcinogenic risk to exposed individuals, especially to females. Application of low-temperature drying techniques in sludge disposal is necessary to control BTEX emission and thereby reduces the carcinogenic risks.     

Intrinsic bioremediation of MTBE-contaminated groundwater at a petroleum-hydrocarbon spill site

An oil-refining plant site located in southern Taiwan has been identified as a petroleum-hydrocarbon [mainly methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX)] spill site. In this study, groundwater samples collected from the site were analyzed to assess the occurrence of intrinsic MTBE biodegradation. Microcosm experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of biodegrading MTBE by indigenous microorganisms under aerobic, cometabolic, iron reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Results from the field investigation and microbial enumeration indicate that the intrinsic biodegradation of MTBE and BTEX is occurring and causing the decrease in MTBE and BTEX concentrations. Microcosm results show that the indigenous microorganisms were able to biodegrade MTBE under aerobic conditions using MTBE as the sole primary substrate. The detected biodegradation byproduct, tri-butyl alcohol (TBA), can also be biodegraded by the indigenous microorganisms. In addition, microcosms with site groundwater as the medium solution show higher MTBE biodegradation rate. This indicates that the site groundwater might contain some trace minerals or organics, which could enhance the MTBE biodegradation. Results show that the addition of BTEX at low levels could also enhance the MTBE removal. No MTBE removal was detected in iron reducing and methanogenic microcosms. This might be due to the effects of low dissolved oxygen (approximately 0.3 mg/L) within the plume. The low iron reducers and methanogens (<1.8×10³ cell/g of soil) observed in the aquifer also indicate that the iron reduction and methanogenesis are not the dominant biodegradation patterns in the contaminant plume. Results from the microcosm study reveal that preliminary laboratory study is required to determine the appropriate substrates and oxidation-reduction conditions to enhance the biodegradation of MTBE. Results suggest that in situ or on-site aerobic bioremediation using indigenous microorganisms would be a feasible technology to clean up this MTBE-contaminated site.     

中国地表潜热的气候计算及其分布

从整理全国仅有的６个热平衡站实测梯度资料着手，初步讨论了我国地表潜热的气候计算方法，提出新的潜热气候计算式 ＬＥ＝１４．７３ｅｘｐ（０．５Ｈ＋０．０６９ｅ）（１＋０．０１３△Ｔ）ｕ＾－０．１６ 据此计算出全国各站的月，年平均潜热通量密度并分析了其在全国的地理分布和年变化特点，得出一些有意义的结果。     

30-Year atmospheric temperature record derived by one-dimensional variational data assimilation of MSU/AMSU-A observations

In the past, satellite observations of the microwave radiation emitted from the atmosphere have been directly utilized for deriving the climate tends of vertical-layer-averaged atmospheric temperatures. This study presents the 30-year atmospheric temperature trend derived by one-dimensional variational (1D-Var) data assimilation of Microwave Sounding Unit/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (MSU/AMSU-A) observations. Firstly, the radiance measurements from MSU on board the early National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-6 to NOAA-14 and AMSU-A on board NOAA-15 to -19 have been inter-calibrated to form a fundamental climate data record. A 1D-Var method is then employed to establish the thematic climate data record of atmospheric temperature profiles that are appropriate for climate change study. Verification of the MSU/AMSU-A derived temperature profiles with collocated Global Positioning System radio occultation data confirms a reasonable good accuracy of the derived atmospheric temperature profiles in the troposphere and low stratosphere. Finally, the global climate trend of the atmospheric temperature in clear-sky conditions is deduced, showing not only a global warming in the troposphere and a cooling in the stratosphere, but also a stronger warming in the upper troposphere than in the low troposphere.