鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水重力流岩相发育特征及其储集性

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7、长6油层组广泛发育深水重力流,基于对长7-长6段共计852.7 m岩心的精细分析并结合测井、录井等数据,总结分析了湖盆重力流沉积岩相的类型、成因、特征和发育规律。综合岩石类型、沉积构造和发育规模,共识别出8种岩相类型,分别是：滑动砂岩相(Sl)、滑塌砂岩相(Ss)、滑塌泥岩相(Sm)、中-薄层块状含砾砂岩相(Sc)、中-薄层块状纯净砂岩相(Sp)、厚层块状含砾砂岩相(St)、块状含砾泥岩相(Mc)、中-薄层具层理砂岩夹泥岩相(Tb)。按照Shanmugam基于重力流沉积过程的分类方法,Sl是滑动成因,Ss、Sm是滑塌成因,St、Sp、Sc、Mc是碎屑流成因,Tb是浊流成因。不同岩相发育规模差别较大,从累计厚度和发育频次上看,St、Sp规模最大。砂岩岩相可构成良好储层,St储层质量最好,其次为Sp、Sc,但Sp、Sc的发育规模远大于St,综合认为在实际勘探中Sp、Sc是重力流储层最有利的勘探目标。     

三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)外套膜无核珍珠颜色成因的育珠实验

用紫色蚌和非紫色蚌制取细胞小片,分别插入紫色蚌和非紫色蚌外套膜内,探究三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)无核珍珠颜色与制片蚌、育珠蚌的关系;用不同类型制片蚌的不同部位制取细胞小片,分别插入育珠蚌外套膜内,进一步探究珍珠颜色与制片蚌珍珠质颜色的关系。结果表明,以紫色蚌为制片蚌,所产的珍珠为紫色系,珍珠紫色深浅与细胞小片所对应部位的制片蚌珍珠质紫色深浅呈正相关。以非紫色蚌为制片蚌,所产的珍珠有白色系和黄色系,珍珠黄色深浅与细胞小片所对应部位的制片蚌珍珠质黄色深浅呈正相关。三角帆蚌外套膜无核珍珠颜色是由提供细胞小片的制片蚌珍珠质颜色所决定,而与育珠蚌无关。该结论支持珍珠囊表皮细胞来自于移植细胞小片的观点。该结果表明,通过定向选育纯紫、纯白色贝壳珍珠质三角帆蚌新品系,即可培育出纯紫、纯白色无核珍珠。     

Methods and procedures to determine the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles

This paper establishes techniques and methods to determine a variety of boundaries associated with 200 nautical miles beyond the continental shelf. The methods, based on topography, slope and second-deriv- ative profile integrated analysis, are now able to identify automatically the foot of the continental slope （FOS）. By analyzing the sedimentary profile, the points of 1% sediment thickness are recognized. Through the intersection, cut, deletion and mergence calculation of the extrapolated data set of fLxed-point series, the method succeeds in generating automatically the extrapolated boundaries, including the FOS＋60 M line, the 350 M line, and the 2500 m＋100 M line. In addition, based on the automatic analysis of the topographic profile, it can be applied to determine rapidly the points of maximum water depth. Taking the northern Okinawa Trough （OT） as an example, these methods are used to calculate and examine the boundaries in- cluded in the Submission by the People＇s Republic of China Concerning the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical miles in Part of the East China Sea （ECS）; the boundaries thus derived have a solid scientific and rational basis.     

Characteristics of sea ice kinematics from the marginal ice zone to the packed ice zone observed by buoys deployed during the 9th Chinese Arctic Expedition

Sea ice growth and consolidation play a significant role in heat and momentum exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. However, few in situ observations of sea ice kinematics have been reported owing to difficulties of deployment of buoys in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). To investigate the characteristics of sea ice kinematics from MIZ to packed ice zone (PIZ), eight drifting buoys designed by Taiyuan University of Technology were deployed in the open water at the ice edge of the Canadian Basin. Sea ice near the buoy constantly increased as the buoy drifted, and the kinematics of the buoy changed as the buoy was frozen into the ice. This process can be determined using sea ice concentration, sea skin temperature, and drift speed of buoy together. Sea ice concentration data showed that buoys entered the PIZ in mid-October as the ice grew and consolidated around the buoys, with high amplitude, high frequency buoy motions almost ceasing. Our results confirmed that good correlation coefficient in monthly scale between buoy drift and the wind only happened in the ice zone. The correlation coefficient between buoys and wind was below 0.3 while the buoys were in open water. As buoys entered the ice zone, the buoy speed was normally distributed at wind speeds above 6 m/s. The buoy drifted mainly to the right of the wind within 45° at wind speeds above 8 m/s. During further consolidation of the ice in MIZ, the direct forcing on the ice through winds will be lessened. The correlation coefficient value increased to 0.9 in November, and gradually decreased to 0.7 in April.     

海洋沉积物微量元素地球化学特征对天然气水合物勘探的指示意义

天然气水合物与资源和全球环境变化等重大科学问题密切相关。前期关于甲烷渗漏区地球化学特征的研究主要集中于浅表层沉积物（＜20 m）,而浅层沉积物（＞20 m）地球化学特征知之甚少。为探讨海洋浅层沉积物微量元素特征与天然气水合物勘探的相关关系,对南海神狐海域沉积物进行了4个站位的钻探取样,分析了样品主、微量元素和有机碳地球化学特征,并采用氧化还原状态以及Mo与TOC相关关系的分析方法进行探讨。结果显示,沉积物主量元素特征主要受到陆源碎屑物质输入的主导,与天然气水合物富集无明显关系。水合物赋存段及附近沉积物中Ba和Mo元素高度富集,存在明显的“Ba峰”和“Mo峰”,主要是由于天然气水合物分解释放大量甲烷产生的硫化环境所导致。因此,沉积物中的Ba和Mo富集特征可作为识别可能存在天然气水合物分布的重要地球化学指标。     

阿姆河盆地侏罗系海相烃源岩地化特征及与中国海相烃源岩比较

阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相烃源岩是一套公认的成熟烃源岩,其成熟度与中国古生界高-过成熟度海相烃源岩不同,通过对阿姆河右岸地区上侏罗统岩石样品的地球化学分析及与中国塔里木和华北、四川、吐哈、渤海湾等盆地类似烃源岩的比对,研究了阿姆河盆地成熟海相烃源岩地化特征,建立了有机质丰度与类型的评价标准与图版。结果表明:阿姆河盆地侏罗系存在灰岩和泥岩两类海相烃源岩,灰岩有机质丰度略高于塔里木盆地古生界和华北地台中上元古界灰岩,与四川盆地二叠系灰岩接近,泥岩有机质丰度与吐哈盆地侏罗系煤系泥岩相当,成倍好于塔里木盆地、华北地台海相泥岩;海相泥岩属于Ⅰ₂~Ⅱ型烃源岩,海相灰岩属于Ⅲ~Ⅱ型烃源岩,综合分析认为:1）阿姆河盆地上侏罗统灰岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为0.5%,泥岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为3%;2）以低等生物为主的海相碳酸盐岩或泥岩,其可溶有机质氯仿沥青“A”族组分、Pr/Ph与Ph/nC₁₈关系、甾烷ααα（C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉）-20R含量、多环芳香“三芴”系列等参数既揭示了烃源岩的生源环境,也是鉴别母质类型的良好参数。阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相泥岩和灰岩烃源岩评价标准与图版的建立,对国外海相盆地油气资源评价具有重要意义。     

Effects of river damming on biogenic silica turnover: implications for biogeochemical carbon and nutrient cycles

Rivers link terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems, and they transport large amounts of substances into oceans each year, including several forms of silicon (Si), carbon (C), and other nutrients. However, river damming affects the water flow and biogeochemical cycles of Si, C, and other nutrients through biogeochemical interacting processes. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of the effects of river damming on the processes of biogeochemical Si cycle, especially the source, composition, and recycling process of biogenic silica (BSi). Then, we introduce dam impacts on the cycles of C and some other nutrients. Dissolved silicon in rivers is mainly released from phytolith dissolution and silicate weathering. BSi in suspended matter or sediments in most rivers mainly consists of phytoliths and mainly originates from soil erosion. However, diatom growth and deposition in many reservoirs formed by river interception may significantly increase the contribution of diatom Si to total BSi, and thus significantly influence the biogeochemical Si, C, and nutrient cycles. Yet the turnover of phytoliths and diatoms in different rivers formed by river damming is still poorly quantified. Thus, they should be further investigated to enhance our understanding about the effects of river damming on global biogeochemical Si, C and nutrient cycles.     

北京市浅山区地质资源环境现状及保护对策刍议

北京市浅山区位于山地和平原两大地貌单元过渡带,查明247处矿产地,涉及10种矿产;泉水丰富,分布有一类泉27个;地质遗迹27处;浅层地温能开发潜力较大;地下空间资源尚未大规模开发利用;在房山及昌平局部区域含有富硒土壤,可培育富硒农产品.浅山区也存在地质灾害,属于地质灾害中—低易发区;存在矿山地质环境问题(采空塌陷、岩土...     

压力传感器受力的数值模拟分析

由于传感器与周围介质刚度不耦合的原因,埋入式压力传感器所测得读数并不是材料内部真正的受力状态。根据压力传感器的实际结构,采用有限元数值模拟分析方法,计算得出压力传感器的实际受力特征与应力分布规律,提出了压力传感器读数的修正方法,为压力传感器的正确使用提供理论依据和可靠的方法。     

非饱和土壤水分运动参数的确定——以河南驻马店亚粘土为例

土壤水分运动参数的选取和确定是研究包气带中水分贮存和运动的基础.本文以河南驻马店亚粘土为例,进行了非饱和土壤水分运动参数的测定.通过将实测数据与经验模型拟合,将实验结果、计算结果和拟合结果进行了对比分析,发现所用的经验模型与实际数据吻合较好.研究结果表明选用的经验模型是可靠的,从而确定了土壤水分运动最优参数.