Fault Systems and their Control of Deep Gas Accumulations in Xujiaweizi Area

A study of faults and their control of deep gas accumulations has been made on the basis of dividing fault systems in the Xujiaweizi area. The study indicates two sets of fault systems are developed vertically in the Xujiaweizi area, including a lower fault system and an upper fault system. Formed in the period of the Huoshiling Formation to Yingcheng Formation, the lower fault system consists of five fault systems including Xuxi strike-slip extensional fault system, NE-trending extensional fault system, near-EW-trending regulating fault system, Xuzhong strike-slip fault system and Xudong strike-slip fault system. Formed in the period of Qingshankou Formation to Yaojia Formation, the upper fault system was affected mainly by the boundary conditions of the lower fault system, and thus plenty of multi-directionally distributed dense fault zones were formed in the T2 reflection horizon. The Xuxi fault controlled the formation and distribution of Shahezi coal-measure source rocks, and Xuzhong and Xudong faults controlled the formation and distribution of volcanic reservoirs of Y1 Member and Y3 Member, respectively. In the forming period of the upper fault system, the Xuzhong fault was of successive strong activities and directly connected gas source rock reservoirs and volcanic reservoirs, so it is a strongly-charged direct gas source fault. The volcanic reservoir development zones of good physical properties that may be found near the Xuzhong fault are the favorable target zones for the next exploration of deep gas accumulations in Xujiaweizi area.     

火山岩与地形联合约束下海岛土壤稀土元素地球化学空间分布异质性——以广西涠洲岛为例

海岛土壤地球化学特征的研究对于认识海岛表生地质环境有重要意义。本研究以我国最大的第四纪火山海岛——涠洲岛为案例,重点研究亚热带海岛环境下火山岩风化土壤的稀土元素（REE）地球化学特征,并探讨影响其空间分布的关键因素。结果表明,涠洲岛土壤REE总量（ΣREE）自然变化范围较大,介于59.07~575.30 mg/kg,平均值为285.53 mg/kg,高于中国大陆土壤背景值（163.86 mg/kg）,指示火山岩风化海岛具有较高的土壤REE丰度。反距离权重插值法（IDW）分析指示,岛内土壤的REE含量高低变化呈现出以带状和斑块状为主体形态的空间分布不均一性,推断其成因与母质岩石类型和地形位置等因素密切相关。3种不同岩性的成土母岩的ΣREE含量变化序列为：玄武岩（236.66 mg/kg）>火山碎屑岩（215.58 mg/kg）>含生物碎屑海滩沉积物（18.99 mg/kg）,对应的土壤ΣREE含量具有类似变化规律,即玄武岩土壤（307.20 mg/kg）>火山碎屑岩土壤（297.46 mg/kg）>含生物碎屑海滩沉积物土壤（89.73 mg/kg）。该证据指示母岩是控制岛内土壤REE含量变化的首位因素,玄武岩整体上易形成具有较高REE丰度的土壤,火山碎屑岩次之,而含生物碎屑海滩沉积物反之。此外,本研究还发现火山碎屑岩单一岩性区内,发育的土壤REE含量也会随地形地貌差异而出现显著变化,其原因是地形地貌制约了土壤矿物和化学风化程度,海蚀丘陵比海积平原更利于海岛土壤中REE次生富集作用的发生。

     

内蒙古兴安盟旅游资源单体的特征与开发

为了制定切实可行的兴安盟旅游资源开发战略,加快"旅游兴盟"的进程,需要明确该地的旅游资源单体数量、分布格局和组合状况。通过路线调查法,按照GBPT18972 —2003资源分类体系,建立旅游资源单体数据库,运用均方差和经验公式进行计算,重点研究兴安盟旅游资源单体等级、空间格局和均匀度。结果表明,兴安盟旅游资源基本类型具有鲜明的草原文化特色,旅游资源单体数量具有中部少、南北部多的特点。旅游单体密度以乌兰浩特市最大,科右中旗最低。科右中旗的 D (X) 最大,不同类型的单体数量对比十分显著,以科右中旗S最大,旅游资源组合状况最优。结合区域旅游业特点,提出了兴安盟和5个旗县市的旅游开发过程中,需要综合考虑资源的品质和数量的关系。     

西藏羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区中二叠统龙格组的厘定及地质意义

在西藏羌塘盆地昂达尔错地区前人划分的上三叠统角木日茶卡组中发现了二叠纪化石分子Acanthopecten cf.coloradoensis(Newbrry)和Pterinopectinella?sp.,结合岩石组合特征,经过进一步开展生物年代对比及区域地层对比,将该套角木日茶卡组重新厘定为中二叠统龙格组,从而首次将羌塘盆地东南侧出露地层的时代下限由原来的上三叠统修正至中二叠统,增添了新的古生物化石证据。首次明确了中央隆起带东段的南羌塘地区中新生代之下存在晚古生代地层,为今后更深入研究羌塘盆地零星出露的古生代地层及地质演化提供了重要基础资料。     

秦皇岛地区滨海湿地类型及其生态脆弱性

泰皇岛地区滨海湿地是我国最具代表性的沙质海岸湿地分布区,主要湿地类型为沙质海岸湿地、岩石性海岸湿地、河口湿地、泻湖湿地、浅海水域和人工湿地．受自然和人为因素的综合影响,滨海湿地生态束皖具有明显的脆弱性,主要表现为湿地植被自然演变缓慢、淡水供蛤量严重不足、海岸侵蚀日趋严重、人工围垦导致大面积自然湿地消失以及环境污染等几个方面．滨海湿地生态脆弱性与人类活动密切相关,合理调控人类干扰活动是促使湿地脆弱生态束皖向良性和狍定方向发展的关键．     

Simulated Change in the Interannual Variability of South Asian Summer Monsoon in the 21st Century

This study investigates the projected changes in interannual variability of South Asian summer monsoon and changes of ENSO-monsoon relationships in the 21st century under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios A1B and A2, respectively, by analyzing the simulated results of twelve Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) coupled models. The dynamical monsoon index (DMI) was adopted to describe the interannual variability of South Asian summer monsoon, and the standard dev...     

基于MapGIS IGServer的二三维一体化人体经络信息系统设计

人体经络是一个与城市公交系统特点相似的空间系统,可以借鉴城市公交地理信息系统的先进技术实现对人体经络信息的高效管理。针对人体经络信息化建设在空间分析方面的不足,提出应用WebGIS开发方式为用户提供强大的空间分析辅助决策能力。系统选用先进的MapGIS IGServer作为开发平台,按专题分层组织空间数据,以数据中心为内核,采用面向服务的4层体系架构,运用Flex和搭建式二次开发技术,实现了对经络信息的查询定位、反射区分析、三维浏览等功能。实验结果表明,该系统不仅克服了当前主流人体经络信息系统空间分析能力弱的不足,而且实现了二三维人体经络信息系统的一体化,能够满足不同用户的需求,为构建人体经络信息系统提供了一种新方法。     

Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Nutrients in Different Types of Alpine Grassland

Enclosure is one of the most widely used management tools for degraded alpine grassland on the northern Tibetan Plateau, but the responses of different types of grassland to enclosure may vary, and research on these responses can provide a scientific basis for improving ecological conservation. This study took one site for each of three grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert) on the northern Tibetan Plateau as examples, and explored the effects of enclosure on plant and soil nutrients by comparing differences in plant community biomass, leaf-soil nutrient content and their stoichiometry between samples from inside and outside the fence. The results showed that enclosure can significantly increase all aboveground biomass in these three grassland types, but it only increased the 10-20 cm underground biomass in the alpine desert. Enclosure also significantly increased the leaf nutrient content of the dominant plants and contents of total nitrogen (N), total potassium (K), and organic carbon (C) in 10-20 cm soil in alpine desert, thus changing the stoichiometry between C, N and P (phosphorus). However, enclosure significantly increased only the N content of dominant plant leaves in alpine steppe, while other nutrients and stoichiometries of both plant leaves and soil did not show significant differences in alpine meadow and alpine steppe. These results suggested that enclosure has differential effects on these three types of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau, and the alpine desert showed the most active ecological conservation in the responses of its soil and plant nutrients.     

滇东北地区地震弱活动前兆异常特征研究

以鲁甸M_S6.5地震震中附近的鲁甸大坪子泉水氡、 水质观测资料为基础, 通过对其地震前后的异常特征进行差异性对比, 分析认为震前地震活动丛集, 水氡、 水质异常持续时间较长, 幅度较大, 表现为破年变异常现象; 震后为小震群弱活动, 水氡、 水质异常幅度相对较小, 持续时间较短, 多次出现同步转折, 表现为介质弱化区的前兆异常特征。 从水样测试结果, GNSS位移观测资料、 GPS时间序列曲线及地震活动性等方面分析了鲁甸水氡、 水质的异常机理, 认为鲁甸的水质离子组分群体异常, 与区域的变形活动有关, 局部应力的不断积累, 加剧了地下深部物质活动及构造活动; 近期的同步转折现象属于介质弱化区应力调整状态下的前兆异常。     

夏季流经东沙群岛北侧的一支偏西向海流

主要根据1992年8月中国科学院南海海洋研究所和香港理工大学合作进行的“南海环流试验”的调查资料，并引用中国科学院南海海洋研究所1982年7月、1985年8月在南海东北部的调查资料、黑潮合作调查（CSK）的资料，通过温、盐度分布特征的分析，并结合动力计算结果，指出夏季在南海东沙群岛北侧存在着一偏西向海流，它的流动路径与文献[5－7]中所说的南海黑潮分支的流动路径显著不同。对夏季南海海流的三维数值模拟也得到了相似的结果。