包头黄河湿地生态恢复植物类型的选择

为了能够更好的以近自然的生态恢复模式对包头黄河湿地植物受损区域进行植物恢复,通过多次对包头黄河湿地各区域植物现状的实地调查,分区域、分类型地对包头黄河湿地植物现状进行了分析。根据包头黄河湿地的特点,确定了植物恢复物种的选择原则;结合包头市湿地功能规划与片区划分,对敕勒川盐碱化区、露滩-大堤区、湖泊与临河挺水植物区、河成湖浮叶-沉水植物区、农垦恢复区与林岛、滨河生态廊道风貌控制带6种不同立地区域植物恢复选择物种进行了研究,分别提出了植物恢复可使用的植物种类,并且进行了生态恢复典型植物的成活率实践研究,验证了所选植物能够在该区域良好生长。     

Comparison of Liquid Water Content Retrievals for Airborne Millimeter-Wave Radar with Different Particle Parameter Schemes

In the application of the physical iterative method to retrieve millimeter-wave radar liquid water content(LWC) and liquid water path(LWP), particle parameter scheme is the main factor affecting retrieval performance. In this paper, synchronous measurements of an airborne millimeter-wave radar and a hot-wire probe in stratus cloud are used to compare the LWC retrievals of the oceanic and continental particle parameter scheme with diameter less than 50μm and the particle parameter scheme with diameter less than 500μm and 1500μm(scheme 1, scheme 2, scheme 3, and scheme4, respectively). The results show that the particle parameter scheme needs to be selected according to the reflectivity factor when using the physical iterative method to retrieve the LWC and LWP. When the reflectivity factor is less than-30 d BZ, the retrieval error of scheme 1 is the minimum. When the reflectivity factor is greater than-30 d BZ, the retrieval error of scheme 4 is the minimum. Based on the reflectance factor value, the LWP retrievals of scheme 4 are closer to the measurements, the average relative bias is 5.2%, and the minimum relative bias is 4.4 %. Compared with other schemes,scheme 4 seems to be more useful for the LWC and LWP retrieval of stratus cloud in China.     

Impacts of increased variability in precipitation and air temperature on net primary productivity of the Tibetan Plateau: a modeling analysis

We analyzed interannual variability (IAV) of precipitation and air temperature over a 40-year period (1969–2008) for 11 sites along a precipitation gradient on the Tibetan Plateau. The observed IAV for both precipitation and air temperature decreases with increasing mean annual precipitation. Using Biome-BGC, a process-based ecosystem model, we simulated net primary production (NPP) along this gradient and find that the IAV of NPP is positively correlated to the IAV of precipitation and temperature. Following projected climate change scenarios for the Tibetan Plateau, our simulations suggest that with increasing IAV of precipitation and temperature, the IAV of NPP will also increase and that climate thresholds exist that, if surpassed, lead to ecosystem die-off. The impacts of these changes on ecosystem processes and climate-vegetation feedbacks on the rapidly warming Tibetan Plateau are potentially quite significant.     

Modelling potential impacts of climate change on water and nitrate export from a mid-sized, semiarid watershed in the US Southwest

The impacts of climate change on water and nitrogen cycles in arid central Arizona (USA) were investigated by integrating the Second Generation Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM2) and a widely used, physical process-based model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). With statistically downscaled daily climate data from the CGCM2 as model input, SWAT predicted increased potential evapotranspiration and decreased surface runoff, lateral flow, soil water, and groundwater recharge, which suggests serious consequences for the water cycle in this desert catchment in the future. Specifically, stream discharge is projected to decrease by 31 % in the 2020s, 47 % in the 2050s, and 56 % in the 2080s compared to the mean discharge for the base period (0.73 m³/s). A flow-duration analysis reveals that the projected reduction of stream discharge in the future is attributable to significant decreases in mid-range and low-flow conditions; however, flood peaks would show a slight increase in the future. The drier and hotter future also will decrease the rate of nitrogen mineralization in the catchment and ultimately, nitrate export from the stream. Since mean mineralization rate would decrease by 15 % in the 2020s, 28 % in the 2050s, and 35 % in the 2080s compared to the based period (9.3 g N ha^?1 d^?1), the combined impact of reduced catchment mineralization and reduced streamflow would predict declining nitrate export: from today’s mean value of 30 kg N/d, to 20, 15 and 12 kg N/d by the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively.     

长江经济带主要城市群2h出行交通圈格局特征

城市群作为城镇化高级阶段区域社会经济发展和参与国际竞争的主要空间载体,良好的交通通达性是其高质量发展的必要条件。以《交通强国建设纲要》提出的城市群2h通达目标为研究视角,以长江经济带3个国家级城市群为研究对象,选取加权平均出行时间作为测度指标并引入场强和引力模型,对比分析3个城市群所有城市与中心城市两个层级2h出行交通圈格局特征。研究发现：① 3个城市群出行交通圈均表现为从中心向外围地区呈现出由低到高连续扩大的“圈层式”空间格局特征,且长三角和成渝城市群分别形成了“>”字型和“十”字型2h出行廊道,但长江中游城市群尚未形成2h出行廊道。② 城市群中心城市2h出行交通圈的空间分布受区位条件影响较大,越接近区域几何中心则2h出行交通圈覆盖范围越大,而影响腹地受中心城市综合规模的作用明显,3个城市群各中心城市2h出行交通圈和影响腹地的空间分异显著。③ 不同城市群中心城市2h出行交通圈衔接联系水平差异显著,表现出多元的圈层叠加的经济联系格局。④ 高密度高速公路路网在提高城市群中心城市2h出行交通圈衔接联系水平中发挥重要作用,按衔接联系模式特征可将各城市群总结为多中心网络型、多中心组团型与双中心轴辐型。     

西南印度洋中脊富钴结壳的矿物学和地球化学

基于采自西南印度洋超慢速扩张中脊的8块富钴结壳样品,利用XRD、XRF等方法对其进行了矿物学及地球化学组成分析,阐明了该区富钴结壳的矿物物相和元素组成特点,结合主成分分析探讨了该区结壳的成因类型和成矿物质来源。结果表明:该区结壳矿物组成以锰、铁氧化物相为主,其中锰相矿物以水羟锰矿占优势,含少量钡镁锰矿,铁相矿物出现了针铁矿及非晶质-隐晶质相;该区结壳Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Ni的平均值分别为18.96%、19.71%、0.53%、0.099%、0.47%,它们介于中、西太平洋结壳和大西洋、印度洋结壳的相应的元素含量之间;矿物组成、元素组合、元素比值等皆表明该区结壳属于水成成因,受成岩作用影响微弱,但是未见热液活动的明显影响。     

地层分布模型自匹配的剖面图动态生成算法

传统的剖面图算法对地层尖灭、透镜体、地层缺失处理能力差,算法精度难以满足生产要求.针对该问题,笔者提出一种地层分布模型自匹配的地质剖面图构建算法.首先,构建了工程钻孔数据结构;然后,根据地层分布规律定义地层分布模式,并推导出各个模式下地层剖面线生长策略和规则,通过地层分布模型规则和匹配算法判断地层点的剖面线从属关系;最后,将剖面线点集连接成线,并进行标注与地图整饰.笔者算法克服了传统钻孔相邻连接造成的连续性差、一致性欠缺的缺点,能够对地质剖面的歼灭、透镜体、地层缺失现象有准确地处理.实验表明,采用本文算法所构建的地质剖面图能准确、高效地反映研究区域的地层分布,广泛适用于工程生产.     

江西九瑞地区钻天山-郎君山地区找矿与成矿预测

本文通过对江西九瑞地区钻天山-郎君山一带的地层、岩体、断裂及矿化蚀变等地质特征进行分析,认为该区成矿地质条件优越,找矿前景良好.奥陶系灰岩与志留系碎屑岩间的岩性差异面是重点关注的找矿方向,结合物化探证据,认为钻天山-郎君山地区应优先进行勘查.     

基于地震道匹配的地层空间转换计算方法

地震数据是一个空间变化关系的数据载体,反映了地质体空间中的变化特征.在已知地震数据的前提下,如何刻画储层空间变化规律是精细储层研究的一个重要问题.笔者通过对地层空间转换函数进行研究,提出了一种基于地震道匹配求取地层空间转换函数的方法.该方法采用地震道多道匹配求取加权系数,使用多点的褶积加权的地层空间转换函数取代点对点的地层空间转换函数,从而准确反映储层物性变化,减小误差.基于Q油田的实际资料,通过模型测试及实际应用分析,结果显示:相对于传统方法,本方法建立的模型分辨率较高,包含信息较丰富,在有砂体分布的地方孔隙度值高,而且高值分布广,与测井孔隙度的分布基本一致.本方法作为一种地震信息驱动的确定性建模方法,可以更精确地进行储层表征,对地质建模有重要意义.