人工植被对广东热带沿海侵蚀地土壤之影响

本文比较研究了３种植被类型－光裸地，桉林与混交林对土壤的影响，结果表明，植物体内养分的含量相对独立于土壤中的养分供应，而主要是由植物自身的生理特性决定的。从长远看，它将导致土壤中某些元素的相对积累或其有效态含量的提高，长期的淋溶没有完全使土壤丧失生长植物的矿质养分基础，植被恢复对土壤矿质全量没有显著影响；不同类型的植被对土壤的改良一肥力发育有不同的影响。     

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NET RADIATION IN THE EARTH-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM OVER CHINA

Investigated are effects of the total cloudiness and other factors on earth-atmosphere net radia-tion(EANR)and analyzed is its relation to other components and ground surface net radiation inthe context of ERBE and ISCCP.Evidence suggests that planetary scale albedo and earth-atmo-sphere short wave absorption radiation have maximum effect on the net radiation under study,withthe influence of cloud and latitude displayed predominantly through the two factors;OLR has rela-tively weak effect;the earth-atmosphere net radiation is well correlated with surface net radiation.Analysis is also performed of the geographic distribution of the earth-atmosphere net radiationthroughout China,and the annual curve of the net radiation on a local basis is marked by high(low)value in summer(winter)with the impact of factors.including total cloudiness responsiblelargely for the shift of the months with maximum.     

吕梁地区分县降水逐日滚动T106产品释用系统

降水天气预报一直是各级气象台站工作的主要内容，如何能充分利用T106数值预报产品，制作更及时、准确的天气预报是气象工作者多年来探讨的主要课题之一。本系统旨在把T106数值预报产品与预报经验结合吕梁地区气候特点，对T106数值预报产品进行二次加工，制作出吕梁地区分县降水逐日滚动预报。     

基于Logistic模型及水驱曲线的一种综合预测模型

水驱曲线法与开发模型法是油藏工程的重要预测方法，但二者孝有一定的缺陷。将广泛适用的Logistic峰型模型和甲型、丙型水驱曲线相结合，建立一种综合预测模型，这种模型不但可以预测某一特定时间水驱油田的产油量、累积产油量、含水率、水驱波及系数，而且可以预测水驱油田的可采储量、可动油储量和最终水驱波及系数。     

系统矿物学与矿物种

系统矿物学是矿物学领域中的一个分支学科。它是对已发现的全部矿物种的特征及其分类体系进行全面的综合系统研究。它具有完全性、系统性、连续性和阶段性的学科特点。文内分析了1979年底以前的矿物种、1980～1989年新矿物和我国发现的新矿物在系统矿物学晶体化学分类体系中大类和类中的分配,探讨了控制矿物种数的人为因素和自然因素,并提出了系统矿物学当前的迫切任务。     

Spatial and temporal variations of blocking and cyclogenesis in the 1978 / 79 winter

Complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) and Fourier analyses are applied to 500 hPa geopotential height anomaly for two selected latitude belts in the Northern Hemisphere from Dec 1978 through Feb 1979 based on the ECMWF FGGE III-b data. The positive anomalies in the three leading CEOFs for the high-latitude belt mainly show the preferred locations for blocking activity in the North Atlantic, the North Pacific and to the west of the Ural Mountains. The negative anomalies in the three leading CEOFs for the mid-latitude belt mainly show the preferred locations for cyclogenesis in the east coasts of Asia and North America, and the Mediterranean; weak cyclogenesis is also seen in the western United States and off the coasts of Spain and Morocco. The travelling components of the positive anomalies in the high-latitude belt mainly propagate westward, weakening as approaching the east side of some mountain chains while intensifying to the west side. On the contrary, the travelling components of the negative anomalies in the mid-latitude belt mainly propagate eastward, intensifying over the lee side of mountain and / or approaching the east coasts of the two continents. These preferred locations for blocking and cyclogenesis are basically consistent with the climatological results, and related to some teleconnection patterns found earlier. The temporal variation of blocking highs seems to relate with the vacillation of the potential vorticity (PV) index defined by Weng (1992). There are two build-up stages of the PV index during the winter. Each build-up stage corresponds to a westward propagation of a large-scale positive anomaly in the high-latitude belt, resulting in the occurrence of a series of blocking highs over the western Eurasia, Scandinavia, Greenland and the Pacific. In general, the temporal variation of cyclogenesis is less reflected by the PV index than blocking highs. The duration of a PV index cycle of build-up and break-down is about 30-50 days. Within this low-frequency envelope, there is a global quasi-two-week vacillation of the PV index, reflecting one of the preferred time scales of mid-latitude cyclone and anticyclone activity in some preferred locations during the 1978 / 79 winter.     

京津唐水资源规划决策支持系统研究

京津唐地区水资源规划是一个影响这一地区工农业发展和人民生活的多目标、大时空跨度的复杂问题.采用系统论的观点对这一问题进行了分析,并采用原型方法建立了京津唐水资源规划决策支持系统.系统由交互式对话子系统、数据库、模型库、方法库和知识库组成.模型库中装有系统动力学和多目标优化等模型;方法库中装有密切值法和两两比较法等,用于方案的排序;知识库中存贮着用于决策支持的知识.重点介绍京津唐水资源决策支持系统的逻辑和结构.     

丘陵山区地面热平衡场数值模拟的初步探讨

本文根据丘陵山区地形参数(平均坡度、坡向及地形遮蔽角)的数值模拟结果,以及在完成山区地面辐射场计算的基础上,从地表能量平衡方程出发,初步建立起零维地表能量平衡模式,并利用考察资料和附近气象站资料,对大别山南段赵公岭山区3.0×3.5km~2范围内100m网格点进行计算,首次绘制出热平衡各分量在该山区的分布图。结果表明,山区地面热平衡场与地形要素配合较好,显示出地形条件的决定性作用。     

Modal damping for torsionally coupled buildings on elastic foundation

A method to determine the approximate normal modes and the modal damping for torsionally coupled buildings on an elastic foundation is presented. The modal damping is determined by an iterative procedure which matches the approximate normal mode solution with the rigorous solution. The response quantity to be matched is selected in a consistent and logical manner. The normal modes and the damping ratios thus found are then used to determine the seismic response of the interaction system by the response spectrum technique.     

太阳活动11年周期对气候系统中准两年振荡的影响(英)

用一个有外强迫的、简单的动力系统研究气候系统中的准两年振荡(平均周期长度比两年稍长或稍短的准周期振荡)。结果显示,准两年周期性源于该系统对于受11年周期调制的季节强迫的非线性响应。当系统的非线性固定时,准两年震荡的周期长度和振幅随季节变化的强度和太阳活动11年周期变化的强度而变化。这可能是造成气候中准两年震荡的性质有时空变化的原因之一。