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101.
The stratigraphic correlation of North and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean records with Mediterranean astronomically tuned sections reveals the diachrony of several planktonic foraminiferal bioevents, but shows the possibility to adopt the Mediterranean biostratigraphy in North Atlantic records. These data provide new tools for biostratigraphic correlation, mainly between the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic areas. Quantitative analyses carried out on planktonic foraminifera reveal the occurrence at Site 982-HoleB (ODP Leg 162) of some bioevents in the same order as those recorded in Mediterranean sequences. In addition, Neogloboquadrina atlantica praeatlantica first occurrence (FO) [within the short range of Paragloborotalia mayeri, sensuRiv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr. 108 (2002) 257] occurs in levels older than its FO in the Mediterranean area where it first appears at the same level as N. acostaensis s.s. coinciding with the last occurrence of P. partimlabiata. In agreement with the findings of Poore [Init. Rep. Deep Sea Drilling Proj. 49 (1979) 447] and the hypothesis of Zachariasse and Aubry [Paleobios 16 (1994) 68], the first representative of the neogloboquadrinids originated north of Iceland and migrated towards the southern latitudes at different times, first in the Mediterranean and mid-latitude Atlantic Ocean, then in low-latitudes (Site 397). 相似文献
102.
Marco F. Nisi Fabrizio Antonioli Giuseppe Dai Pra Gabriele Leoni Sergio Silenzi 《第四纪科学杂志》2003,18(8):709-721
The opening of the north‐central Tyrrhenian Sea is the result of the Cretaceous–Paleogene alpine collision, which triggered a series of regional uplift, subsidence and transcurrent tectonic mechanisms along the coastal Tyrrhenian sectors of peninsular Italy. These tectonic processes, in conjunction with the effects of glacio‐ and hydro‐isostasy during the Quaternary, produced substantial crustal responses that, in some cases, reached metres in extent. In the study of coastal neotectonics, geomorphological markers of the last interglacial maximum, corresponding to marine isotope stage 5.5, are generally used to quantify the magnitude of the vertical crustal displacements that have occurred since 125 kyr. Through altimetrical, palaeoenvironmental and chronological reinterpretation of the most significant works published since 1913, combined with an additional set of data reported here, a detailed reconstruction of the shoreline displacements evident along 500 km of coast between northern Tuscany and southern Latium is presented. The reconstruction was carried out by quantifying the vertical movement since the last interglacial period and by identifying the tectonic behaviour of different coastal sectors. This has been done by carefully choosing the eustatic marker, among those available at each study site, in order to minimize the margin of error associated with the measurements. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
Stefano Gori Biagio Giaccio Fabrizio Galadini Emanuela Falcucci Paolo Messina Andrea Sposato Francesco Dramis 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(1):157-171
In the present work we analyse one of the active normal faults affecting the central Apennines, i.e. the Mt. Morrone normal
fault system. This tectonic structure, which comprises two parallel, NW-SE trending fault segments, is considered as potentially
responsible for earthquakes of magnitude ≥ 6.5 and its last activation probably occurred during the second century AD. Structural
observations performed along the fault planes have allowed to define the mainly normal kinematics of the tectonic structure,
fitting an approximately N 20° trending extensional deformation. Geological and geomorphological investigations performed
along the whole Mt. Morrone south-western slopes permitted us to identify the displacement of alluvial fans, attributed to
Middle and Late Pleistocene by means of tephro-stratigraphic analyses and geomorphological correlations with dated lacustrine
sequences, along the western fault branch. This allowed to evaluate in 0.4 ± 0.07 mm/year the slip rate of this segment. On
the other hand, the lack of synchronous landforms and/or deposits that can be correlated across the eastern fault segment
prevented the definition of the slip rate related to this fault branch. Nevertheless, basing on a critical review of the available
literature dealing with normal fault systems evolution, we hypothesised a total slip rate of the fault system in the range
of 0.4 ± 0.07 to 0.8 ± 0.09 mm/year. Moreover, basing on the length at surface of the Mt. Morrone fault system (i.e. 22–23 km)
we estimated the maximum expected magnitude of an earthquake that might originate along this tectonic structure in the order
of 6.6–6.7. 相似文献
104.
Here we report the first observations of loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta preying on a conspicuous molluscan invader, the rapa whelk Rapana venosa. An average number of 136 opercula were found in stomach contents of five turtles, the curved carapace length ranging in from 51 to 112 cm. No other alimentary items were found in the turtles analyzed. We suggest that the rapa whelk may constitute up to 100% of the diet for immature and mature loggerheads in the Río de la Plata estuary (Uruguay), highlighting the plastic nature of the foraging behavior of loggerheads. 相似文献
105.
Stefano Bianchi Giorgio Matt Fabrizio Nicastro Delphine Porquet Jacques Dubau 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,357(2):599-607
We have calculated the equivalent widths of the absorption lines produced by Fe xxv and Fe xxvi in a Compton-thin, low-velocity photoionized material illuminated by the nuclear continuum in active galactic nuclei. The results, plotted against the ionization parameter and the column density of the gas, are a complement to those presented by Bianchi & Matt for the emission lines from the same ionic species. As an extension to the work by Bianchi & Matt, we also present a qualitative discussion on the different contributions to the He-like iron emission line complex in the regimes where recombination or resonant scattering dominates, providing a useful diagnostic tool to measure the column density of the gas. Future high-resolution missions (e.g. Astro-E2 ) will allow us to fully take advantage of these plasma diagnostics. In the meantime, we compare our results with an up-to-date list of Compton-thick and unobscured (at least at the iron line energy) Seyfert galaxies with emission and/or absorption lines from H- and He-like iron observed with Chandra and XMM–Newton . 相似文献
106.
Role of the backstop-to-cover thickness ratio on vergence partitioning in experimental thrust wedges
The ratio between the thickness of the sedimentary sequences offscraped from the subducting plate ( H c ) and the average thickness of the backstop ( H b ) is expected to significantly influence vergence partitioning in thrust wedges. A series of simple sandbox experiments was performed to study the role of the H c / H b ratio in model thrust wedges. The results obtained show that thrust wedges with H c / H b values lower than 1 are essentially pro-ward verging, with minor retro-ward faulting; H c / H b values greater than 1 imply an increase of vergence partitioning. When a threshold value is exceeded, fully partitioned, doubly vergent thrust wedges develop. Comparison with natural submarine thrust wedges suggests that these experimental results may provide useful insights on the evolution of structural architecture at convergent margins. 相似文献
107.
Adriano Mazzarella Andrea Giuliacci Fabrizio Pregliasco 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,105(1-2):65-69
The El Ni?o phenomenon is the Earth??s strongest climatic fluctuation on an interannual timescale and has a quasi-global impact, although originating in the tropical Pacific Ocean. A very strong El Ni?o is recognized to cause extreme dryness and wetness in different parts of the world. We show that all the eight well-documented influenza pandemics, starting from the first certain one documented in ad 1580, originated in China and in Russia, a few years after the occurrence of a very strong or after a prolonged strong/moderate El Ni?o event. At present, the next El Ni?o will probably occur at the beginning of 2013 (Mazzarella et al. Theor Appl Climatol 100:23?C27, 2010), and this forecast may suggest to be well prepared to take appropriate precautionary epidemiological measures. 相似文献
108.
Mauro?PrencipeEmail author Isacco?Scanavino Fabrizio?Nestola Marco?Merlini Bartolomeo?Civalleri Marco?Bruno Roberto?Dovesi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2011,38(3):223-239
Ab initio calculations of thermo-elastic properties of beryl (Al4Be6Si12O36) have been carried out at the hybrid HF/DFT level by using the B3LYP and WC1LYP Hamiltonians. Static geometries and vibrational frequencies were calculated at different values of the unit cell volume to get static pressure and mode-γ Grüneisen’s parameters. Zero point and thermal pressures were calculated by following a standard statistical-thermodynamics approach, within the limit of the quasi-harmonic approximation, and added to the static pressure at each volume, to get the total pressure (P) as a function of both temperature (T) and cell volume (V). The resulting P(V, T) curves were fitted by appropriate EoS’, to get bulk modulus (K 0) and its derivative (K′), at different temperatures. The calculation successfully reproduced the available experimental data concerning compressibility at room temperature (the WC1LYP Hamiltonian provided K 0 and K′ values of 180.2 Gpa and 4.0, respectively) and the low values observed for the thermal expansion coefficient. A zone-centre soft mode \( P6/mcc \to P\bar{1} \) phase transition was predicted to occur at a pressure of about 14 GPa; the reduction of the frequency of the soft vibrational mode, as the pressure is increased, and the similar behaviour of the majority of the low-frequency modes, provided an explanation of the thermal behaviour of the crystal, which is consistent with the RUM model (Rigid Unit Model; Dove et al. in Miner Mag 59:629–639, 1995), where the negative contribution to thermal expansion is ascribed to a geometric effect connected to the tilting of rigid polyhedra in framework silicates. 相似文献
109.
G. Diego Gatta Paolo Lotti Fabrizio Nestola Marco Merlini Daria Pasqual Andrea Lausi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(5):401-409
The thermo-elastic behaviour of Be2BO3(OH)0.96F0.04 (i.e. natural hambergite, Z = 8, a = 9.7564(1), b = 12.1980(2), c = 4.4300(1) Å, V = 527.21(1) Å3, space group Pbca) has been investigated up to 7 GPa (at 298 K) and up to 1,100 K (at 0.0001 GPa) by means of in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron powder diffraction, respectively. No phase transition or anomalous elastic behaviour has been observed within the pressure range investigated. P?V data fitted to a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state give: V 0 = 528.89(4) Å3, K T0 = 67.0(4) GPa and K′ = 5.4(1). The evolution of the lattice parameters with pressure is significantly anisotropic, being: K T0(a):K T0(b):K T0(c) = 1:1.13:3.67. The high-temperature experiment shows evidence of structure breakdown at T > 973 K, with a significant increase in the full-width-at-half-maximum of all the Bragg peaks and an anomalous increase in the background of the diffraction pattern. The diffraction pattern was indexable up to 1,098 K. No new crystalline phase was observed up to 1,270 K. The diffraction data collected at room-T after the high-temperature experiment showed that the crystallinity was irreversibly compromised. The evolution of axial and volume thermal expansion coefficient, α, with T was described by the polynomial function: α(T) = α 0 + α 1 T ?1/2. The refined parameters for Be2BO3(OH)0.96F0.04 are: α 0 = 7.1(1) × 10?5 K?1 and α 1 = ?8.9(2) × 10?4 K ?1/2 for the unit-cell volume, α 0(a) = 1.52(9) × 10?5 K?1 and α 1(a) = ?1.4(2) × 10?4 K ?1/2 for the a-axis, α 0(b) = 4.4(1) × 10?5 K?1 and α 1(b) = ?5.9(3) × 10?4 K ?1/2 for the b-axis, α 0(c) = 1.07(8) × 10?5 K?1 and α 1(c) = ?1.5(2) × 10?4 K ?1/2 for the c-axis. The thermo-elastic anisotropy can be described, at a first approximation, by α 0(a):α 0(b):α 0(c) = 1.42:4.11:1. The main deformation mechanisms in response to the applied temperature, based on Rietveld structure refinement, are discussed. 相似文献
110.
Massimiliano Favalli Fabrizio Innocenti Maria Teresa Pareschi Giorgio Pasquarè Stefano Branca 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(5):279-290
AbstractA Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Mt. Etna is presented; it has altimetric and planimetric resolution of 1 m and 5 m, respectively, and covers an area of about 120 km . This 3-D view of Mt. Etna allowed both recognition and location of the main morphostructural and volcano-tectonic features of the volcano. A slope map has been generated from the DEM; on the basis of slope distributions and surface textures, five acclivity domains have been recognized. The largest domain, south of the summit craters, reflects the occurrence of old plateau lavas, distinct from central volcanoes which built the present Etnean volcanic system. Interaction between the central volcanoes, with their summit calderas and failed slopes, produced the other recognised domains. Furthermore, newly identified relevant morphostructural lines are discussed. © Elsevier, Paris 相似文献