Dynamic characteristics of spring sandstorms in 2000

Systematical analyses of spring sandstorms in 2000 affecting Beijing area are carried out. Results revealed the key dynamic mechanisms of dust storm during its mobilization, lifting, horizontal advection and deposition processes. It turns out that in the processes of sandstorms influencing Beijing area in March–April 2000, the dynamic conditions for dust mobilization are significantly correlated with phenomena, such as cold air-related climatic activities, clay soils area of North China and surface friction velocity anomaly. The characteristics of sandstorm can be described by composite mode of dust particles mobilization-lifting-long-range transport. This paper will provide scientific evidences for further studies, prediction and harness of sandstorms in China.     

卫星资料变分分析"98·7"武汉-黄石地区特大暴雨中尺度锋面对流特征

采用卫星TOVS反演资料变分-滤波处理技术对1998年7月20～23日武汉-黄石特大暴雨成因进行了诊断分析,研究结果揭示了武汉-黄石特大暴雨过程呈类似中尺度对流复合体(Mesoscale Convective Complex,简称MCC)的中尺度锋面对流系统特征,提出了"98@7"特大暴雨过程存在显著的对流系统的复合偶极子特征,中尺度急流核的垂直复合体结构,中尺度锋面"湿舌"异常特征以及大尺度梅雨系统中的中尺度锋面的"冷楔"以及高层"暖盖"结构,上述综合特征描述了"98@7"特大暴雨过程类似MCC系统的三维中尺度锋面结构物理图像.采用卫星资料变分-滤波处理方案提出大尺度梅雨系统中突发性特大暴雨的中尺度物理模型,其诊断分析及研究结论对"98@7"异常特大暴雨的成因及其形成机理提供了新的研究思路.     

中国地区云对地气系统长波射出辐射(OLR)强迫的气候研

本文利用地球辐射平衡试验(ERBE)和国际卫星云气候计划(ISCCP)提供的地气系统长波射出辐射(OLR)和云量资料，计算并讨论了我国各季和年平均云量对地气系统OLR的强迫及其所产生的温室效应。结果表明我国各季的OLR云强迫与总云量、高云量都有较好的相关，且季节变化明显；OLR云强迫和云温室效应的地理分布受云量和云状的影响较大，它们的年变化一般呈弱双峰型，峰值在春、夏季出现。     

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC NET RADIATION OVER CHINA

In terms of ERBE and ISCCP data.and measured/calculated surface net radiation,computation is performed of the climatic characteristics of ANR(atmospheric net radiation)acrossChina alongside with the discussion and relations to other two kinds of radiation and contributingfactors.Evidence suggests a high linear correlation of ANR with atmosphere-absorbed shortwaveradiation.whereby can be established a general expression for ANR,which decreases more sharplyas a function of altitude and increases slightly with latitude in summer,and changes uniformly inwinter.Eventually,a comparison is made of the findings presented in this paper and literaturesregarding the ANR pattern and magnitudes,indicating their great difference.     

Evidence of Bio-Organic Mineralization

ＥｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｏｆＢｉｏ－ＯｒｇａｎｉｃＭｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ￥ＺｈａｎｇＡｉｙｕｎ；ＷｅｎｇＣｈｅｎｇｍｉｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎｅｍｙＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＧｅｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅ...     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE SURFACE RADIATION FIELD IN A HILLY COUNTRY*

Based on the simulations of the topographic parameters(mean orientation,slope,and terrain screen angle)in a hilly land,discussion is made term by term of the technique for modelling of all components is done in the surface radiation balance over a rugged terrain,thus presenting a computer model for each component.In terms of experimental data,the components is calculated for the mesh grids of 100m×100 m each over 3.0×3.5 km² in the Zhaogongling,southern Dabie Mountains and a map is prepared showing the distribution of these components for January and July.Results show that the hilly-land surface radiation field matches the terrain element field quite well,which reveals the determining function of the latter,with orientational effect dominant in winter and terrain screen effect most significant in summer.The simulation technique presented is in principle applicable to the calculation for a radiation field in any kind of topography,thus providing a means for further exploration of hilly-land climate resource.     

武钢镁碳砖首次用于盛钢桶衬砖的侵蚀机理研究

作者对我国武钢转炉盛钢桶镁碳砖的理化性能、使用条件,侵蚀情况等进行了详细的研究,在渣线处,它明显地优于镁砖.同时,在镁碳砖渐变带与反应带之间发现—镁铝尖晶石层,有延缓钢渣的锓蚀作用,并从热力学计算揭示了脱碳层及镁铝尖晶石层的形成,提出了增强衬砖寿命的具体改进措施,具有重要的理论和实际意义.     

电熔锆刚玉砖的物相组成和显微结构特征

电熔锆刚玉砖广泛用在玻璃熔窑中。化学上它们主要由ZrO_2、Al_2O_3、SiO_2、碱和其它杂质组成,矿物上它们由刚玉、斜锆石,少量模来石和玻璃相组成。这些砖能够提高玻璃窑炉的使用寿命。最好的耐腐蚀砖具有网状结构。此外,含有最少的玻璃相和具有细、晶作用较高的玻璃相初熔温度。在高温下玻璃相具有高粘度、高密度、低透气性和孔隙率。我们确信,生产这样的砖将是很有用的。     

晴天太阳总辐射的一种参数化形式

根据北京、拉萨等站实测晴天总辐射资料，讨论了应用别尔梁德理论式Ｑ０＝Ｉ０ｓｉｎｈ／１＋ｆｍ作晴天总辐射参数化的可能性。式中除ｆ为参数外，其余符号均属通用。ｆ的参数化形式为ｆ＝０．１８１＋０．０６８８ｌｎ（１＋ｅ），ｅ为水汽压。经灵敏度分析和反演检验证实，该式具有较高的拟合精度（平均相对误差为４．１％）。计算并证实晴天总辐射在自由大气中随气压呈线性变化。最后还讨论了ｆ系数的某些物理、气候特征。