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181.
182.
In phase Ⅱ of the Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project (RMIP) for Asia, the regional climate has been simulated for July 1988 through December 1998 by five regional climate models and one global variable resolution model. Comparison of the 10-year simulated precipitation with the observations was carried out. The results show that most models have the capacity to reproduce the basic spatial pattern of precipitation for Asia, and the main rainbelt can be reproduced by most models, but there are distinctions in the location and the intensity. Most models overestimate the precipitation over most continental regions. Interannual variability of the precipitation can also be basically simulated, while differences exist between various models and the observations. The biases in the stream field are important reasons behind the simulation errors of the Regional Climate Models (RCMs). The cumulus scheme and land surface process have large influences on the precipitation simulation. Generally, the Grell cumulus scheme produces more precipitation than the Kuo scheme. 相似文献
183.
The cloud variations under subtropical high(STH) conditions during summers over a ten-year period are studied using combined data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction.The results reveal that clouds mainly experience an isolated evolution in the STHs,which is designated in this study by the 1540 gpm geopotential lines at 850 hPa.In the STH domain throughout the Northern Hemisphere,the average amount of total clouds exceeds 30%.Low clouds dominate in the STH domain,contributing over 60%of total cloud amount within the Pacific subtropical high and over 40%within the Atlantic subtropical high.The prevalence of low clouds in above regions is determined by the circulation pattern around 150°-180°E and 850 hPa,which suppresses both the upward development of the cloud tops and the water vapor divergences near the surface.Furthermore,clouds present great geographical incoherence within the STH domain.In the eastern STHs,the amount of middle and low clouds increases to peak in the early morning and decreases to a trough in the afternoon,while the amount of high clouds remains stable throughout the day.Conversely,in the western STHs,the diurnal amplitude of low and middle clouds is less than three,while high clouds dramatically reach the maximum in the afternoon and drop to the minimum in the evening.Among the nine cloud categories,stratocumulus clouds with greater optical thickness account for the most under STH conditions,no matter their occurrence or amount,causing more shortwave cloud radiative forcing to cool the local atmosphere and surface as a consequence. 相似文献
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本世纪青藏高原气候的三次突变及与天文因素的相关 总被引:30,自引:9,他引:30
用给出了的划分气候阶段的标准对本世纪高原的气温,降水和季风的阶段性变化进行了分析,发现本世纪高原气候在20年代初,50-60年代和80年代初发生了三次突变,与北半球的气候变化一致。高原气温突长数年后我国和北半球温度突升,接着高原季节增强,高原“季风多雨区”变温,“季风少雨区”变干,反之则相反,进一步分析表明,地球自转速度和太阳黑子周期长度的变化对高原及北半球本世纪气候的突变和阶段性变化起着重要的作 相似文献
187.
利用2007~2010年6~9月四川加密自动气象站雨量监测资料,分析了小时雨量特征,并结合其间的泥石流、滑坡地质灾害个例,对泥石流、滑坡发生时的降雨特点进行了分析。结果表明,1500m以下小时平均雨强较大时段出现在1~7时,1500m以上小时雨强较大时段出现在夜间10时至次日8时,短历时强降雨是诱发泥石流的关键因素,而滑坡的发生受降水的累计和滞后效应影响。海拔1500m以下,发生泥石流、滑坡一般需要50mm的降水,1500~3500m海拔,6小时降水有15~20mm,就有可能引发泥石流、滑坡,而在3500m以上,6小时降水有10~15mm即可。 相似文献
188.
基于SWCWARMS模式9km×9km分辨率逐小时降水预报,通过时间滞后集合预报方法构建多个集合成员,使用SAL评分值计算相应集合成员的权重系数,进行不等权集合平均,从而得到新的逐小时降水预报。利用SAL、TS和BIAS检验方法对四川省2019年8月的逐小时降水量时间滞后集合预报及相应的SWCWARMS模式最新时次预报进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)时间滞后集合预报SAL检验的L值和A值都较模式预报更接近于0,较好地改善了降水位置和强度的整体预报水平;(2)时间滞后集合预报对逐小时降水晴雨TS评分提升明显,评分提高百分率在10%左右,有效地减小了模式在晴雨方面的空报;(3)临近预报时效,时间滞后集合预报方法对于大量级降水预报也有较好的订正效果。 相似文献
189.
The performance of the Climate version of the Regional Eta-coordinate Model (CREM), a regional climate model developed by State Key Laboratory of Nu- merical modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LASG/IAP), in simulating rainfall anomalies during the ENSO decaying summers from 1982 to 2002 was evaluated. The added value of rainfall simulation relative to reanalysis data and the sources of model bias were studied. Results showed that the model simulated rainfall anomalies moderately well. The model did well at capturing the above-normal rainfall along the Yangtze River valley (YRV) during El Nio decaying summers and the below and above-normal rainfall centers along the YRV and the Huaihe River valley (HRV), respectively, during La Nia decaying summers. These features were not evident in rainfall products derived from the reanalysis, indicating that rainfall simulation did add value. The main limitations of the model were that the simulated rainfall anomalies along the YRV were far stronger and weaker in magnitude than the observations during El Nio decaying summers and La Nia decaying summers, respectively. The stronger magnitude above-normal rainfall during El Nio decaying summers was due to a stronger northward transport of water vapor in the lower troposphere, mostly from moisture advection. An artificial, above-normal rainfall center was seen in the region north to 35°N, which was associated with stronger northward water vapor transport. Both lower tropospheric circulation bias and a wetter model atmosphere contributed to the bias caused by water vapor transport. There was a stronger southward water vapor transport from the southern boundary of the model during La Nia decaying summers;less remaining water vapor caused anomalously weaker rainfall in the model as compared to observations. 相似文献
190.
针对当前我国重污染天气实时的空气质量预报问题,该文提出了一种融合随机森林算法与WRF大气模式的PM2.5浓度实时预报方法。该方法结合了北京市地面空气质量监测数据和WRF气象数据进行分析,将高层大气状态(如逆温层高度等)融入了预报模型中,建立了0~72h的PM2.5浓度实时预报模型。实验证明,该模型能够对0~72h单站点的PM2.5浓度进行较高精度的实时预报,且在24~72h的长时预报结果上较基于地面空气污染物数据与地表气象站数据的预报方法精度有明显提升,即该方法可以更好地模拟大气物理化学状态,从而更为精准地进行长时PM2.5浓度预报。 相似文献